The Ming Tombs are located at the foot of Tianshou Mountain in Changping District, Beijing, with a total area of 120 square kilometers, about 50 kilometers away from Tiananmen Square. The Ming Tombs are located in a small basin surrounded by mountains in the east, west and north, surrounded by mountains on all sides, with a plain in the middle and a winding river in front. From the establishment of Changling Mausoleum in May of the seventh year of Yongle (1409) to the burial of the last emperor Chongzhen in Siling, 13 imperial tombs, 7 tombs of concubines and 1 tomb of eunuchs were built successively, which lasted for more than 230 years. * * * buried thirteen emperors, twenty-three queens, two princes, more than thirty concubines and two eunuchs. By 20 1 1, the scenic spots that have been opened are Changling, Dingling, Zhaoling and Lu Shen.
Every time you pass by Xiguan in Changping when you take the expressway to Badaling, you will see the statue of Li Zicheng in the middle of Xiguan roundabout.
The statue was first seen at Xiaoying intersection, and later moved to Changping.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, made Nanjing his capital and was buried in Zhongshan, Nanjing after his death, known as the "Ming Mausoleum" in history. The second emperor Zhu Yunwen (his uncle Judy) sent troops to Nanjing in the name of "Jingnan" (to relieve the danger for the emperor), and his whereabouts are unknown. Some people say it is a monk, but his whereabouts are unknown (this is an unsolved case in the history of the Ming Dynasty), so there is no mausoleum. The seventh emperor, Zhu Qiyu, was captured by his younger brother, Emperor Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, who had no master in the palace. According to the wishes of the queen mother and ministers, he was awarded the throne. Later, Yingzong was put back, and under the planning of his cronies, he carried out a "change to seize the door." The restoration of the British Sect once again proclaimed himself emperor. After Zhu Qiyu was killed, Yingzong refused to recognize him as the emperor and destroyed the mausoleum built in Tianshou Mountain area. He was buried as a "king" in Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs of Beijing. In this way, two of the sixteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty were buried elsewhere, one was unaccounted for, and the other thirteen were buried in Tianshou Mountain, so they were called the "Ming Tombs".
Changling-Yongle Emperor Judy
Changling
The Ming Changling Mausoleum is the first mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, and it is the mausoleum promised by the founding emperor and empress of the Ming Dynasty. It is located at the south foot of the main peak of Tianshou Mountain in Changping District, Beijing. Ming Changling Mausoleum was built in the seventh year of Yongle (1409), which is the largest and earliest mausoleum in the Ming Tombs. The cemetery is large in scale, strict in materials, elaborate in construction, numerous in projects and long in construction time, which lasted for four years only in the underground palace. Ground buildings are also the best preserved. The building area of Changling Mausoleum Palace is about 6.5438+0.2 million square meters. Its plane layout is circular. The square in front of it consists of three courtyards connected in front and back. It is the ancestral mausoleum in the Ming Tombs and one of the most important tourist attractions in the mausoleum area. 196 1 was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Lingen Hall is the place where the heir emperor offered sacrifices to Emperor Yongle. It was built on a three-story platform carved with white marble and paved with gold bricks. Nine halls (66.56m) wide and five halls (29.12m) deep, symbolizing the status of the Ninth Five-Year Plan Emperor. All the wooden pieces are made of golden nanmu, which is antique. Sixty Jin Sinan wooden pillars with a diameter of more than one meter and a height of more than ten meters support the roof of the 2,300-square-meter double-eaved palace, which is magnificent and unparalleled in the world. The thickest double-eaved gold pillar is 12.58 meters high and its base diameter reaches 1. 124 meters, which is a rare exquisite wood in the world.
