What are the stories and legends about famous diamonds?
Kionor
? Whoever owns it will own the whole world; Whoever owns it has to bear the disaster it brings. Only God or woman has it and will not suffer any punishment. ? We are talking about Mingshan diamonds here. Mountain of light? Originated in India, babur, a Mongolian aristocrat, occupied this place in the 6th century A.D./KLOC and killed the local landowner who owned this diamond. However, babur's son Humayong staged a coup and put his father in a cage. He became the new owner of this sharp diamond. Humayun went into exile in Persia because of the failure of the civil war. In return, will he? Mountain of light? Dedicated to King Tamas of Persia. Soon, Tamas stepped down because of the turmoil in the domestic situation. Jia Hanwang, the descendant of Humayun, attacked Persia and got this diamond. He was seriously ill. He was imprisoned to death by the usurper's son. ? 65438+In 1930s, King Nadir of Persia occupied India and got this diamond. Three months after he got the diamond, he was infected with edema, which made him lose his mind. He stabbed five sons in the eyes one after another, and was assassinated by his enemy while sleeping in 1747. After Nadir's death, successive kings will kill each other and die. When the diamond reached Singer, she gave it to Queen Victoria of England to avoid bad luck. When the diamonds were sent to England, the cargo ship was hit by cholera and tsunami just after sailing. After receiving the diamonds, the Queen ordered them to be set in the corsage. 1852, the diamond was polished again and its weight was reduced to 105.6 carats. Since then? Mountain of light? Become the most dazzling diamond on the cross at the top of the queen's crown. Now it lies quietly in a museum in London.
Blue hope?
Blue Hope is a huge blue diamond found in India. After rough machining, it still weighs 1 12.5 carats. French jeweler Leonardo da Vinci exchanged jadeite from India for $330,000 worth of gems, including this precious blue diamond, 44 large diamonds and 1 122 small diamonds, which is called the blue of Leonardo da Vinci. After he returned to France, he presented the blue diamond to King Louis XIV of France and cut it into a heart shape again, weighing 67,438+025 carats. Crown blue diamond? . Leonardo da vinci also awarded the title of Baron. But soon, Louis' favorite grandson died suddenly. His early glory began to decline, and he married a religious fanatic, Manon. She brought many misfortunes to Louis' life. ? Louis XVI has this piece now? Crown blue diamond? Soon after, he and Queen Mary? Antoinette was guillotined in the storm of the French Revolution. 1792 during the great revolution, the French treasury was looted, and the whereabouts of this blue diamond were unknown for a time. During this period, the Spanish painter Goyer painted a picture of the Spanish queen Maria? In Louisa's portrait, she wears a jewel, which looks like the missing diamond. At that time, it was speculated that French royalists might get it abroad and give it to the Spanish, or the Spanish bought it from thieves. 1830 this blue diamond, which has been missing for 38 years, reappears in the Netherlands and belongs to a diamond cutter William? Fowles owns it. In order to prevent the French government from investigating, he cut the diamond into its present shape, weighing 44.4 carats. Later, Fowles' son Handlik stole the diamond from his father and took it to London. There, he committed suicide, and no one knows why he committed suicide. A few years later, Philip Hope, a British jewellery collector, bought this diamond for $90,000, hence its name? Hope? . 1839, Henry? Philip Hope died suddenly. His nephew Thomas? Hope inherited it? Hope? Diamonds He put diamonds on display in the exhibition hall of Crystal Palace. ?
Xian Xi?
Xianxi diamond is recognized as one of the top ten famous diamonds in the world. It is said that Xianxi diamond originated from ancient India and originally belonged to the Valois dynasty of the French Burgundy Principality. Xianxi Diamond was the last monarch of the dynasty during the 1477 war. Bold Charles? Lost it? Bold Charles? The duke also died in this war. ? About 1570, an emissary named Harry Shensi bought this diamond. Later, he lent it to the French emperor Henry III and put it on his hat. Henry IV also used it as a mortgage to raise funds for armament expansion, and made Harry Shen Si a senior financial official. After being appointed as the British ambassador, it was sold to Elizabeth I? Then go to James I, Charles I, charles ii, James II? Then sold to the French king Louis XIV (Louis? 14).? From then on, Xianxi was circulated among the French royal family until the French Revolution, when 1792 the royal jewels were stolen and diamonds were lost. 1828, Russian Wang Zidan Milo once wore a cassiopeia diamond. 1865 sold to a wealthy Indian businessman, 1906 sold to William? Astor bought this diamond as his son's wedding gift, and his daughter-in-law lent it to the French museum for exhibition. 1964 William? Astor's daughter-in-law died, and the British government claimed that Xianxi was a national treasure of the British royal family. Today, this diamond is still in the hands of the French government and can be seen in the Louvre in France.
