Song Lian

I liked studying when I was young. Poor families cannot read a book. Every time I borrow a book, I write it myself and count the days. It's cold, the inkstone is hard, my fingers can't bend and stretch, and I'm lazy. After copying, please go back to China, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. It not only increases the crown, but also benefits the sage's way, and suffers from the lack of masters, celebrities and tourists. They have the same taste and ask the pioneers in the countryside for advice. Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Li Yu stayed around to help him ask questions. He leaned over and cleared his ears, but he still met him. "The more respectful the color, the more polite the ceremony. If you dare not say a word back, Z-flag is happy, then please ask again. Let Yu Yong fool you and the car will learn something.

Learning from teachers in public is also a negative exhibition, "walking in the ravine." It's windy in poor winter, the snow is several feet deep, and I don't know if my feet are cracked. "The whole room, stiff limbs kept unable to move, Teng people holding Tang He irrigation," enterprise support, long-term harmony. If you stay with your host, you will eat it again every day, and it will not taste fresh and fat. All the students are embroidered, wearing a hat decorated with Zhu Yingbao, with a circle of white jade hanging around their waist, knives on the left and coal production capacity on the right. The rest of the robes are open in the middle. "Those who have no intention of mu Yan and enjoy it don't know that their mouths are not bitter." Gaiyu works hard. Today, although I am an old man, "although I have achieved nothing, I am fortunate to be among the gentlemen and have been blessed by the son of heaven. Since I became a minister, I have been a counselor and the four seas have also called him by his name. What's the situation?

Nowadays, students are too old to do anything, and county magistrate Tian has some plans to have children. His parents had Qiu Ge's legacy when they were 20 years old, so they were not in a hurry to sit downstairs and recite poems. There's no need to run around. There are teachers, doctors as teachers, those who don't ask, those who don't ask. All the directly available books are gathered here, and I don't need to record them myself and pretend that others will see them later. If the industry is not refined, the morality is not successful, and the sex is not inferior, then the heart is not specialized and it is for others!

Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue. Yu Ducheng was born hungry for his fellow villagers, writing long books as a thorn, choosing his words carefully and being very fluent; Debate with it and make peace with it. He said that he studied hard when he was young and was a good scholar. He will come back to see his relatives, but it is difficult to tell him what he has learned. It is said that Yu Mian is a scholar, and Yu Lizhi is also; Those who boast about the prosperity of their wealth and arrogance to the villagers know the rest!

I especially liked reading when I was a child. As the family is poor, there is no way to buy books to read. They often borrow books from people who collect books, copy them by hand, calculate the date and return them on time. When the weather is very cold, the water in the inkstone pool forms hard ice, and the fingers can't bend and straighten, and they don't slack off. After copying, I hurried to return the book, not daring to exceed the agreed time limit. So people are willing to lend me books, so I can read a lot of books. In adulthood, I admire the theory of ancient sages, but I am worried that there is no knowledgeable teacher to associate with celebrities (consult). Once I ran a hundred miles away, holding a book to consult a famous local elder. His predecessors were highly respected, and his room was crowded with disciples. He never speaks with gentle words and gentle expressions. I stood beside him respectfully. Ask questions, ask the truth, and bend down for advice. Sometimes when he scolds people, I look more respectful and behave more thoughtfully, and I dare not refute a word; He will ask again when he is happy. So although I was stupid, I finally gained some knowledge. When I went to ask for advice, I carried my books and dragged my shoes in the ravine. In the middle of winter, the cold wind blows hard and the snow is several feet deep, but I don't know that the skin on my feet is frozen. When I arrived at the library, my limbs were frozen and I couldn't move. The waiter brought hot water (for me) to wash my hands and warm my feet, and took a quilt (for me) to cover it. It took a long time to warm up. In the hotel, the owner only provides two meals a day, and there is nothing delicious to enjoy. The students who live together in the hotel are all dressed luxuriantly, wearing red tassels, jewels, white jade rings on their waists, knives on their left and sachets on their right, just like immortals. But I live among them in a shabby cotton-padded jacket and old clothes, and I have no envy at all. Because there are enough things in my heart to make me feel happy, so I don't feel that the enjoyment of food and clothing is not as good as others. I am diligent and hardworking at school, and that's about it. Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me.

Now these students are studying in imperial academy, the government provides meals every day, and parents issue winter clothes and summer clothes every year, so there is no need to worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting under a big and spacious house reading "poems" and "books", there is no fatigue of running around; Some teachers and doctors don't ask themselves, and they can't get knowledge; All the books should be concentrated here, so that I don't have to copy them myself as before, and I can borrow them from others first. If they are (still) not proficient in their studies and (still) lacking in virtue, (then) it is not that (his) intelligence is low, but that (his) thoughts are not as concentrated as mine. Is it someone else's fault?

Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him with gentle words and humble attitude. He himself said that he was very diligent and hard-working when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, so I specifically told him about my study difficulties. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you denigrate me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my fellow villagers, do you know me?

author

Song Lian (1310-1381), whose real name is Jing Lian, whose real name is Qian Xi, and whose other names are Xuanzhenzi, Xuanzhendao and Xuanzhendun. Pujiang, Zhejiang (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) was a famous writer in the early Ming Dynasty. He was born in a poor family, but he was eager to learn since he was a child. He was hired by Wu Lai and Liu Zhi, masters of ancient Chinese prose at the end of Yuan Dynasty. He studied hard all his life. "From childhood to old age, he never went to school for a day and learned everything." At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shundi asked him to organize and edit imperial academy. He resigned and wrote a book on the grounds of supporting his parents.