Xianling-Renzong Hongxi Zhu Gaochi
Obvious spirit
Ming Xian Mausoleum is the tomb of the fourth emperor and empress Zhang of Ming Dynasty in China. Buried with Guo Tomb, Guo Tomb is located in Tianshou Mountain at the foot of Yanshan Mountain in Changping District, northwest suburb of Beijing, and is one of the Ming Tombs. The construction of the Xian Mausoleum began after the death of Injong. On his deathbed, Injong wrote an imperial edict: "Since I am facing the sun, I don't appreciate the people and I can't bear to work hard. The Shanling system is frugal. " It took only three months from July of the first year of Hongxi to the completion of Xuan Ying and the burial of Injong. Ground buildings are also under construction. In August, ordered by the Ministry of Industry, the gatehouse, palace, left and right halls and kitchen were built. In the seventh year of the Orthodox Church (1442), Jianming Building was built in December, and the mausoleum was built in March of the following year. Participating in the construction of the cemetery are the sergeant 1 10,000 commanded by Nanjing Xiangcheng Garrison, the craftsman1kloc-0/8,000 of Weibei Army near Nanjing Shipyard, and 50,000 civilian workers recruited by Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhili, Fengyang, Daming and other counties.
Jingling-Xuanzong Xuande Zhu Zhanji
rise high
Ming Jingling refers to the tombs of Zhu Zhanji, the fifth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Sun Shi, the empress of the Ming Dynasty. Located at the foot of Tianshou Shandong Peak (also known as Montenegro), it was built by more than 65,438+10,000 people, 14, and was completed in March, 63.
Yuling-British Orthodox Zhu Qizhen
Mingyuling
Ming Yuling is located at the south foot of Shimen, the west peak of Tianshou Mountain in the Ming Tombs. It is the burial tomb of Ming Yingzong, the sixth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Qian and Zhou, the empresses. Yuling has been broken after years of wind and rain, and it was completely repaired at 200 1. Yuling was founded on February 29th, the eighth year of Tianshun after the death of Yingzong (1464). Eunuchs suspection.i, Fu and Yong, ministers of the Ministry of Industry, assistant ministers Kuai Xiang and Lu Xiang were ordered to supervise the work. More than 80,000 military and civilian craftsmen participated in the construction. The cemetery only took nearly four months from construction to completion. The buildings in Yuling were renovated in 50-52 years of Qing Dynasty (1785- 1787), and the situation was the same as that in Xianling. In the Republic of China, the pit temple was demolished in the war, and the pit gate was burned down in the sixth year of the Republic of China (19 17). Now the gates of the mausoleum are in ruins, and the rest of the buildings are well preserved.
Maoling-Xianzong Chenghua Zhu Jianshen
Mingmaoling
Located at the foot of Jubaoshan Mountain on the right side of Ming Tombs and Ming Yuling Tombs, the Ming Tomb is the burial tomb of Ming Xianzong, the eighth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and three empresses Wang, Ji and Shao. In the twenty-third year of Chenghua (1487), he died on August 22nd at the age of 4 1. Mausoleum No.983 was buried in the same year1February 17. Maoling was built in September 1487, and in February 65438 of the same year, and was buried in Tang Xianzong and Jijia. 1488 The mausoleum was completed in April, which lasted eight months. The shape of Maoling cemetery is roughly the same as that of Yuling, but the scale is slightly larger. There are tread marks in both left and right directions behind Baocheng glazed wall, which is different from other tombs.
Tailing-Xiaozong Zhu Hongzhi Youtang
Ming Tailing
Ming Tailing Mausoleum, also known as Shijiatai or Shijiashan, is located at the southern foot of Bijia Mountain in Changping District, Beijing. It is the mausoleum of Zhu Shitang, the ninth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Zhang Xiaokang, the empress.
Five Cases of Zhengdekang Mausoleum in Zhu Houzhao
Mingkangling
Ming Kangling Mausoleum, located at the eastern foot of Lotus Mountain in Tianshou Mausoleum, Changping, is the burial tomb of Zhu Houzhao, the tenth emperor of Ming Dynasty, and Shi Xia, the empress. The construction of the mausoleum took 1 year, and the overall layout followed the system of the previous dynasty, showing a round shape. Kangling is the tomb with the largest number of brick carvings among the Ming Tombs found at present. The mausoleum was built in the 16th year of Zhengde (152 1), covering an area of 27,000 square meters. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Kangling was burned and repaired during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.
