Gem is the most beautiful and valuable rock. They are bright in color, crystal in texture, brilliant in luster, hard and durable, and rare. They are natural mineral crystals and can be used to make jewelry, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds. There are also a few natural mineral aggregates, such as agate and opal. There are also a few organic substances, such as amber, pearls, corals, coal powder, ivory, etc., which are also included in the broad sense of gems.

diamond

The hardness is 10.

The density is 3.52g/cm3.

The chemical composition of diamonds is carbon, which is the only single element in gems. It belongs to the equiaxed crystal system. The crystal forms are mostly octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, tetrahedron and their aggregates. Pure diamonds are colorless and transparent, showing different colors due to the mixing of trace elements, and the most precious one is pink diamond. Strong diamond luster. The refractive index is 2.4 17 and the dispersion is moderate, which is 0.044. An isotropic object. The thermal conductivity is 0.35 calories/cm sec .. Tested by thermal conductivity meter, the response is the most sensitive. The Mohs hardness of diamond is 10, which is the highest among natural minerals. But don't think that diamonds with high hardness will never break. In fact, the brittleness of diamonds is also quite high, and they will still be broken when they are hit hard. Diamond is a natural mineral. The main producing areas of diamonds are Australia, South Africa and India. The United States, India, Israel and Belgium are the bases of diamond processing and cutting. Belgium, in particular, is recognized as a diamond trading center in the world. Diamonds are the most famous and precious because of their hardness, brightness, rarity and difficulty in hand-making.

Ruby, sapphire

Hardness: 9

Density: 3.97 g/cm3 -4.05 g/cm3.

Ruby and sapphire, a kind of corundum, are mainly composed of alumina (Al2O3), and the red color comes from chromium (Cr). The gem without chromium is naturally sapphire. Most natural rubies come from Asia (Myanmar, Thailand and Sri Lanka), Africa and Australia, and there are some in Montana and South Carolina. Natural rubies are very rare and precious, but artificial rubies are not difficult, so industrial rubies are all artificial. As a kind of colored gems, color is the most important factor in its quality evaluation. The grading scheme is as follows: blood red, pigeon blood red (optimal) > bright red (excellent) > pure red > pink (medium) > purple (poor). Legend and symbolic significance of ruby: In the Bible, Job said, "Only wisdom is more valuable than ruby"; In some ancient Indian works, ruby is called "the most precious of the twelve gems created by God when he created everything". According to legend, people who wear rubies will "live a long and healthy life, have rich financial resources and have a happy love". "If you wear a red gem ring in your left hand, or a ruby brooch in your left hand, you will have the magic to turn an enemy into a friend". Sapphire color: As a kind of colored gems, color is the most important factor in its quality evaluation. The grading scheme is as follows: cornflower blue (optimal) >; Heavy blue (excellent) > bright blue (good) > light blue (medium) > very light blue or blue with gray and green (poor). Legend and symbolic significance of sapphire: sapphire gives people the association of high sky and silent sea, which is empty and quiet. Orientals have used sapphire as amulet since ancient times, or as a sacred object embedded in sacred objects. In the eyes of westerners, sapphire is a "stone that makes people smart", which symbolizes kindness, honesty, wisdom and noble character. At present, natural rubies and sapphires on the market are not all too expensive. What is expensive is that it shines without "cotton" and "grain". This is only a minority.

emerald

Hardness 7.5

The density is 2.63-2.90g/cm3.

Emerald is a silicate containing beryllium and aluminum, and its molecular formula is Be3Al2[Si6O 18], which belongs to the noblest member of beryl family. It belongs to hexagonal system. Crystal simplex is hexagonal column and hexagonal bipyramid, mostly rectangular column. Aggregate is granular, blocky, etc. Emerald green, glass luster, transparent to translucent. Polychromaticity is not obvious. Not an isotropic body. . According to the Old Testament, Christians believe that the resurrection of Jesus is related to jade, which is a symbol of rebirth and has sacred power. On the other hand, Indians worship jade very much. They think it can bring good luck to the wearer and make them happy. Ordinary people are proud to own an emerald, and the royal family owns a lot of priceless emerald treasures.

tourmaline

Hardness 7.5

Specific gravity 3.06

In China, the word tourmaline first appeared in the classic "Shiya" in the Qing Dynasty: "The name of Biya Yao was recorded in China, but it was not published in detail. The Qing Dynasty canon says: Do concubines use Biya Ding? Yunnan people say: than easy to thank, than easy; Uji is also Bixia Creek. People in this world are called Biya, or Bibi, but there is no question about the origin of this name. If it is a foreign dialect, there is no doubt about it. In later historical documents, we can also find names such as arsenic, tourmaline, bixiaxi, and broken evil gold. And the tourmaline we are talking about now is the common name of our jewelry industry. Legend has it that tourmaline is also the favorite of Empress Dowager Cixi. According to historical records, in the funeral of Empress Dowager Cixi in the Qing Dynasty, there was a lotus carved by tourmaline, weighing 3,628 yuan (about 5,092 grams), and a pillow made of watermelon tourmaline, which was worth 752,000 silver at that time. Tourmaline is common in pink, green, dark blue, sky blue, brown and black. The common phenomenon of two-color zoning is * * *, which can be parallel to the bottom of the crystal or form a ring with a parallel cylinder, also known as tourmaline with watermelon. Among them, the top grade is transparent and shiny blue, fresh rose red and pink plus green composite color. It has been deeply loved by people since ancient times. Tourmaline is one of colored gems after diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds.

