principle of operation
The manufacture and production of watches are based on a simple and witty invention, that is, "clockwork", which can tighten and store energy, slowly release energy to push the running devices and hands in the watch, and achieve the function of displaying time. This spring device in the watch is called the mainspring.
Watch structure A watch consists of a meter head and a strap (clasp). Among them, the parts of the rice head include: movement, case, bottom cover, mirror, characters (often called dial), hands, handles (also called push) and order (required by some tables).
The working principle of watches, watches are precision instruments used to display time. The principle of this instrument is to use a vibration system with constant period and continuous vibration as the standard.
If we know the time (vibration period) required for a vibration system to complete a complete watch vibration and calculate the vibration times, then the time after so many vibrations is equal to the vibration period multiplied by the vibration times. That is, time = vibration period × vibration times.
The mechanical watch with balance shaft hairspring adopts balance spring as vibration system. The balance wheel 1 is fixed on the balance shaft 2, and the upper and lower journals of the balance shaft are sleeved in the bearing and can rotate around the bearing. One end of the hairspring part 3 is fixed on the swing shaft, and the other end is fixed on the splint. Due to the elastic deformation of the hairspring, the motion of the balance wheel changes from rotation to reciprocating motion.
The balance hairspring system is affected by bearing friction, air resistance and internal friction of hairspring, and the swing amplitude (amplitude) will gradually decay until it stops. In order to make it vibrate continuously without attenuation, it is necessary to replenish energy to the hairspring system regularly, that is to say, there must be an energy device in the watch.
The periodic energy supplement of vibration system is realized by a special mechanism & escapement mechanism. The escapement mechanism is also used to calculate the vibration time of the hairspring system. Therefore, the hairspring system and escapement mechanism are the key devices of mechanical watches.
From the middle of19th century, someone tied a belt on the chronograph and put it on the wrist, and gradually improved, reduced and beautified the style, and developed it into a watch.
The world's first watch was made by Patek Philippe in 1868 for the Countess Koskovich of Hungary. But this kind of clock was not popular at that time.
1904, Louis Fran? ois Cartier, a French businessman dealing in jewelry, received a complaint from Alberto Santos Dumont, a friend of the pilot: it was difficult to take the pocket watch out of his pocket when flying a plane. I hope he can help solve this problem and let him see the time during the flight.
So Cartier came up with a way to tie the pocket watch to his hand with a belt and buckle to solve his friend's problem. And this pocket watch tied to your hand is today's watch.
19 1 1 year, Cartier officially commercialized this form of watch and launched the famous Santos watch. Since then, watches have become popular.
After a century of improvement, 1967, the Swiss made a quartz clock into a quartz watch for the first time. After that, the watch was changed from manual/automatic winding to displaying time with the power of timing and electronics, and other simple functions were mixed together, such as timing, moon phase and pulse measurement.
Modern watches have added more complex functions, such as electronic pocket books, MP3 players, mobile phones and so on. At the same time, some watches have become a kind of jewelry, the focus is not on displaying time, but on its design, brand and material (such as precious metals and diamonds).