In the 20th year (1360), Zheng Zheng was hired by Zhu Yuanzhang together with Liu Ji, Zhang Yi and Ye Chen, and was honored as the teacher of the Five Classics. Hong majored in Yuan history, and the official to the bachelor accepted the imperial edict. Later, due to Hu's case, he died in Maozhou. There are The Complete Works of Song Dynasty, The New Filial Piety, etc.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, and Song Lian became a Confucian teacher in Jiangnan, giving lectures to the Prince. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), he was ordered to major in Yuan history. Tired officials went to the academician courtyard to start a business, knowing the patent. Hongwu ten years (1377), resigned and returned home. Later, because the eldest grandson was involved in the Hu Dang case, the whole family was exiled to Maozhou (now Sichuan Qiang Autonomous County) and died on the way in Kuizhou (now fengjie county, Chongqing).

In the history of ancient literature in China, Song Lian, Liu Ji and Gao Qi were called the great poets in the third day of Ming Dynasty. He took it as his duty to inherit the feudal Confucian orthodoxy, and advocated "learning from the classics" and "learning from the ancients" of the characters and learning from the Tang and Song Dynasties. His works are very rich. His works, represented by biographical sketches and narrative essays, are concise, elegant and graceful, with their own characteristics. When the Ming Dynasty was founded, most of the imperial rites and music systems were formulated by Song Lian. Zhu Yuanzhang called him "the first civil servant in the founding of the People's Republic of China", Liu Ji praised him as "the first article today" and scholars from all directions called him "Tai Shigong". Author of Selected Works of Song Shi Xue.

Song Lian is "the head of the founding civil servants". He insisted that Ming Dow's prose should seek truth from facts, draw lessons from classics, emphasize "expressing one's will", pay attention to "changing things" and demand "feeling things with things", so his prose is rich in content and has certain artistic skills.

In the next generation, Song Lian is the first person to open a private library.

Song Lian's collection of books began as a teenager. At that time, he moved to Pujiang because of the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and built a room to study in Luo Qing Mountain, because its building was named "Luo Qing Mountain House". After the mutiny, the official books were seriously damaged, and Song Lian was able to keep the book city because of his seclusion in the mountains. Qi Ming Han Cheng's "Red Book Collection of Lianshengtang" said: "After the country broke the fire and died, Song Wenxian publicly studied in Luoqingshan, and has collected thousands of books." The Preface to the Complete Works of Song Wenxian, the second volume of the Collected Works of Fengxitang in the Qing Dynasty, said that Song Lian "began to sneak into Pujiang, gained his book wealth, and pushed Song Lian first".

The essence of Song Lian's books, a few of which flowed into the hands of Qing people. For example, The Collection of Changqing in the Northern Song Dynasty was successively collected by Qian Ceng, Huang Pilie and Pan Zuyin. "Bai Fu": "The" Changqing "of Lushan Mountain, see Liuding; Master Jinhua is an elf alone. " Note: Changqing Ji was engraved in the Northern Song Dynasty, so-called' Lushan Edition'. Geng Yin was burned and the seeds were cut. Only this little song book in Jinhua Song's "Jinglian" is full of pictures, ancient and lovely, and rare. In addition, a batch of biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals, Historical Records and Song Wenxuan flowed into the palace of the Qing Dynasty, recording the sequel of Tianlu Lin Lang. Song Lian also collected the Song Dynasty publication "Shilin Guangji", and then returned to Ding Richang, Guangdong Province, where he recorded the Bibliography of Bao Jing Zhai.

To annotate ...

[1] Coronation: In ancient times, a man was crowned at the age of 20, indicating that he had reached adulthood. This means twenty years old.

[2] Xianda: a prestigious predecessor.

[3] Word: Word and face.

[4] aid doubts: ask difficult questions. Quality: Questioning the truth.

[5] negative basket (qiè) dragging basket (xǐ): lifting the book box and pulling shoes.

[6] chapped skin (jūn): frozen skin.

[7] Any: This refers to the maid. Soup: Hot water. Officer: Wash your hands at once.

[8] Reverse tourism: guest houses and hotels.

[9] velvet: refers to the sachet.

[10] Ye Ran: radiant.

[1 1] yùn robe: a robe lined with messy old wadding.

[12] Offering food and clothing refers to the enjoyment of food and clothing.

[13] Mao Lao: refers to old age. The ancients called Mao Lao at the age of seventy, Mao Lao at the age of eighty or ninety, and Song Lian was sixty-nine.

[14] Gentleman: This refers to people with official positions.

[15] affix: affix. The following is the meaning of following.

[16] imperial academy: the highest institution of learning in ancient China, which was called imperial academy in the Ming Dynasty. The old name is used here.

[17] County Decree: This refers to the imperial court. Shao Lei: Schleswig, that is, the board fee.

[18] Teacher and Doctor: Teacher imperial academy and Dr. imperial academy are both mentors.

Liu Dai: Peer.

[20] Yuducheng: Song Lian was an official in Hongwu for ten years, and went to Nanjing to appear before the emperor the following year.

[2 1] Write: Same as "write". Long book: long letter. Lu: Meeting ceremony.

[22] Yi: Ping.

[23] Prosperity of opportunity: That's good to meet. This refers to the official position.

[24] Master: A knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da.

[25] So: So.

[26] Want: Get