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In December of the first year of Tianfu at the end of Jin Dynasty (AD 937), Duan Siping, our ambassador to Tonghai, contacted Dong Jialuo, a Bai aristocrat. With the support of the 37th Department of Dong Gui, he rose up and conquered Yangmaocheng (now Shimonoseki), overthrowing the "country of justice and peace" and establishing the "Dali country". "Nanzhao unofficial history" contains: Duan Siping "borrowed soldiers from the thirty-seven barbarians of Dongheguan and Songguan." Except for the ethnic minorities such as Robbie, Xixichu, Situo and Tierong (in today's Honghe County), the other 37 are Wuman in eastern Yunnan, northeastern Yunnan, central Yunnan, southern Yunnan and western Guizhou. Because the Dali regime "owes its success to the barbarians in the East", at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic, "all the people got treasures and were rewarded by big banks", and the corvee was reduced or exempted. For example, the Uman aristocrat was appointed minister Wu Luo, while "Uman" and "some thugs" were appointed in Heyang County. These sealed Uman nobles are feudal lords, big and small. They are "officials of the world, leaders of the land and people".

At the same time, the ruler of Dali regime also named Dong Jialuo as cloth shoes (prime minister), Ji Cheng (now Yongsheng) as hereditary territory, Gao Fang as "Yue Hou" and Giant Bridge (now Kunyang) as hereditary territory. These white savage feudal lords, big and small, often encroach on the land of people of all ethnic groups nearby to expand their territory and sphere of influence. For example, the high Lord took Yimen, where there are barbarians living in the world, as his own; The "Dali Gao Weijun" occupied the water where the Yi ancestors lived in Medog (now Qujing City) as their own private city, and expelled Monti, the leader of Medog. In the area of Wuding and Quzhou, according to Geographical Records of the Yuan Dynasty, "many Han tombs are inhabited by Bo and Lu people, or once inhabited by Han people. When Montessori was born, Bai Man took his place. To Duan, more than 30 barbarian settlements were annexed by barbarians, ruled by brothers and sons and nephews, and all of them were placed under the Ministry. " Not only the Wu Luo department, but also the Medog department divided its children into three parts, namely, the strong Sect, the repair branch and the Bu Xiong department, and the Bu Xiong department later named its brother the Luo Family Department.

"Some Mo disciples" means "the migration is not so rough", and there is no historical record in Han and Jin Dynasties. "Immigrant Momoman" is a ethnic group that differentiated from Laos and Kunming after the Northern and Southern Dynasties. It is the same ethnic group as Wuman in the early Tang Dynasty, and it was called "Luo Rosa Modo" in the Ming Dynasty. After Nanzhao annexed the eastern region, the "Mo Mo people migrated" still lived in Chuxiong to Chengjiang and Yuxi. As the population of "immigrants" increases, they continue to develop in neighboring areas. At the end of Nanzhao, Luojia Department (now Chengjiang County), Yang Headquarters (now the southeast of Chenggong in Chengjiang County to Yang Zong), Buxiong Department (now Jiangchuan County), Xiuzhi Department (now Yuxi) and Maitreya Department (now Maitreya County) were formed. There are also some "immigrants" scattered in the vast areas south of Shicheng (now Qujing) and north of Shantou (now Nanhong River in Jianshui County). They had more contacts with various departments of Uman in Cuan District, developed more advanced, had class differentiation, and also belonged to collective slaves who stayed in place after being conquered by Nanzhao slave owners, so they were included in the 37 departments of Uman in the east. At a time when the big and small lords of Dali kingdom are fighting for power and profit, the national situation is declining and the society is in turmoil, thirty-seven Wuman divisions belonging to Dali kingdom have become hegemons one after another. "Yu" in the thirty-seven books unified southern Guizhou, and the forces known as "Luodian State" and "Momotu" continued to develop greatly. Its ruling division has included most of Yuxi, south of Kunming, and has developed eastward to the border of Guangxi, establishing the "Zi Qi State".