Yongling-Sejong Jiajing Zhu Houzong
Yongling
Ming Yongling Mausoleum is located at the southern foot of Yangcuiling Mountain in Tianshou Mountain, Changping District, Beijing. It is the tomb of the 1 1 th emperor and three empresses Chen, Fang and Du of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Houzong's title "Jiajing", known as Emperor Jiajing in history, reigned for 45 years, which was the longest among the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, second only to Emperor Zhu Yijun of Zongshen, who reigned for 48 years. Due to Zhu Houzong's long reign, the building scale of Emperor Jiajing's Yongling is second only to that of Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, and it has been well preserved so far.
Yongling, with its unique architecture and large scale, is a representative mausoleum among the Ming Tombs. Yongling is famous for its possible burial with Yongle Grand Ceremony.
Zhaoling, Zhu Zaihou, Qin Long, Mu Zong
Mingzhaoling
Ming Zhaoling, located in Changping District, Beijing, is one of the Ming Tombs. At the foot of Dayu Mountain are the tombs of Mu Zong Zhu Zaihou, the 12th emperor of Ming Dynasty, and his three empresses. The Zhaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty was destroyed repeatedly in history, and was restored in April 1987 by/kloc-0 and completed in June 1992 by/kloc-0. It is the first large-scale restored cemetery in the Ming Tombs, and it is also one of the tourist attractions officially opened in the Mausoleum.
Dingling of Zongshen Wanli-Zhu Yijun
Mingdingling
Mingding Mausoleum is the tomb of Zhu Yijun (Wanli), the 13th emperor of Ming Dynasty. His two empresses (Xiao Duan and Xiao Jing) are also buried here. Dingling is located at the foot of Dayu Mountain, southwest of Changling. It was built in 1584 ~ 1590 (from the 12th year of Wanli to the 18th year of Wanli). The main buildings in Dingling include Pit Gate, Pit Temple, Baocheng, Minglou and Underground Palace, covering an area of 182000 square meters. This is an excavated tomb in the Ming Tombs. During the Cultural Revolution, Dingling was criticized as a ghost, and the bones and coffins of Emperor Wanli and two empresses were destroyed. And because people's awareness of cultural relics protection was not strong at that time and the specific historical period at that time (mainly referring to the break between the Cultural Revolution and capitalism), a large number of silk fabrics unearthed in Dingling were not effectively protected and quickly weathered. Therefore, the excavation of Dingling is also considered as a great tragedy in archaeological history.
Empress Xiao Duanxian (1564- 1620), whose real name is Huang, was born in Yuyao (now Yuyao, Zhejiang) and was born in the capital, and her father was Yongnian Wang Wei. Sister Wang Xi was the only queen personally appointed during the 48-year reign of Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun. In April of the forty-eighth year of Wanli (1620), Wang Xi's sister, who ate and slept with Ming Shenzong at that time, failed to take medicine after years of efforts and died at the age of 57. She is the filial piety queen of posthumous title. After 42 years of self-reliance, he has a good reputation of kindness and filial piety (1578- 1620). China is the longest reigning queen in history. Sad Ming Shenzong fell ill five days later and died in July of the same year. Ming Guangzong ascended the throne and was honored as filial piety, but Zhuang Huiren was superior to Tian Yu and sages. Guangzong was in power for more than a month and suddenly collapsed. After Ming Xizong ascended the throne, he had time to book treasures and buried Ming Shenzong Dingling, the temple of God.