On the Formation Principle of Diamonds
Some people say that diamonds are diamonds, but this statement is completely wrong (their difference is equivalent to the relationship between wood and furniture). Diamonds are just products of diamond processing. Modern science, technology and means provide new ideas and methods for exploring the formation of diamond. Diamonds are the hardest and simplest gems in the world. It is a cubic natural crystal composed of carbon. Its composition is basically the same as our common coal, pencil lead and sugar. Under high temperature and pressure, carbon element crystallizes to form graphite (black), while under high temperature, extremely high pressure and reducing environment (usually anoxic environment), it crystallizes to become precious diamond (colorless). In order to understand the origin of diamonds, first look at the original rocks containing diamonds.
Since the discovery of diamonds in India, we have been hearing stories about people finding diamonds on rivers and beaches. This is because the original rock containing diamonds located in the upper reaches of the river is weathered and broken, and the diamonds are taken downstream with the water flow, and the heavier diamonds are buried in the gravel. What is the original stone of a diamond? 1870, diamonds were dug up in the loess of a farm in South Africa. After that, the excavation of diamonds moved from the river bed to the loess. Below the loess is a hard dark blue rock, which is the original stone of diamonds, kimberlite. What is kimberlite? Kimberlite is an alkaline ultrabasic volcanic rock, which is formed in the deep part of the earth and contains a lot of volatile components such as carbonic acid gas. This kind of rocks often contain peridotite and eclogite fragments from the deep earth, and the main mineral components are olivine, phlogopite, carbonate, pyroxene and garnet. The study shows that kimberlite magma was formed in the deep part of the earth below 150 km. Because this rock was first discovered in Kimberly, South Africa, it was named after this place name.
Another kind of original rock containing diamonds is called K-Mg lamprophyre, which is an overbased magnesian volcanic rock. It is mainly formed by leucite and volcanic glass, and may contain minerals such as pyroxene and olivine. Its typical origin is argyle, Western Australia.
Through the study of diamonds and their primary inclusion minerals from different mines in the world, scientists found that the formation conditions of diamonds are generally 4.5-6.0Gpa (equivalent to 150-200km depth) and1100-1500℃. Although diamonds can be formed in various periods/stages of the earth's history in theory, most of the mines currently mined were mainly formed in two periods: 3.3 billion years ago and12-1700 million years ago. For example, some diamonds in South Africa are about 4.5 billion years old, indicating that these diamonds began to crystallize in the deep part of the earth shortly after its birth. Diamonds are the oldest gems in the world. The formation of diamonds needs a long historical process, which mainly started from the ancient times when diamonds were mainly produced on the earth.
The old stable mainland area can be confirmed. In addition, the impact of extraterrestrial stars on the earth can produce instantaneous high temperature and high pressure, and can also form diamonds. For example, the report of the former Soviet Academy of Sciences 1988 found diamonds in meteorites, but the diamonds formed by this action have no economic value.
Rare diamonds are mainly produced in two kinds of rocks, one is peridotite and the other is eclogite, but only the former has economic significance. So far, there are two kinds of peridotite containing diamond: kimberlite (named after kimberlite, a place name in South Africa) and K-Mg lamprophyre. Both kinds of rocks are produced by volcanic eruption. Rocks formed deep in the earth are brought to the surface or the shallow layer of the earth by volcanic activity. This magma is mostly produced in the form of rock tubes, so it is commonly known as? Tube mine? (that is, primary ore). Kimberlite or K-Mg lamprophyre containing diamond is exposed to the earth's surface and weathered and broken by external forces such as wind and rain. Under the scouring of water, the broken protoliths and diamonds are taken to the riverbed and even the coastal zone for reproduction, forming alluvial sand deposits (or secondary deposits).