Since the heyday of Qi State, it is located in today's eastern Yunnan, Guangxi and western Guizhou, roughly coinciding with the Southern Song Dynasty. Maybe you haven't seen it on the historical map, because it is a vassal of the Song Dynasty, which has nominal leadership over it. The general historical map regards it as the country of the Song Dynasty, and it is directly included in the territory of the Song Dynasty.

Zi Qi is a small country established by the Wuman people, the ancestors of Yi people. In fact, Wuman refers to a large number of tribes in the southwest of China that were not well localized by the Central Plains Dynasty (better known as Baiman). They lived in Yunnan and Guizhou for a long time. Since the annexation of Yelang and Dian by the Han Dynasty, it was nominally a surrender to the Central Plains dynasty, but in fact it was often at arm's length. Anyway, the sky is high and the emperor is far away, and nobody cares. By the way, it is said that Meng Huo, a classmate who is good with Zhuge Liang, is a member of Wuman.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the people of the Central Plains were too busy to care about themselves, so they gradually left the Central Plains dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, barbarians were divided into dozens, among which there were six near Erhai Lake in Yunnan, and six small states were built, which were called six imperial edicts. The leader of the six imperial edicts later made a fortune, established Nanzhao Kingdom, unified Yunnan, and other barbarian tribes basically followed.

In the 9th century, Nanzhao was overthrown by the governor, Yunnan was in turmoil, and the Central Plains was in chaos in the middle of the late Tang Dynasty, so the remaining Wuman ministries also started their own businesses and established several small kingdoms on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. One of them evolved into Zi Qi State in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it was also the best developed one of the barbarian countries. It is worth mentioning that when another small Uman country ceded its land in the early Song Dynasty, Song Taizu was very happy and named it Qianzhou, which is still in use today.

When People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, Qi was very weak, so he took the initiative to show kindness to the Song Dynasty and became a vassal of the Song Dynasty. Later, under the cover of the Song Dynasty, it gradually became stronger, cleaning up many other barbarian tribes and small countries around it, and its territory became larger and larger, making use of the mountainous areas in the southwest of the Song Dynasty. Finally, between today's Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi, a long and narrow land shape from north to south has gradually formed. This has produced a wonderful effect: it basically separated Dali in Yunnan from the Song Dynasty, which unified the Central Plains. This provided a basis for later acting as a middleman to earn the difference between Qi and China.

Then something happened. 1 127, the change of jingkang, the rulers occupied the yellow river basin. Jurchen cavalry in Jin Dynasty was very powerful and almost invincible. One of the reasons why Yue Fei is a famous soldier is that he took the cavalry and infantry of the rulers. But it is impossible for everyone to be Yue Fei of the Song Dynasty. If they want to fight against the rulers, they must have enough horses. There are not many good horses produced in the Song Dynasty, and the land in the north is lost. The rotten horses produced in Huainan and Hubei are useless. Where can we find war horses? Dali kingdom. To the west, Dali can communicate with Central Asia through Myanmar and India, and as we all know, Central Asia is the origin of good horses. Therefore, there are not only horses in Dali, but also horses that are better than Mongolian horses ridden by Jin people. So go to dali bought horses in Song Dynasty. The task of buying horses was handed over to officials in Yongzhou (roughly in Nanning, Guangxi) in the Song Dynasty.

Yongzhou people went to Yunnan to buy horses, but the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau at that time was also the place where the Song Dynasty people changed color. The road in western Guangxi is particularly difficult to walk. There are mountains everywhere, narrow paths, snakes and insects everywhere, and smoke everywhere. Go to dali will lose three layers of skin. Yongzhou people shouted bitterness in their hearts, scolded the streets, and went west with a brave face, crossing the territory of Qi State to buy horses in Dali State. Just a few times, Qi came to see you. They said to Yongzhou people, you don't have to work so hard. We also have horses, and the quality is definitely not worse than Dali. Come and buy it from us. Yongzhou people knew at a glance that the self-defeating horse was really a good horse, so they happily bought a horse from self-defeating and stopped go to dali.

