1. Request to sign a formal treaty: open one or more of Ningbo, Zhoushan, Tianjin and Guangzhou as trading ports.
2. British businessmen are allowed to set up warehouses in Beijing to collect, store, distribute and sell goods, and set up permanent embassies in Beijing.
Britain is allowed to build facilities on an island near Zhoushan to serve as warehouses and residences for businessmen.
4. It is allowed to choose a place near Guangzhou as the residence of British businessmen, and allow British businessmen from Macao to enter and leave Guangdong freely.
5. Allow British merchant ships to enter and leave the waterways of Guangzhou and Macao, and reduce the goods tax.
6. Guangdong and other trading ports are allowed to pay public tax rates, and are not allowed to collect miscellaneous fees at will.
7. Anglican priests are allowed to preach in China.
As a result, Magalny and his party were teased and teased by China officials in China ―― although these banter and teasing were unintentional, Magalny felt great shame.
First, he was appointed as a foreign envoy to pay tribute to China, and was named as a "tribute envoy". Later, they were forced to kneel three times and kowtow nine times before Emperor China.
It is worth mentioning that when they were repatriated by Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong also condescended to issue an edict to King George III of England (the original edict is attached to this article), with the following effect:
Emperor Mukden specially informed the king of England:
I appreciate that although you are far away from the ocean, you yearn for China's system and are eager to be enlightened by China. So, not far away, Wanli sent messengers to the table respectfully to prepare gifts for me to celebrate my birthday. This behavior is enough to show your loyalty. I looked at my watch, and the words in it were sincere and sincere, and the respect and sincerity of the king jumped from the paper, which was commendable. All the ambassadors and deputy envoys who came to pay their respects thought it was your mission, and I treated them with courtesy and kindness. I asked the minister to take them to visit and admire Chinese civilization, give them a rich banquet, and give them rewards one after another to show their comfort. More than 600 boatmen who have returned to Zhushan, Ningbo, have failed to make it to Beijing, but I treat them equally and reward them handsomely, so that everyone can benefit from it.
As for the king, you asked me to allow you to send a person to live in China for a long time and take care of the business in your country. This is not in line with the system in China, and it is absolutely not feasible. All western countries willing to come to heaven are allowed to come to Beijing; But when you come, you will wear my Hanfu and be put in the court according to my China rules, and you will never be allowed to return to China. I made this in China. You must know it, King. Today, the king asked me to send a person to live in Beijing. Even if this person doesn't go back to China like a westerner who works as a policeman in Beijing, I can't let him communicate freely. So, it's not good for you.
China ruled far away. Foreign envoys must abide by certain rules when they come to Beijing, and there has never been a precedent for them to help themselves. If people are sent to Beijing today, people will not be able to communicate with China, and their clothes will be very different. I really can't arrange it. If foreigners are treated equally with westerners who are policemen in Beijing in the future and are ordered to change clothes, China will not force others to do so.
Take care of yourself. If China wants to send people to live in your country, I'm afraid your country can't accept it. Besides, there are so many western countries, and you are not the only one. If they all come to me like kings, they will send people to stay in Beijing. How can I promise them one by one? This matter is difficult to judge. I can't change the laws of China for more than 100 years because of the invitation of the king.
As for the king, you said that you sent people to Beijing to take care of business, so it's not a day or two for your people to take care of business in Macao. China has always treated these people with courtesy and kindness. In the past, Portugal, Italy and other countries have sent envoys to the DPRK many times, asking me to take care of them in the name of "taking care of business". For their sincerity, China will be more sympathetic. Whenever they encounter trade affairs in these countries, they will take good care of them. Last time, Guangdong businessman Wu Zhaoping owed money to foreign ships. I also personally asked the competent governor to use the money from the official treasury to pay back and severely punish those who owe money. Presumably your country should know about it, too. Don't worry, we will take care of your business. There is no need to send someone to stay in Beijing, and there is no need for me to make an example like this! Besides, you send someone to the capital, which is almost a Wan Li from the Macau Trade Office. How can he manage it?
If another reason for sending people to China is to admire the culture of China and let him learn the etiquette and moral civilization of China, the etiquette in China is different from that in your country. Even if he is willing to learn, he can't imitate it, because your country already has a custom system different from China's. So, it's no use learning.
China caresses the four seas, but my mind is focused on hard work, not treasure. Your king paid tribute to all kinds of goods this time. I thought you were sincere enough to let the toll department take them. In fact, in Zeyu, Deweiyuan, China, thousands of countries and nationalities rushed to pay tribute to China, and all kinds of precious things gathered in China through land and water channels, which is ubiquitous. Your emissary should have seen this with his own eyes. In other words, China is never short of Kit Kat, and has no special demand for your goods. Therefore, your request to send someone to stay in Beijing is not in line with the system in China, and I feel that it is of no practical benefit to you.
The victory of the Qianlong Imperial Order to pacify the quasi-Ministry and the Hui Ministry was precisely due to the victory of the internal and minority wars, which led to the blind arrogance of the Qianlong Emperor.
I have made it clear through this imperial edict, and now I want your ambassador (Ma Neil) to return to China according to the arrangement. The king should seriously understand my mind, be more honest with China and swear to be obedient forever. My kindness can be imposed on your people for a long time, so that everyone can enjoy peace in China.
In addition to officials and translators, soldiers and servants below officials and deputy envoys, I will reward various objects according to their grades.
Now that the emissary (Macartney) has left for home, I hereby issue an imperial decree, in addition to giving you Wen Qi's treasures according to the routine ceremony, I will also give you colorful satin, Wan Wen utensils and other jewelry, all of which are accompanied by a list.
Your majesty's kindness is all my concern for you. Special decree.
The incident of "Magalny's visit to China" was originally a great event that could change the course of China, but the Qing court missed such an opportunity to exchange and talk with advanced civilization and technology in vain.
French historian Allen? Alain peyrefitte said with regret: "If the country that invented printing and papermaking, compass and rudder, explosives and firearms centuries earlier than other countries is combined with the country that tamed steam and is about to control electricity, then the cultural exchange between China and Europe will definitely make rapid progress for both sides. What a revolution it will be!"
Due to the division of civilization, the differences of systems, and the ignorance, corruption and arrogance of rulers, history has gone to the opposite side. From 1840, China and Britain began a century-long history of blood and fire.