1, forceps
2, 10 times magnifying glass:
10 magnification magnifying glass is an essential tool for identifying gems. In fact, quality inspectors use it when identifying many types of projects. 10 Magnification Magnifier consists of three lenses. The qualified 10 magnification magnifier should have high definition, which can eliminate the spherical aberration and chromatic aberration that affect the observation of gems. When in use, hold the magnifying glass in one hand and put it in front of one eye, and hold the jewelry holder with the index finger and thumb in the other hand (if it is bare stone, use gem tweezers) and approach the magnifying glass until the eye can clearly observe the gem. For loose diamonds, carefully clamp them with tweezers to prevent them from falling. The average 10 times magnifying glass is about tens of yuan, and the better one is only a few hundred yuan.
3. As a lighting tool, spotlight pen flashlight can be used as a lighting power supply in identification, which is very important for observing the surface and internal contents and structure of gemstones. This belongs to consumables. Ordinary gem lovers and sellers always have a flashlight.
4. Refractometer
Refractometer is a very important gem identification instrument, and its design purpose is to read the refractive index of the gem to be measured quickly, accurately and lossless. Each gem has its corresponding refractive index, such as jadeite 1.66, ruby and sapphire 1.762~ 1.770, aquamarine 1.577~ 1.583, tourmaline/kloc. By accurately measuring the refractive index of the gemstone, we can roughly determine what kind of gemstone the gemstone to be tested may be, and then determine the species of the gemstone by combining other identification methods.
5. Gem microscope:
Gem microscope is generally one of the necessary identification and testing instruments in gem laboratory, which has a wide range of uses. The surface and internal features of the gem can be seen at a glance after magnification. Gem microscope observes gems by using the working principles of dark field illumination, bright field illumination and vertical illumination through the built-in light source, and the magnification is generally 10 to 70 times. It plays an important role in distinguishing natural gemstones from synthetic gemstones and imitation gemstones, and is also effective in observing the purity of gemstones. Gemmological microscope can also be used to measure the approximate refractive index and absorption spectrum of some gems, as well as micrographs of gems in the gemological professional appraisal room. Because of its relatively high price, it can be equipped according to the actual situation.
6. Polarizer
Polarizer plays an important role in distinguishing isotropic body, anisotropic body and aggregate. For example, garnet is isotropic, and its field of vision should be completely dark when rotating under the polarizer, while ruby is anisotropic, and it should be four bright and four dark when rotating under the polarizer, while jadeite is a polycrystalline aggregate, and its field of vision should be completely bright when rotating under the polarizer.
7. Charles filter
Charles color filter consists of two color filters, which are characterized in that the color filters can only pass dark red and yellow-green light, while all other light is absorbed. Charles filter was first used to distinguish natural emeralds from their imitations, because emeralds are red under the filter, while other green imitations are still green. In addition, it is also practical in the detection of artificially dyed gems and synthetic gems. For example, dyed jadeite and blue glass are red under the color filter, but some gems are not obvious under the color filter. For example, the color change of dyed quartzite is not obvious under the color filter. Therefore, the identification results of Charles filter are generally only of reference value.
The third generation Charles color filter, because of its special lenses, is made of glass that never fades, so we don't have to worry that one day we won't see the dyed gems. Moreover, this special glass itself deepens the color filtering effect, which can also be seen for some very shallow dyeing. In addition, a set of 30 times wide-angle optical gemstone magnifying glass has been added, which is more convenient for collectors to observe the internal structure of jadeite and gemstones, the quality of carving technology and so on. Optical characteristics: transmitting crimson light and a small amount of yellow-green light, absorbing green light and other colors. Because it has the characteristics of transmitting colored light and absorbing colored light, it provides great help for us to identify various dyed green gems and blue gems, especially the dyed skin of Hetian jade and the dyed skin of antique jade, which saves collectors a lot of opportunities to be fooled.
8, ultraviolet fluorescent lamp:
The function of ultraviolet fluorescent lamp is to detect whether the gem has fluorescence and phosphorescence. Natural rubies show beautiful red color under ultraviolet fluorescent lamp, and most diamonds also show fluorescence of various colors under ultraviolet lamp, such as orange, yellow, green, blue and purple, while some gems have no fluorescence, such as sapphire and garnet, which can play a certain enlightening role in gem identification.
The ultraviolet lamp can also help to identify gem varieties, distinguish some natural gems from synthetic gems, identify diamonds and their imitations, judge whether gems have been artificially optimized, and judge the origin of some natural gems.
9. Electronic balance
Used to measure the specific gravity of gems. Different gems have different densities. For example, the proportion of ruby and sapphire is about 4, that of jadeite is 3.34, and that of nephrite is 2.95. Sometimes it is very effective to identify gems only by measuring their specific gravity, but because of their large size, they cannot be carried around, so they have limitations.
12, strong flashlight
Strong light flashlight is easy to operate and easy to carry, and it is an essential tool for employees in jewelry industry.
The above instruments are commonly used in gem identification, and are also available in various identification centers. However, in real life, we can't take these instruments to the jewelry market to measure, and then distinguish the types and authenticity of gems. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate the first impression for jewelry appraisal. In other words, when we see a gem, we should be able to basically determine what it is. This is a feeling that needs long-term experience accumulation. Many sellers have also cultivated this ability in their long-term operation. For example, some jade sellers have not received any training, but after a long-term struggle in the front line of jade trading, they have accumulated considerable experience in jade identification, and they can identify the authenticity without borrowing any instruments. Some professional jewelry appraisers are ashamed of this insight.