In fact, there are no horses in the deep forests of Qi. Their horses are Dali's horses. They saw the business opportunity, bought horses from Dali, and then sold them to Song Dynasty people at a higher price to earn the difference. People in the Song Dynasty really didn't want go to dali, so they accepted the price increase. Because the Song and Jin wars continued, the consumption of war horses was very large, so the Song people bought a lot of horses. Starting from Qi State, almost all the countries began to sell horses, becoming the middleman between Song Dynasty and Dali State. This remote small country soon became rich.

Not only Qi State, but also a few small barbarian countries, such as Ayi State, Luodian State and Roche Ghost State. (At that time, the Song Dynasty collectively referred to them as foreign vassals or southwest barbarians), and they all began to sell horses. Luodian Kingdom is located in the east of Zi Qi, which is actually closer to Yongzhou. Therefore, he robbed Zi Qi's business and was defeated by Quich. Later, these two small countries fought each other for a long time, just for the horse market. Later, Zi Qi didn't even wait for the Song Dynasty people to buy horses, but rushed them to the Song Dynasty every year to sell them, and even blocked the gates of Yongzhou to buy and sell them.

On another occasion, Luo Dianguo made another move to grab business with the self-help people who went to Yongzhou to sell horses. Qi was annoyed and went to Yizhou (Yishan, Guangxi) in the Song Dynasty to buy horses. At this time, the lack of geographical knowledge of the Song people also understand that Yongzhou and Zi Qi are far apart, while Yizhou is very close to Liqi. As a result, in the Song Dynasty, horses were traded in Yizhou and Zi Qi, and Luo Dianguo of showstopper was used as a bargaining chip, and the price was successfully lowered.

However, in the Song Dynasty, Zi Qi did have enough money to buy horses. All kinds of gold and silver, silks and satins and precious jewels are concentrated in Guangxi, and many of them fall into the hands of Qi. Since Qi became rich and powerful, its national strength has also been greatly improved, even surpassing the declining Dali State and the Li Dynasty in Vietnam, and becoming the strongest country in the southwest of Song Dynasty. King Zi Qi even stood on his own feet and decided to be an equal with the Song Dynasty. This should be another warlord, who was moved away by the Sixth Division, but perhaps because Zi Qi's geographical location is too remote, people in the Song Dynasty basically ignored it and let it entertain itself.

Self-righteous people have a bad temper, like to buy and sell hard, and draw their swords if they don't agree with each other, which makes Fan Chengda, a poet who used to be a manager in Guangxi (the one who wrote "Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellany") very angry and records the bad behavior of self-righteous people. Later, Ren Ziqi clashed with businessmen in the Song Dynasty, killing people, and the Song Dynasty sent messengers to seriously reprimand and negotiate. Since Qi knew that the thigh of Song Dynasty could not be lost and not to be taunted, he kept silent and continued to be a middleman to make money. When the emissary came back, he told the court that we should guard against self-criticism. What moths will there be in the southwest in the future? It is probably caused by the tartars of the State of Qi.

Unexpectedly, from Qi to the end, it did not cause any big trouble to the Song Dynasty, but became a shield for the Song Dynasty. 1253, Mongolia destroyed Dali, forming a semi-encirclement of the Song Dynasty. Mongolian troops began to attack the Song Dynasty from the west. As a vassal of the Song Dynasty, Zi Qi was the first to deal with the Mongolian attack. In principle, a small and loosely organized country like Zi Qi should be easily occupied by Mongols. As a result, Mongolia was blocked by Zi Qi State for six years, and Zi Qi was not destroyed until 1259. Perhaps it is also related to the display of Mongolian cavalry in the mountains. (In contrast, the two Central Asian powers, Xiliao and Huazi Zimu, add up in front of the Mongols. Just before the national subjugation, the last monarch of Zi Qi was still reporting the military situation to the Song Dynasty. Although it failed to change the result of the Mongolian-Song War in the end, Zi Qi did his best and played a role far beyond expectations, repaying the kindness of the Song Dynasty for so many years in the horse market.

