When comparing the styles of novels and short stories, Mr. Lu Xun thinks that the advantage of short stories is that "although it is only for a moment, you can still see the whole leopard, and it is vivid at a glance ..." (Introduction to the collection of modern world novels). Therefore, short stories should not be compressed into novels. Its advantage lies in seeing the big picture from the small, reflecting social life from point to area. In this respect, Mo Bosang's short stories are exemplary.

First of all, with limited space, few characters, relatively simple background and events, Mo Bosang reflects a certain aspect or fragmentation of the times to varying degrees. He often concentrates some themes on several scenes and scenes and expresses them in a highly concise way.

Praising the patriotic spirit of the French people in the Franco-Prussian War is an important theme in Mo Bosang's short stories. In expressing this theme, he rarely launched a full-scale struggle of people from all walks of life in France against the Prussian invading army in a broad background and complex plot. He mainly wrote an episode. For example, the short story Aunt Man Zi describes an ordinary French working woman. Her husband was killed by the police for poaching, and her son who lived alone joined the army after the two countries declared war. She is at home alone. After the Prussian army entered the village, four young soldiers were sent to live in her house. At first, she got along well with them. One day, she suddenly received the bad news that her son was blown in two by Pu Jun shells. On the same night, she set fire to her house and killed four Prussian soldiers. The novel highlights the scene before "Aunt Man Zi" was executed: she took out two pieces of paper at the same time, one was a letter reporting her son's sacrifice, and the other was a piece of paper with the names and addresses of four soldiers in Guo Pu. He asked to inform their families and said to police officer Pu Jun, "In the future, you should write down the reason of this incident and tell their parents that I did it ... please don't forget." And then calmly wait for the execution.

The novel intercepts a short section of the Franco-Prussian War, vividly reflects the French people's deep hatred for the invading army, and more importantly, deeply reveals the harm of this war. When Pu Jun invaded French territory. The French people's cooperation with the French government to rise up is a patriotic and just move, which is commendable. However, in the final analysis, this war was caused by two rulers vying for European hegemony. So the real victims are not only the French people, but also the Prussian people. Two pieces of paper are a concise and ingenious artistic summary of this actual situation.

Secondly, in the artistic conception of short stories, Mo Bosang does not create bizarre plots to stimulate readers' curiosity. He is good at choosing typical characters, events and life fragments from real life as perspective points to peep at the world, seeing the big from the small and reflecting the universal social reality from point to point. He saw the philosophy of citizen egoism through the hole of his umbrella; Bypass an absurd and chaotic world wind with a rope; The disappearance of a necklace makes people look for the simplicity of petty bourgeoisie (umbrella, rope, necklace).

2. Look at life coldly and write the world objectively.

Mo Bosang is good at describing the way of the world, and each of his short stories is a vivid French genre painting. Another important feature of his short stories is that the author himself basically does not express his tendency directly, but expresses this tendency through the story itself, trying to be objective and calm. But the novel is not completely without passion, and its passion is hidden in the content. "An artist should not appear in his works any more than God should appear in nature." Teacher Flaubert's words had a great influence on Mo Bosang.

More often, Mo Bosang put his love and hate, praise and blame in the plot. For example, his attitude towards the petty bourgeoisie he is familiar with is shown in this way. 1881February 15 at home, published by the new magazine in Paris, wrote a strange family change. The 90-year-old mother of Galawang, an old clerk who worked for many years and just won a medal, suddenly died at the dinner table. Later, many related personnel performed very hard: the diagnostic doctor cooked a meal for himself regardless of the lives of others. Neighbors, barbers and couples quarreled about whether to visit or not. Although my son tells his sadness everywhere, his purpose is only to "arouse others' condolences and make himself a caring person." The daughter-in-law was the old lady's idea. Finally, before her husband's sister, a real estate competitor, arrived, she used a marble ball wall clock and a chest of drawers to encourage her husband to carry the old man's beautiful woman to his room. Unexpectedly, when my son made an obituary the next day and started eating again, the old man "died" and came back to life-it turned out to be just a syncope. Everyone was surprised when the old man's daughter and son-in-law came. Because the old man already knew the behavior of his son and daughter-in-law, he was particularly affectionate to his daughter, which resulted in a scuffle between her daughter-in-law and her daughter-in-law. In the above-mentioned plots and scenes, the author outlines the faces of all kinds of characters in a pungent style: stingy old mother, greedy and sharp daughter-in-law, wife-fearing, vain-loving, hypocritical son-in-law, greedy daughter, quack-like doctor, clothes hanger that "makes you happy by watching the dead" ... exposing the selfish, narrow and vulgar characteristics of petty-bourgeois citizens to the fullest. From this, readers realize that the deterioration of social atmosphere and morality in France at that time was exactly the "tendency" revealed by the author. Readers can also doubt and deny this social system. And this "tendency" is reflected by the author's calm and purely objective narration.