Tourmaline has strong energy, and its main feature is to absorb energy. Because tourmaline has a variety of bright colors, it is easy to make people feel happy, advocate freedom, and broaden their minds and horizons.

Tourmaline can also stimulate creativity, bring endless inspiration and thoughts, calm, clear and concentrated power, make you act properly and go all out, and radiate the frequency of attracting love and friendship.

Tourmaline can also radiate an affinity magnetic field, which naturally attracts more people to your side and melts the gap between people.

Tourmaline itself has a high effect on metabolism and endocrine activities. It can balance the internal gas field, make the elements of yin and yang opposite easily combine and merge, and also resolve various conflicts and contradictions between people externally.

Tourmaline has the magical ability to attract or repel light and small objects (it will not rub against other objects).

aquamarine

Hardness 8

Aquamarine is a very precious gem, which belongs to the same family as emerald and is collectively called beryl.

Most aquamarine is sky blue to sea blue or turquoise blue, full of romantic marine atmosphere! It is also reminiscent of the blue sky, fresh and pleasant. It makes people feel happy and symbolizes calmness, courage and intelligence. Westerners believe that wearing aquamarine can make people have foresight. Aquamarine is often used as a meditation and metaphysical power, which can achieve a certain degree of communication, so it can master the use of time and space, and is a gem symbolizing love and peace. Hailanbao's five elements belong to water, which is most suitable for people who like water. Physiological function: blue corresponds to the throat chakra, which helps to strengthen communication and expression skills, and is also suitable for some industries that use language, conversation and pronunciation. Hai Lanbao is the lucky stone for the birthday of March in the Gregorian calendar.

Moonstone

Density: 2.62

Moonstone is a very magical gem, a kind of feldspar, and it is sodium, potassium and aluminum silicate. Moonstone is named because it can emit beautiful silver and light blue halos under ordinary light, just like hazy moonlight. For centuries, the moonstone has been one of people's favorite gems, and people think it can awaken the gentle enthusiasm of the sweetheart. Also known as the "lover stone", it can make two people happy. Mysterious and romantic luster, full of aura like moonlight. The sixth inspiration that can be enhanced. Indians regard moonstone as sacred stone, while ancient Greece and Rome firmly believe that moonstone is full of powerful power at full moon. Moonstone is the lucky stone for people born in June.

redstone

Hardness: 3-5

Density: 3.60 (+0. 10, -0. 15) g/cm3.

The scientific name of rhodochrosite is rhodochrosite, and its chemical composition is MnCO3；. It may contain elements such as iron, calcium, zinc and magnesium.

Red stones are mostly pink series with milky white stripes, which are very beautiful and bright! Usually polished into beads, rings, or carvings, it is regarded as one of the more precious natural gems. The rare transparent crystal of rhodochrosite is often praised as "ruby" by the industry and collectors!

Redstone is also pink all over, with little or no milky white stripes. It is called ice red stone, and its price is more expensive than ordinary red stone!

The spiritual function and usage of the red stone: The main function of the red stone is to develop the heart chakra, relieve depression, help the secret luck, make the wearer happy forever, awaken people's demand for love, make people enthusiastic and willing to pay, increase the chances of attracting love and enhance the opposite sex. Different from powder crystal, it is biased towards practice and action, increasing confidence and moving towards the goal, which is suitable for people who have already met. It can treat the pain, loss and depression caused by lovelorn, and make the mood stable and soft.

olivine

The hardness is 6.5-7.

The density is 3.34(+0. 14, -0.07) g/cm3.

The composition of olivine is magnesium iron silicate. Olivine, called xxx at dusk, is the birthstone of August, symbolizing "the happiness of husband and wife". The reason why olivine is regarded as a symbol of husband and wife happiness may be related to its green color. Olive green, a light green-yellowish green. This color is so stable and simple, only the depth of green changes, just like a middle-aged couple walking hand in hand on the journey of life. They have had the dreams of young people and experienced the madness of young people. Life is so beautiful for them, and their emotions are so ordinary and endless. Therefore, they did not choose xxx, which symbolizes spring, or pigeon blood red, which symbolizes fiery love, but chose constant yellow and green to express lasting happiness between reliable couples. The price of olivine is not only related to the depth of green, but sometimes the size also has a great influence. Because there are many cracks in olivine raw materials, there are few raw materials that can grind bigger gems, and the output of gems is low. The quality of workmanship is also a factor affecting the price.

