Covering an area of 3.5 square kilometers, with a building area of 200,000 square meters and more than 0/50 scenic spots, it is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". Every summer, the imperial capital of Qing Dynasty comes here to escape the heat, listen to politics and deal with military and political affairs, so it is also called the Summer Palace.
Yuanmingyuan was built in 1709 (forty-eight years of Kangxi). It was originally a gift from Emperor Kangxi to Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi. After Yongzheng 1722 acceded to the throne, the original garden was expanded. In the south of the garden, Zheng Da Guangming Hall, Qin Zhengtang and many value rooms of the Cabinet, Sixth Department and Military Department were built, hoping to "avoid noise and listen to politics" here in summer.
During the Qianlong period, in addition to the local reconstruction of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden was built in the east and merged into Wanchun Garden in the southeast. The pattern of three gardens in Yuanming has basically taken shape. Jiaqing Dynasty mainly rebuilt and expanded Qichun Garden (Wanchun Garden), making it one of the main gardens. During the reign of Daoguang, state affairs declined and financial resources were insufficient. However, the furnishings of Wanshou, Xiangshan and Yuquan "Three Mountains" were withdrawn, Jehol stopped summering and Mulan hunted, and the reconstruction and decoration of Yuanming Three Gardens have not been abandoned.
Yuanmingyuan, which was founded in the Qing Dynasty, has been operating for over 50 years. It was once famous for its grand geographical scale, outstanding architectural skills, exquisite architectural landscape, rich cultural collection and profound national cultural connotation, and was praised as "a model of all gardening arts" and "a model of ideals and art" by French writer victor hugo.
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"Carving the moon and opening the clouds" is one of the 40 famous scenic spots in Yuanmingyuan. Formerly known as "Peony Pavilion", it belongs to one of the earliest buildings in Yuanmingyuan. Qianlong was rebuilt in the ninth year (1744), and nanmu was used in the palace, which maintained the original grain and color and had elegant taste. The roof of the temple is a pattern of two-color glazed tiles, which is golden and bitter under the sunlight. The combination of the garden and the royal building makes it very spectacular. Hundreds of peonies are planted here, and when they bloom, they are beautiful.
In feudal times, peony in full bloom was regarded as a symbol of "peace and prosperity". Yongzheng said, "Clouds are stacked with stones, and meandering water winds around the room. A Chinese Odyssey is the best flower in the world. Yan Yi was rewarded by Jingu, and his name was praised by Luoyang. Who is better than the national color, Jin makes summer. " At that time, the Changchun Garden where Emperor Kangxi lived was "full of flowers everywhere", especially magnolia, peony and grapes.
The peony in Yuanmingyuan is unique. 130 Three generations of Kang Yong's grandparents and grandchildren, who dominated China's fate, gathered in the Peony Pavilion to enjoy the peony. This is a much-told story, which will be introduced in detail later in this magazine.
If the peony "carving the moon and opening the clouds" symbolizes the elegance of the royal family, then the lotus "winding and winding" represents the cultural taste and elegant atmosphere of several generations of Qing emperors under the prosperous times. "Quyuan Fenghe" is taken from the same name landscape of West Lake. In late summer and early autumn, lotus patches and nine-hole long bridges span it like a rainbow, which is one of the best places to watch lotus in summer.
In China, lotus has rich meanings. Lotus has always been regarded as a symbol of holiness and is inextricably linked with Buddhism. "Lotus" often appears with Bodhisattva. Yuanmingyuan is alive with water, and the lotus on the water has become the summer soul of Yuanmingyuan.
In July of the 20th year of Qianlong, it was ordered to plant 5,525 Jin of lotus seedlings in the "Pure Land" and "An Lan Garden" of Yuanmingyuan, indicating that the place where lotus flowers were planted and appreciated in the heyday of Yuanmingyuan was not limited to the "Quyuan Wind Lotus". This scenic spot has also reappeared in modern times. Since the "Lotus Festival in Yuanmingyuan" was held in 1993, it is still an excellent place to watch in Beijing in summer.
Many other landscapes in Yuanmingyuan are also famous for a certain plant. For example, peach trees in spring in Wulin, Wen apricot trees in apricot blossom spring pavilion, orchids pouring water and spearmint, pines and cypresses with great compassion and eternal beauty, bamboo forests with natural pictures, etc. How do they match with lush trees, flowing water, orchids on the shore and birds' singing? It's a pity that 1860, the fire of the British and French allied forces, these flowers and trees went extinct with the prosperity of the empire.
Baidu encyclopedia-Yuanmingyuan