1In the autumn of 253, Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan and General Uriyangqatai led100000 Mongolian fighters from Liupanshan, Ningxia, with a journey of more than 2,000 miles, crossing the Dadu River and crossing the Jinsha River. A Liang, the main commander of Lijiang River, surrendered without a fight, and Xianggaohe in Dali died in Jiuhe. King Duan Xingzhi was captured. After the surrender, he presented a map of Yunnan and a strategy for conquering all over the country, and also organized the Dali army as a pioneer to attack the 37 th department of Wuman. "Biography of Uriyangqatai in Yuan Dynasty" contains: "Attacking Zhang became one of its parts, and the chapter was covered with barbarians; Attack the barbarian soldiers, detain Chicheng (Kunming), and those who choose the brave will destroy its north gate with guns and set fire to it. " Due to the tenacious resistance of Qi, the soldiers and civilians in Kunze (Yiliang) had to go over mountains and valleys to fight against the Mongolian army, and the Mongolian army was not allowed to enter for several days. After that, "it rolled inward and was attacked from all sides. Uriyangqatai took the lead, attacked the fiber village and pulled it out." "Attacking Gecheng (Chengjiang) and setting guns around the city", the soldiers and civilians in Chengjiang persevered and fought against the enemy "against the city". During 1255, the Mongolian army led by Asu successively captured Wupulong (Shicheng), Tam and Luomeng, and also attacked songkhla Geshanzhai (Panxian and Pu 'an). 1257, 40,000 barbarians in Awa (Jianshui area) persisted in resisting and did not surrender until the city was broken. Asu then attacked Aru (Aru) Shanzhai in eastern Yunnan, captured Aru City (Biluolong) and fell from the burning of the capital of Qi. However, because the King of Qi and his men did not surrender or be captured, they still wandered around Nanpanjiang in Xingyi, Luoping, Shizong, Luxi and Qiubei to continue the war of resistance. Until 1259, Nijiang (Nanpanjiang), the commander-in-chief of Uriyangqatai, attacked the front line of Guangxi in the Southern Song Dynasty, and (that) the king also sent people to deliver important military information to the border guards in the Southern Song Dynasty.

From 1254 to 1259, Qi fought for five years. This point has also been confirmed by relevant historical materials. For example, The Iron Emperor, the front-line battle report sent by the commander-in-chief of Guangdong and Guangxi in the Southern Song Dynasty from Temodao (Guangnan), said, "Today, I got your report from Guangxi Economic Management Office. In August, the enemy attacked Warsaw village and was killed by more than 10 thousand soldiers. Division, Mingzhou and others reported that in September, the enemy attacked a country and retreated more than 10,000 people. " In addition, "Notes on the Five Events of Kezhai Zamanou's Shu Shuai Guangtiao Chen" said: "Last year, about 70,000 to 80,000 people were reported to the enemy. So far, I have been stationed in Dali, plowing fields and planting wheat, but I have no intention of appearing. (Today) In addition to all the soldiers and horses in Wuliang (Hetai), there are 30,000 to 40,000 people, including Tuna, Shanshan, Chuwei, Ao and Ahe, hunting with barbarians. " This is also recorded in Biography of Uriyangqatai: "When Uriyangqatai falls ill, he will be transferred to another division. One night, my uncle's fifty horses were taken away by bald men. He said to Uriyangqatai, "What should I do if all my horses are stolen by thieves?" That is to say, we divided our forces and searched, and found three villages on the top of kurama. Asu personally led the soldiers to climb the cliff, broke through its village, captured the thief chieftain alive, and got all the stolen horses ... "The Mongolian army was in a difficult situation in the territory of Qi for several years, as the Southern Song Dynasty said, because of" famine ","the sky died ","178 positions were built "and" the road was more than a foot wide ". Since Qi's army has been fighting to the death, it has survived with the territory. Zengbo Li's "Shuai Guangtiao Chen Wu's Play" said: "Over the past few years, I have visited many cities and selected the poor to inspect. I was often sent to Luodian in Yongzhou, and Tang and Pan lived in ... only then did I know that Zi Qi had broken three cities. " "Gui Dao" in "Metageography": "Seven years in Yuan Xianzong (1257), attached to the second volume". When Mongols captured cities, they often burned castles and slaughtered civilians. As Uriyangqatai's biography says, "The valley is empty".