Mo Bosang's indifference to life and objective writing of the world did not hinder or weaken his tendency to express. On the contrary, it has created greater artistic appeal and moved readers more.

3. Work hard on your ideas and make a clever fuss

Clever conception and layout is another major feature of Mo Bosang's short stories. Mo Bosang's novels are based on ordinary daily life, and the ingenious and fascinating plot structure and layout make them vivid and charming. His short stories are often as beautiful as stories, giving people a cordial and natural feeling. In the seemingly plain narrative, a well-designed wonderful pen has already been ambushed. Sometimes, the plot that is slowly advancing will quickly reach its climax because of the insertion of a detail, forming an unexpected scene. The characters and themes are deeply expressed. Sometimes, it creates a lot of fog first, deliberately leading readers astray-making all kinds of guesses about the development and ending of the story, but the results are completely opposite. Almost every article is novel and unique, and has one thing in common: reasonable, authentic, very natural and simple. In order to realize the artistic conception of the unity of exquisiteness and nature, Mo Bosang used various artistic expression methods brilliantly. Here, the following two key points are selected for analysis.

1. The design of the suspect pen makes the plot confusing and difficult to distinguish between true and false, which makes a deep impression on readers when the truth comes out.

In this respect, jewelry is more prominent. The novel depicts a pair of mediocre "little people" who love money more than anything else. There are two puzzles in the novel: at first, the husband and wife "love each other", and later the husband "loves success". The beginning of the novel plays up the harmonious and sincere feelings between husband and wife in many ways. Before marriage, the wife is "a model of a good wife and a good mother" and "has the purity of an angel". After marriage, the husband "lived an incredibly happy life" with "smart economic skills", "so much so that after six years of acquaintance, he loved him more than before". Then, gently point out his wife's shortcomings: love of the theatre, love of fake jewelry. But suddenly, she caught a cold in the theater. "The next day, he coughed. Eight days later, she died of pneumonia. "The result has been changed by this key. When a husband loses his wife, he is not only emotionally empty but also financially embarrassed. The salary that used to be enough is not enough for him to spend alone now. He was at a loss, borrowed money everywhere, and pursued it hard, so he had to sell the "fake" jewelry left by his wife before he got his salary. Unexpectedly, it dispelled the fog of "love" between husband and wife. It turned out that his wife's love for him was "fake" and the "fake" jewelry was real, which was bought by his wife at the price of love and color. The story may end here, but the author's scalpel has not been put down, it has penetrated into her husband's soul. The second illusion appeared again: after he knew that the jewels were real, he doubted his wife's chastity and fainted to the ground. It's really painful and embarrassing. However, when he was walking in the street, he saw the rich man look carefree, envious and carefree. He bought all his wife's collars and other jewels in desperation and got a huge sum of nearly 20 gold francs. At this time, the previous shock, shame and sadness were all swept away by his greed for money. He not only accepted the jewels cheated by his wife with a clear conscience, but also shamelessly boasted about them. At this point, love, family, reputation ... everything is fake, only jewelry, only money is real, he can dominate and serve one.

The facts and truth revealed by "jewelry" were originally the most common life phenomenon and logic in capitalist society. Mo Bosang's skill is to turn the plain into a novel, write this story that is difficult to distinguish between true and false, and analyze the soul of the characters, which makes people feel "ironic" and lamented. This is the artistic power produced by the author's conception with suspicious pen.