In ancient times, olivine was called "the jewel of the sun". People believe that olivine is as powerful as the sun, which can drive away XXX and subdue witchcraft. The color of olivine is gorgeous and pleasing to the eye, which is deeply loved by people and gives people a relaxed and happy feeling, so it is known as the "stone of happiness". Many countries in the world have listed olivine and silk-wrapped agate as "birthstones in August", symbolizing gentleness, intelligence, family happiness and harmony between husband and wife. Olivine is often used to make brooches, rings and earrings. It is a common mid-range gem in the jewelry market.

Olivine: It helps to relieve tension, make people feel relaxed and happy, and make people sleep soundly and be more harmonious with the outside world. Green energy helps to accumulate wealth. It can be used as a talisman to ward off evil spirits and help to improve liver disease.

garnet

Hardness: 6.5-7.5,

Density: 3.5-4.3g/cm3.

Origin: Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, USA, China and other countries. Gem-grade garnet minerals have been found in more than ten provinces in China.

Garnet is a complex silicate mineral composed of various metal elements, so in addition to the extremely rare blue color, bright red, green, orange yellow, pink purple and black garnets are also produced. In the garnet family, purple garnet is the most common. Red garnet series is crystal clear, uniform in color and high in transparency; Yellow garnet is yellow, orange, brown and other colors in pure state because it contains elements such as manganese and aluminum. Green garnet is bright green because it contains chromium.

Garnet is deeply loved by people because of its large and uniform size, high refractive index, strong luster, colorful and profound beauty. Garnet has been regarded as an amulet since xxx in ancient Egypt. Because it is the most advanced gem, it was chosen as the birthstone in January. The air in January is full of intoxicating pomegranate red, January legend, January romance and January blessing. Garnet's motto is: loyalty, truthfulness and friendliness.

The function of garnet is 1. Help to improve blood diseases, promote circulation, enhance vitality, and then get the effect of beauty beauty, which is the first choice for ladies. 2. It is helpful to improve the function of reproductive system, enhance the body's regenerative ability and accelerate wound healing. 3. For workers who often stay up late, work overtime and are tired day and night, they can actively recover their physical strength. 4. Red pomegranate corresponds to the undersea chakra, which is suitable for women with weak constitution and irregular qi and blood to supplement the energy of the next three rounds. 5. It can enhance their vitality, charm and affinity, and improve gynecological problems.

The Legend of Garnet

In the Bohemian Garnet Museum in Europe, there is a red garnet that has been sleeping for hundreds of years. She quietly told every visitor a beautiful and touching love story.

Loulier is the owner of this garnet, and she is the lover of Goethe, the greatest poet in Europe. When she first met Goethe at the age of 19, she fell in love with him deeply. Because of the age gap between them, her love was opposed by her family. But this stubborn girl's passionate love for Goethe is just like her love for her garnet. Every time she goes out with Goethe, she wears garnet, because she is convinced that the legend of garnet can convey the information of love between lovers. She wants Garnet to witness her faithful love.

Perhaps it was garnet that really appeared and passed on Uluruye's almost crazy love to Goethe. Goethe was deeply moved by Lu Lu Liv's love across the times, and a great poem "Elegy of Mary Inbarto" was born.

Birthstone of the month

January garnet is the birthstone of January, representing chastity, friendship and loyalty.

February amethyst is the birthstone of February, symbolizing honesty and peace of mind, and it is the jewel for the seventeenth wedding anniversary.

March aquamarine is the birthstone of March, symbolizing "composure and courage" and "happiness and longevity".

April diamond is the birthstone of April, symbolizing chastity and purity, and it is also the jewelry for the 75th wedding anniversary. Therefore, the 75th wedding anniversary was named Diamond Wedding.

May xxx gem, as the birthstone of May, symbolizes a happy wife and is also a gem gift given at the 55th wedding anniversary.

In June, people think that wearing moonstone can bring good luck. Indians regard the moonstone as a "sacred stone", which is a gem for the 13th wedding anniversary. It is listed as June birthstone with metamorphic rocks and pearls, which indicates health, longevity and prosperity.

July ruby represents noble and passionate love and is considered as the birthstone of July.

Olivine in August is a beautiful gem with moderate price. Colorful, pleasing to the eye, deeply loved by people, known as the "stone of happiness." It is the birthstone of August, which indicates the happiness and harmony of husband and wife.

September September birthstone sapphire is a high-grade gem, one of the five major gems. After diamonds and rubies. Orientals believe that wearing sapphire can protect people from evil and will.

Bring good luck.

As the birthstone of October, October opal is the stone of hope and happiness.

November topaz is the birthstone of November, and it is also the jewelry for the wedding 16 anniversary. Wearing it symbolizes friendship and happiness.

In December, emeralds, turquoise and lapis lazuli were listed as birthstones in December, symbolizing victory, good luck and ensuring success.