1 Liu Longsan rockhopper
The filial piety queen's crest is 35.5 cm high and the crown bottom is about 20 cm in diameter. Dragons are made of gold, and phoenixes are faint jade (handicrafts decorated with kingfisher feathers). Among them, the crown is decorated with three dragons: the middle dragon has a bead pendant in its mouth, facing forward; On both sides, the dragons are outward, and there is a cloud made of filigree craft below, and the faucet is decorated with long jewelry strings. Before the Three Dragons, there were three peaks in the middle layer. Phoenix shapes are all in the shape of spreading wings and flying, and the jewel drops in the mouth are slightly shorter. The other three dragons are decorated in the middle position behind the crown, all of which make a flying gesture. The lower layer of the crown is decorated with large and small beads, with red and sapphire inlaid in the middle and green clouds and leaves around. Behind the crown, there is a temple in the left and right directions. Besides a golden dragon, each fan is decorated with Cui Yun, green leaves and beaded flowers, and beaded around them. The whole rockhopper has 128 inlaid gems (including 7 1 ruby and 57 sapphires) and 5449 decorative pearls. Because of the symmetrical arrangement of dragons and phoenixes, pearls and temples, the dragons and phoenixes are vivid, jeweled and dazzling, which makes the rockhopper give people a dignified, beautiful and harmonious artistic feeling, thus best reflecting the noble position of the queen's mother instrument in the world.
2 Kowloon Jiu Feng View
Filial piety queen Guan Feng is 27 cm high, 23.7 cm in diameter and weighs 2320 grams. It has more than 3500 pearls and 150 stones of various colors. This crown is made of lacquer bamboo, and the fabric is made of silk and silk. The front part is decorated with nine golden dragons, and the beads are dripping. Golden Wind Eight, followed by a golden phoenix, Kowloon Jiufeng. The left and right decorative points at the lower part of the rear side are inlaid with golden dragon balls and three temples. This luxurious wind crown is inlaid with more than 100 rubies and more than 5000 pearls.
Wang (1565 February 27th-161June1October 18), Empress Dowager Xiaojing, Han nationality, (originally from Xuanhua, Hebei Province, now belongs to Huai 'an County, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province). There are also Ming Guangzong and Yunmeng Princess Zhu Xuan. Wang Gongfei was originally a maid-in-waiting of Cining Palace. In the ninth year of Wanli (158 1), Ming Shenzong went to visit Li Taihou (Ming Shenzong's biological mother) in Cining Palace. She was spoiled and gave birth to a boy on a whim, that is, Zhu Changluo, the Ming Emperor. In the 10th year of Wanli (1582), she was promoted to imperial concubine, and in the 34th year of Wanli (1606), she was promoted to imperial concubine in the same year. He died in September in the thirty-ninth year of Wanli (16 1). After his grandson Ming Xizong ascended the throne, he made her queen. Because the maharaja and the queen mother have been firmly supporting her son to be the crown prince for more than 30 years, against my will, Wang has been hit in all aspects and led a miserable life. She has been ignored by her husband, persecuted by her favorite concubine, bullied by female slaves and imprisoned for a long time; Finally, I cried my eyes blind and died of grief and indignation.
Three dragons and two rockhoppers.
The crested phoenix in filial piety to the Empress Dowager is 26.5cm high and 23cm in diameter. There are more than 0/00 pieces of ruby and sapphire/kloc-for rockhopper, and more than 5,000 large and small pearls, which are bright in color and magnificent, making them the crown of treasures.
4 Twelve Dragons and Nine Cocktails
The phoenix crown of Empress Xiaojing is decorated with twelve dragons and phoenixes, with Yi Long at the top of the front, seven dragons in the middle and five phoenixes below; Yi Long in the upper part of the back and Sanlong in the lower part; There is a phoenix on each side. Dragons hold their heads high, stand upright, walk or run at full speed, and have different postures. Below the dragon is the emerald phoenix spreading its wings and flying. Both dragons and phoenixes are decorated with jewelry strings, and the lower part of dragons and phoenixes is decorated with beads. Each gem is embedded with 1 or 6, 7 and 9 in the center, and each gem surrounds the beads once or twice. In addition, 90 Cui Yun and 74 green leaves were decorated between the dragon and the phoenix. The crown gold ring is decorated with a jewelry band for one week, with gold bars at the edge and 12 gems in the middle. Each gem is decorated with 6 pearls, and the gems are separated by beads. There are six spools, and each spool is decorated with 1 golden dragon, 2 gem flowers and 3 pearl flowers, with beads hanging on the side. The whole crown has 12 1 gem and 3588 pearls. The small ruby of 18 is embedded in the phoenix eye.