2. With the help of "Qiao", this kind of "Qiao" is the combination of accident and necessity, and the unity of artistic truth and life truth.

Uncle Yule's story itself is quite simple, even lacking in story, but it is not boring to read. The reason is that the author abandons the straightforward narration and adopts two coincidental techniques, thus expressing the fate and theme of the characters in the novel more strongly and deeply. At the beginning, the novel was not written with joy, but emphasized the embarrassment of the brother and sister-in-law family and the family's desire for him to come back. Then, the history of Santa Claus is summarized. How he squandered his money before became the "horror" of the whole family, and later he got along well outside and became the "only hope" of the whole family. These descriptions filled the atmosphere for Yule's frontal appearance in the basic plot, created sufficient conditions, and made readers anxious to know whether he could come back and what would happen after he came back. But Mo Bosang, who has thoroughly understood the author's psychology, is in no hurry to answer. He deliberately cut out the clue of Yu Le and wrote another clue that has been explained. Is to write about the second sister's marriage. Mo Bosang wrote it without any trace. Finally, Yule suddenly appeared on the ship that the whole family went to Saidao, and was recognized by her brother and sister-in-law. However, for more than ten years, Yule, whom the whole family has been looking forward to, pinned all his luck hopes on him, but now he has become a beggar-like oyster seller, which is really unexpected. However, this accident contains reasonable ingredients. The rise and fall of Yule after her brother and sister-in-law rushed to the United States is a true portrayal of the fate of the petty bourgeoisie in a precarious position in capitalist society, and it also fully conforms to the development law of Yule's character as a "black sheep" of this class. Mo Bosang's loyalty to life and characters makes the use of coincidence realistic and reasonable, as well as his rendering and foreshadowing in the narrative. It is a necessary artistic treatment factor to ensure the contingency and inevitability of the above plot, surprise and rationality, careful design and the unity of nature.

Mo Bosang's artistic conception embodies the general law of literary and artistic creation. On the one hand, it is necessary to make the work unique, mobilize artistic expression methods such as ups and downs, truth and coincidence, and create accidents, special accidents ... On the other hand, it is natural to keep the traces hidden with knives and axes, so that exquisiteness and strangeness are natural. Such an artistic conception inevitably requires a flexible and eclectic structure. His structure, from the narrative way, not only adopts the direct narrative from cause to effect, but also adopts the flashback from effect to cause, and there is mixed flashback in interpolation. From the perspective of structural means, many chapters have an "introduction" at the beginning after the main part of the plot, and there is a lot of care at the end. This is not Mo Bosang's original creation, but it is indeed one of his favorite means in constructing novels.

4. The details are accurate and vivid

Mo Bosang showed extraordinary talent in describing the details of short stories. In his short stories, the details are accurate and vivid. Many characters in his short stories can stand firm and leave a lasting impression, which is largely related to his meticulous description of details.

Mo Bosang is good at expressing his attitude towards characters, his social views and aesthetic ideals through typical details. His famous work boule de suif contains many wonderful details. In My Uncle Yule, he is good at selecting and refining typical details, so in his works, there are often few descriptions of characters, but they can be vividly portrayed on paper. The story is not complicated, but it can be gripping and fascinating. Making full use of props is one of the "stunts" in the detailed description of Mo Bosang's short stories. According to incomplete statistics, Mo Bosang used props such as umbrellas, ropes, fleas, necklaces and jewels in his short stories. The most successful necklace is the one that changed Mathilde's fate. The status and function of this necklace is obviously more important than the umbrella in the umbrella and the rope in the rope. The first part of the novel comes down to borrowing a necklace, and the turning point is because the necklace is lost. The second part is to pay for the necklace, and the result is a fake necklace. In the course of the story, every time this necklace appears, the tragedy of the protagonist has a new development. In the structure of his works, he connected all the parts naturally, closely and organically.

Finally, talk about the language of Mo Bosang's short stories. The language of his short stories is accurate, clear and vivid. Tolstoy and Francois once marveled. The style of Mo Bosang's short stories can be summarized in several words: conciseness, exquisiteness and elegance.