According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a Chu man, saw the phoenix perched on the bluestone in Jingshan (now Nanzhang County, Hubei Province). The ancients once said that "the phoenix does not fall without treasure", so it was dedicated to Li, the king of Chu, and was identified as a stone by jade workers. Bian He's left foot was cut off because he cheated the monarch. Chu Wuwang acceded to the throne, Bian He to present a treasure, or lost his right foot. When King Chu Wen arrived, Bian He held the jade and wept bitterly at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. King Wen ordered people to cut it open to get Baoyu, which was carved into jade and called "Heshibi".
400 years later, Chu showed Zhao Yang, destroyed Zhao and defeated Wei, and Wang Wei gave Zhao Yang the color of harmony. One day, Zhaoyang led 100 guests to visit Chishan, and at everyone's request, they went out to have a look together. At that time, there were more than a foot long fish in the deep pool below the mountain, and countless small fish jumped out of the water. Everyone scrambled to see the miracle, even the party broke up and Cui disappeared. Zhang Yi, an unsuccessful strategist at that time, was in Zhaoyangmen. Many people suspected that "I was poor and had no business, so I would steal the jade of the monarch, and * * * held Zhang Yi hostage and plundered hundreds", but He Yu never fell behind.
Imperial palace imperial seal
Ganlong Yuxi
More than 50 years later, Miao Xianou, the eunuch of Zhao State, bought Heshibi for 500 gold. Zhao Huiwen heard the news and took it for himself. Qin Xiang learned that He Shibi was in Zhao, so he exchanged 15 for Shibi. The prince of Zhao was helpless, so he sent Lin Xiangru to make Qin. Lin lived up to his mission and designed "Return to Zhao in perfect condition". After 6 1 year, Zhao was destroyed by Qin, and he shibi fell into Qin. Qin and Ying Zheng unified China and became the "first emperor". Emperor Baoxi naturally chose the unique treasure in the world. So the first emperor appointed Li Simo and Shi Bi, the prime ministers, as imperial seals, so they wanted to be handed down from generation to generation, so they were called "national seals". In 2 19 BC, Qin Shihuang took a dragon boat to Dongting Xiangshan. The wind and waves suddenly broke out, and the dragon boat was about to capsize. Qin Shihuang is busy throwing the national seal into the lake to worship the waves in the town. Eight years later, the messenger crossed Pingshu Road in Huayin, and someone held the wall and said, "Leave me some legacy." The national seal was lost and found again. It is difficult to distinguish between true and false, which has become an eternal mystery.
Liu Bangling led the troops into Xianyang, and the king of Qin "seized the imperial seal". Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, "take it from generation to generation and accept it from generation to generation", and posthumous title "Han Xi".
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped government. The little emperor Liu Ying was only two years old at that time, and the seal was kept by Wang Mang's aunt Han. Mang ordered his brother Wang Shun to enter Changle Palace for printing. Later, Shun angrily denounced: "However, the father and son are clansmen, rich and glorious ... When it is convenient, they will seize the national seal and no longer care about kindness. In this case, dogs and pigs won't eat the rest! " (Biography of Hou Yuan in Han Shu) immediately stamped the seal on the "land of investment". The national seal is missing a corner, inlaid with gold, but it is not perfect. It is the treasure of the world and has left a flaw mark since then. Guangwu zhongxing, "Mang defeated, to seal off and start again", and then returned to Liu Xiu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ten generals made an insurrection, and Emperor Shao of the Han Dynasty took refuge at night, but he didn't bring his official seal in a hurry. After returning to the palace, I found that the official seal was missing.
Soon, "18-route warlord begged Dong Zhuo", Changsha satrap Sun Jian attacked Luoyang, fished out the body of the maid-in-waiting from the Zhenguan well in the south of the city, and took out the imperial seal in the scarlet box with the golden lock closed in the next kit. Fiona Fang is four inches in size, with five dragons engraved on it, and a corner is missing from the side. It is inlaid with gold, and there is a seal on the bottom: "I am destined by heaven to live forever." This article was written by Reese. Sun Jian was given the national seal, but was killed in Xianshan soon. Yuan Shu took Sun Jian's wife, oh, to help her return home, "was taken away by Mrs. Jian". After Yuan Shu's death, his wife helped the coffin run to Lujiang, and Xu Zhang, the ruler of Guangling, snatched the national seal and presented it to Cao Cao according to the precedent of Yuan Shu. The three kingdoms were divided and sealed to Wei. The three countries belong to Jin, and India spread in Jin.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the five lakes and sixteen countries changed frequently. The national seal is like the prey chased by hounds, and it is constantly taken away. Every change of hands is accompanied by bloody killings. Jin Huaidi Yongjia five years, "the national seal fell into the hands of Cong". In the four years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xerox destroyed the former Zhao and the national seal returned to the latter Zhao. After Ran Min killed Shi Zhao, he got the official seal. In 352 AD, Mr. Murong went to Yecheng, Wei State, claiming that Min's wife presented the national seal, named it "Feng Jun", changed the name of the country to "Yuan" and established the Great Yan State (that is, Qianyan). In fact, the official seal at that time was stolen by Dai, the prefect of Puyang, and presented to Jin Mu. Murong Jun just directed a self-deception scam, hoping to maintain his rule with the so-called "destiny". After the national seal returned to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it passed through Qi, Liang, Chen and Sui, and finally fell into the hands of Li Yuan. Since then, the seal has been renamed Bao.
From the discovery of Heshibi to the end of Tang Dynasty, the national seal was circulated for more than 1.620 years. 1000 years has been handed down from generation to generation, which is also rare in world history. Unfortunately, the official seal suddenly disappeared in the Five Dynasties. Song Taizu's "Chen Qiao mutiny" was brewed in the last week, and only got the seal of the second week, but not the official seal.
Because feudal rulers of past dynasties strongly advocated that obtaining the national seal was a kind of "destiny's return" and "auspicious omen", during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, true and false "national seals" were constantly published and discovered. For example, in the third year of Song Shaosheng, Duan Yi in Xianyang dug up ground to build a house in Henan, and he got a seal of "green as blue, moist and shiny" and "carrying five plates of New Zealand", which was verified by Cai Jing, an academician, and other officials 13, and called Zhezong "the official seal of the real Qin Dynasty".
In the 13th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, Mao Zhixue of Hubei County received the national seal from Xiong Yu, the governor of Shaanxi Province, on the bank of Nihe River. But Xiaozong suspected that it was fake "but never used it".
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it is said that the national seal brought into the desert by Yuan Shundi at the end of the Yuan Dynasty was awarded to Tai Su, the queen mother of Yuanli Khan, by Emperor Taizong of Jin last August. Therefore, Emperor Taizong changed the title of "Jin" to "Qing".
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, there were 39 jade seals in the Palace Museum, one of which was called the official seal, which was the "Tianshou Yongchang Order". In A.D. 1746, when Emperor Qianlong ordered 25 seals from him, he excluded this seal. This shows that this is false.
Where is the real national seal? For thousands of years, there have been different opinions. Perhaps with the development of history, one day people can solve the eternal mystery of the disappearance of official seals!