Qingling-Guangzong Taichang Zhu Changluo
Mingqingling
Located in the northwest of Changling 1.5 km and Xianling's 0.5 km in the Ming Tombs, the Qingling Tomb is the burial tomb of the 14th emperor and empress Guo, Wang and Liu of the Ming Dynasty. The Qingling Mausoleum was originally built by Zhu Qiyu, Ming Taizu. Zhu Qiyu, Emperor Jingtai, was the son of Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty and the younger brother of Ming Yingzong. After the civil reform, Ming Yingzong was captured and his brother Zhu Qiyu supervised the country. Later, he was made emperor with the title of Jingtai. Respecting Yingzong as the emperor's father, a year later, Yingzong was put back and lived in Nangong. Emperor Jingtai was buried in Xishan, Beijing, according to the specifications of the prince, not the Ming Tombs. Who knows that more than one hundred years have passed, and on the site of this mausoleum, the Qingling Mausoleum of Zhu Changluo, the Ming Emperor Guangzong, was established. At that time, due to the sudden death of Zhu Changluo, the emperor of Ming Guangzong (who was only emperor for 29 days), his national strength was empty, and Ming Shenzong, the father of Ming Guangzong, had never been buried, and he had no time to build a mausoleum for himself. Therefore, it was too late to choose Jirang and Bushouling when building the mausoleum, so we had to use the mausoleum site of Emperor Jingtai to rebuild the abandoned Zhu Qiyuling in Ming Daizong for more than 60 years. This is the anniversary today. "Xizong in Ming Dynasty" contains: "In September, I was buried in Qingling."
Revelation of Deling-Xizong Zhu Youxiao
ming de ling
Mingde Mausoleum is the burial tomb of the 15th Emperor and Empress Zhang of Ming Dynasty. It is located at the west foot of Tan Yuling, the tomb of Tianshou Mountain. It was built in September of the seventh year of the Apocalypse (A.D. 1627), and Gong Xuan was completed in March of the first year of Chongzhen (A.D. 1628). The ground building was completed in February of five years, which took five years. Covers an area of about 3 1 1,000 square meters. Deling is the last mausoleum built in Ming Dynasty.
Zong Yi Chongzhen Zhu Youjian
Ming Siling
Ming Siling, or Siling for short, is located in Tianshou Mountain, Changping District, Beijing. Buried with Ming Sizong, Zhou and Tian Guifei, it is one of the Ming Tombs. Mausoleum was built in 1642. It turned out to be the imperial concubine garden bed of four favorite concubines Tian Guifei. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng ordered Ming Sizong and his empress Zhou to be buried in Tian Guifei's tomb. In order to win people's hearts, it was renamed Siling, making Siling the only tomb in the Ming Tombs where the emperor and his concubine were buried together. Compared with the Ming Tombs, the scale of Siling is smaller. Near Siling, there is also the tomb of Wang Chengen, the personal eunuch of Ming Sizong. The emperor shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty also erected a monument for Wang Chengen in recognition of his loyalty and sacrifice. Ming Sizong was the fifth son of Zhu Changluo, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty. /kloc-0 ascended the throne on August 24th, 628.1March 7th, 644, the capital of the Ming dynasty was attacked by the peasant army of Li Zicheng. Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in despair in Jingshan of the Forbidden City and was buried in Siling.
the end
Seek history and look at historical sites. I really feel a lot.