In the 28th year of Hui Zong in Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to lead the army northward and arrived in Tongzhou in July. Hui Yuan Zong ordered Timur, King Huai, not to spend time supervising the country, and left Jiandemen with his concubines, princes and princesses, fled to the north and took refuge in Shangdu.
On the second day of August, the Ming army captured most of Qihuamen and entered the city. Ming Taizu was renamed Beiping. Because of the yuan dynasty, there were few residents in the north of the city, and the terrain was empty, so the soldiers in the city could not rely on it when defending.
Therefore, shortly after the siege of Xu Da, that is, in the first year of Hongwu, an additional earth wall was built in the north of the city, and the city wall was changed to zigzag layout, so that the northern section of the city wall was close to densely populated areas, and soldiers guarding the city in wartime could plan food and clothing calmly.
Because the western end of the newly-built city wall is in the riverbed, it inclines from the west to the southwest of today's Deshengmen, resulting in the pattern of missing corners in the northwest of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In the fourth year of Hongwu, the wall of Yuandadu, north of this new wall, was abandoned, as were the Anzhen Gate and Jiande Gate on the original north wall, and the Guimen and Qingqing Gate on the northernmost east-west wall. These four towers, as well as government offices and houses outside the city, were demolished.
However, although the North Wall of the Yuan Dynasty was abandoned, it was not demolished, and it still played the role of guarding the city. Until Jiajing dynasty changed to Anda, there were still Ming troops stationed in Tucheng. Beiping has always been the residence of Judy, the prince of Yan.
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The most striking feature of the new town planning in Yuan Dynasty is to determine the urban pattern with the water surface as the center, which may be related to the traditional habit and deep consciousness of Mongolian nomads living on aquatic plants.
Because the palace is surrounded by water, the south side of the new city is limited by the old city, and most of the urban areas have to move northward. The commercial city of Yuandadu New Town is scattered in the urban area around the imperial city and the residential area at the gate of the city.
Among them, Dongcheng District is the center of official residence and aristocratic residence, and there are many commercial markets, such as Dongcheng, Shi Jiao City, Wenji City, Zhizha City and Boot City. The nature of the commercial market clearly reflects the needs of officials.
North City opened Tonghui River in Guo Shoujing, making Haizi the end of the North-South Grand Canal and forming a prosperous business district along the coast. The diagonal street on the north bank of Haizi is even more lively.
All kinds of KTV pubs and daily necessities are gathered here, such as rice market, bazaar, hat market, satin market, fur hat market, gold and silver jewelry market, iron market, goose and duck market and so on.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuandadu