Double-headed, conjoined and three-hole jades appeared as early as the Neolithic Age. Archaeological data show that/kloc-0 collected in Sanguandianzi Village, Lingyuan, Liaoning Province in September 1979, a Neolithic "three-hole jade with a beast's head" in Hongshan Culture looks like a three-hole bridge, with Terriermon reliefs on both sides and a flat bottom. There are three round holes side by side in the center of the vessel, and only two such vessels have been unearthed in Hongshan Culture. ① 1987 The Neolithic Lingjiatan culture "Shuang Hu Tou Yu Huang" was unearthed at TombNo. Lingjiatan 1 in Hanshan, Anhui Province, and it was half-shaped. The two ends of the tiger's head are engraved with negative lines, and the two tigers in the middle are combined into one. It has been proved by textual research that the animal face pattern in the god-man pattern on the jade articles of Liangzhu culture is based on the tiger head. The tiger head on this device is concrete and real, which is the earliest concrete and realistic tiger head image on jade articles so far. (2) Another example is the Neolithic Hongshan Culture "Shuanglong Jade Emperor" unearthed from Hongshan Culture's tomb in Lingyuan, Liaoning Province, which looks like an arc with Yi Long at each end. This is the only known jade unearthed in Hongshan culture, and it is the earliest known jade decorated with the head of Ssangyong. (3) Another example is 1976, the Shang Dynasty's "Round Carved Jade Tiger" unearthed from the female tomb in Yinxu, Anyang, Henan Province, which looks like a crawling tiger with a square head, open teeth, upright ears, official eyes and a slightly concave back. (4) Jade articles with double heads and even figures like this were very common in the Shang Dynasty. This "jade pillow with two heads and three holes" still retains some cultural characteristics of the late Neolithic age.

So, why do you want to make the jade pillow into the shape of Shuang Hu's head? In the process of competing with nature for living space, ancestors have long recognized that the tiger is the king of beasts, powerful and invincible, and has the ability to deter evil spirits. In Taiping Jing, "those who fear are called tigers" (those who fear the same strength), and "Customs Pass Eight", "Draw a tiger at the door to ward off evil spirits". The tiger is a penis, eats ghosts, and can be evil. "As early as the Neolithic Age, the jade pot was listed as one of the' six utensils' of ritual jade. A large number of' jade is six utensils, courtesy of the world, courtesy of the West', which was used by the ancients in ritual occasions such as sacrifices. During the Liangzhu culture period, many jade articles, such as jade cong, jade bi, jade Huang, etc. The pattern of tiger head is adopted, which has become a feature of Liangzhu culture. From Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Han Dynasty, jade articles with tiger patterns appeared more frequently and became more popular in Tang and Song Dynasties. It is precisely because tiger tools are "powerful and invincible, and have the power to deter evil spirits" that they have always been a favorite theme of Chinese people and even become a cultural phenomenon.

The legend about the application of tiger headrest originated in Shang Zhouwang. It is recorded in Collection Notes that in the second year of Emperor Wei Mingdi's reign, a jade tiger headrest was found in the treasure house, which the emperor had heard of in ancient times. The cloud said, "There was a jade tiger pillow in the Han Dynasty, which was given by Yun Dan Chi State. After investigation, there is a symbol of seal script, and the cloud is a pillow, which is also a legacy of Yin. " The tiger is the king of all animals and has the function of exorcising evil spirits. Jade tiger headdress can be put on the pillow to get peace of mind. "Records of Five Elements in the Book of Tang Dynasty": "Wei Houmei tasted like a leopard's head to ward off evil spirits". Tiger and leopard belong to the same family and can be used as evidence. This "three-hole jade pillow with Shuang Hu head connected in parallel" is an outstanding work of jade carving in Shang Dynasty. It is the earliest model of combining historical relics with secular culture by realistic creation method, which embodies the perfect unity of "essence" and "beauty". Exquisiteness is the essence of material, carving and polishing technology; Beauty is the artistic beauty of color, modeling and decoration.

The exquisiteness and exquisiteness of the "double-Hu-tou parallel three-hole jade pillow" gives a strong shock. Its properties are as follows: (1), precious hetian jade is used in bulk, and it has been sent to Guangdong Gold and Silver Jewelry Testing Center for testing as a fiber interwoven structure, with refractive index of 1.60 (field measurement). Infrared detection shows the characteristic absorption peak of Hetian jade, and the identification result is Hetian sapphire. Its weight even reaches 36 1 1g, which is really rare among high ancient jade wares. (2) After thousands of years, brown spots have been formed on the surface of utensils, which are natural and generous and have a strong sense of obsolescence. (3) The length, width, height and radian of the jade pillow meet the standards of human sleeping pillow, and it has a very comfortable feeling. (4) There are three holes connected between the two tiger heads, and the positions of the holes are arranged at equal distances, just like a three-hole bridge, which not only has the aesthetic feeling of the shape of a device, but also plays the role of heat dissipation, and can also reduce the weight of the jade pillow, which is convenient to use. It can be described as ingenuity and harmony between man and nature. (5) The relief pattern of the tiger's head is exquisite in craftsmanship and has the elegant demeanour of Shang Dynasty cultural jade. (6) The artistic creation of container modeling shows its extraordinary splendor and preciousness with its unique design, unique modeling, scientific and reasonable structure and smooth lines. According to textual research, this device should be a jade used by emperors and dignitaries, which has high artistic aesthetic and collection value and can be called a model of harmony between man and nature. Tiger Road and Tiger Mountain in Xiamen

In Xiamen, there are more than a dozen roads named after tigers, such as Huyuan Road, Huzai Mountain Road, Longhushan Road and Huyu Road. In addition, some natural entities, such as Hulun Mountain, Longhu Mountain, Huxi, Hutou Reef and Shihu Reef, are also named after "Tiger". Some places of interest are also named after "Tiger", such as Huxi Cave, south of Huyuan Road and north of Yuping Mountain.

There is also a reservoir in Xiamen, which is also named after the tiger. The reservoir is 2.5 kilometers south of Guankou Town, which is called "Hukongxu Reservoir".

In natural entities, places named after "tigers" are mostly tiger-shaped. For example, the "Tiger Head Mountain" in the west of Siming District is named after the huge stones on the mountain look like tiger heads. The two "Shihu Reef" are located in the northeast of Huli District, and they are named after their large exposed area and shape like obstacles on the water.

Some road names with the word "tiger" are mostly close to or pass through natural entities with the word "tiger". For example, "Huyuan Road" is named because it is close to the foot of Huxi Cave, which is the original Huxi Park.

(Zhang Lizhen)

Hutoushan

There is a "Tiger Head Mountain" in Xinmin Town, Tongan District. It is said that the whole mountain is shaped like the outline of a tiger's head. Hutou Mountain became famous later, which was related to a record in Tongan County Annals published during the Republic of China: In September of the third year of Qianlong (1738), "Hutou Mountain rang for two days and nights, and the sound was like thunder. A few days later, the township examination list was issued, with eight people and two assistants in the city. The township list of the city is the most prosperous. "

Hankyung, a writer of literature and history, explained that the sound of Hutou Mountain may be an earthquake, and some people associate it with the roar of tigers. Hutou Mountain was "called" for two days and two nights. A few days later, after the provincial examination, it failed. In Tongan County (including the present island), eight people including Liu and others won the prize, and two people won the vice prize, creating the largest number of one-time winners in ancient Tongan history.