Located between Dali and the Southern Song Dynasty, Ziqi Kingdom is a strategic place for the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongolian army to compete for the southwest. In the Southern Song Dynasty, officials were sent to Luodian and Zi Qi to spy on the military situation. Zengbo Li said in "Five Things about Shuai Guangtiao Chen" submitted in the 10th year of Chunyou (1250): "The frontier defense is urgent, and the spies come first ... In recent years, I have repeatedly visited various counties, and all the choices are poor in physical exploration. Yongzhou has decided to go to Luodian, and Tang and Pan Zhu will go together. " In the fifth year of Chunyou (1245), when Xie Tunan, a subordinate, was sent to the border, he was reported by Ma Zhao, only to know that Dali was in an emergency. It was reported that three cities were broken and three quarters of the enemy troops were involved. In the fourth year of Song Chun (1244), the Mongolian army attacked Dali for the first time and was quickly defeated. The official history of this matter is lacking. Later, Fang Dayan wrote in 1254 "With Guicai": "Seven or eight years ago, there was a saying that the enemy spied on Dali." In his letter, he also pointed out that "all kinds of enemies are self-destructive, and if they have the ability to bring them out, they can attack them with brute force and kill them." If you want, you should be well prepared and loud. Dare not move, is the best policy. "

After the Mongolian army conquered various parts of Yunnan, it set out to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, with the eastern front pointing directly at Guangxi, with Qi bearing the brunt. Zengbo Li, commander-in-chief of Guangdong and Guangxi in the Southern Song Dynasty, reported in an August play in the sixth year of Bao You (1258) that the Mongolian army was "hungry for food". Later, he talked about the military situation in the autumn of this year in "The Warfare Prevention of Guiyue Wuwenke School": "At that time, it was autumn, and bandits invaded the city, so we relied on our division to stop them from going deep." Since the Mongolian army committed the "state territory" in the Southern Song Dynasty, it should be regarded as crossing the self-broken territory west of the state territory under the jurisdiction of the Song Dynasty. This point was proved in Zengbo Li's "Playing Border Affairs and Urging Soldiers" presented in June of the first year of Qing Dynasty (1259). It was the Emperor that said, "The Mongolian army stopped at Hengshan Mountain in winter, peeped at Yongzhou, and invaded Wuyuan (now Wuming County, Guangxi)". The play is also called: "The enemy retreated from the first month and settled in Dali and Zi Qi." According to this, it can be judged that the Mongolian army occupied the main areas of Zi Qi in the autumn of the sixth year of Baoyu (1258). As for the reason for the temporary retreat of the Mongolian army, Zengbo Li also said that "it is getting dark, and the soldiers are in danger and cannot escape." After the Mongolian army temporarily retreated, it took this as a stronghold and continued to attack. According to the report of secret agent Tian Jinzi Lucheng (now Lucheng Township, tianlin county, Guangxi), "The enemy Kou Xing Bing has attacked Luodian, and he will be divided into the king." According to the report of Lizhou (now Lizhou Township, tianlin county, Guangxi), "The enemy has built 178 warehouses in Mojia market controlled by Zi Qi, and the enemy attacked Luodian country, which has built roads in Thanks To Drop, which is more than one foot wide." Zi Qi's important role in the Mongolian army's attack on the Southern Song Dynasty can be seen here.