Zhang Xiu was one of the heroes in the late Han Dynasty, and also the culprit who killed Cao Ang and Dian Wei.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhang Xiu's "premature death" was recorded in books. Zhang Xiu was forced to commit suicide, which is clearly recorded in Dr. Wei's private book Wei Lue.
Whether Zhang Xiu's death really came from Cao Pi's coercion remains to be verified. However, Zhang Xiu's "not ending with Tao" is beyond doubt.
In terms of time and age, Zhang Xiu's death is more likely to come from Cao Cao's implicit punishment.
Zhang Xiu killed Cao Ang, which Cao Cao could not tolerate. However, the treatment of Zhang Xiu is inseparable from the limitations of the times. Because Zhang Xiu's second surrender occurred before the Battle of Guandu (199).
Cao Cao was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, so he didn't dare to publicly sanction Zhang Xiu, for fear of chilling heroes from all directions. Therefore, the plan to kill Zhang Xiu was postponed to "attack Yuan and Ji" in the same year (207).
Zhang Xiu's punishment is an ironclad case, which is not of much discussion value; This paper mainly discusses the death of Zhang Xiu and the rise and fall of his family from the perspectives and clues of other related figures.
Hu Cheer is a clue to the change of Wancheng.
In the second year of Jian 'an (197), I went to see Cao for the first time and was left out in the cold. Not only his aunt Zou was raped by Cao Cao, but also the lux around him was bought by Cao Cao to assassinate him.
The Lux bought by Cao Cao is the famous "Hu Cheer".
It should be noted that "Hu Cheer" is not a name, but a transliteration of "Ai Hu Chil", which refers to the guards of ethnic minorities. He also wrote Hu Chier and Hu Zhichi Er.
Zhang Xiu was born in Wuwei, Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu). He has a rare health name. Dong Zhuo followed uncle * * * stone.
Liangzhou Group has been in Qiang for a long time. Influenced by Hu Feng, there are quite a few minority fighters in the army. Zheng Tai, a fashion book, has publicly declared that Dong Zhuo's works include "Huang Zhong's Yi Shun" and "Western Qiang's Eight Kinds" and won the world.
Therefore, it is not uncommon for Hu Chier to be a warrior of the conference semifinals in Dong Zhuo Group. Because of their bravery, they are often used as personal bodyguards of commanders.
The problem is that the guards of the conference semifinals are uneducated and purely mercenaries bought by money. Its nature is very similar to that of "Wei Jun" and "Xuzhou Yindao Army" in the late Tang Dynasty. Whoever pays the highest price will work for him.
Dong Zhuo's son-in-law Niu Fu was killed by Hu Chier around him.
In the third year of Chuping (192), Dong Zhuo was killed and Niu Fu took the lead. When the camp rioted, Niu Fu was frightened and wanted to escape with gold, silver and jewels. As a result, Hu Chier killed him halfway and his property was looted.
It can be seen that Hu Chier's "greedy for money and killing the Lord" is very common in Liangzhou Group. The death of Niu Fu (192) is vivid in my mind. Cao Cao intentionally bought Hu Chier near Zhang Xiu (197), which immediately aroused Zhang Xiu's fear and vigilance. That night, I resisted.
In other words, when Cao Cao first surrendered to Zhang Xiu, he had a secret plan to kill Zhang Xiu. As for the shame of Zhang Ji's widow, this is the secondary cause of the rebellion.
In the end, Zhang Xiu didn't die, but Cao Cao's guard Dian Wei died unexpectedly. The News of the World came so fast that I was dumbfounded.
Jia Xu's story can explain the root cause of "Cao Cao wanted to kill Zhang Xiu".
Jia Xu, a native of Wuwei, Liangzhou, is in the same county as Zhang Xiu. After Dong Zhuo's death, he briefly attached himself to Duan Wei and then went to Nanyang. As a teacher, Zhang Xiu is highly respected and respected.
There have been many armed conflicts between Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu, and both sides have won and lost. After a pursuit of "losing before winning", Jia Xu once revealed his winning secret:
Zhang Xiu is good at fighting, but he is no match for Cao Cao. Cao Cao's generals are good at fighting, but they are no match for Zhang Xiu.
Considering that at that time (197- 199), Cao Cao had gathered all the masters of Xiahou Cao Shi, as well as Yu Ban, Huang Xu and Le Jin among the "five sons", the fighting capacity was not strong.
However, in Jia Xu's eyes, Zhang Xiu's military ability far exceeds that of Xiahou Brothers, Coss Brothers and Wuzi.
You know, Jia Xu used to follow the "Chang 'an Rebellion" of Liangzhou Group (192- 195), and he was a man who had seen the world and was old friends with Lu Bu and others. Zhang Xiu's military ability, can get such a high evaluation of Jia Xu, was a first-class star at that time.
The problem is that Cao Cao doesn't trust Zhang Xiu. Therefore, the stronger Zhang Xiu's strength, the greater the threat to Cao Cao. This can also explain why Cao Cao wanted to kill Zhang Xiu the first time he saw him.
Jia Xu has made great contributions to Cao Cao, but he is often "afraid to stay at home". I'm sure this has something to do with Zhang Xiu's death in the 12th year of Jian 'an (207).
It was proved that in the following year (208), when Cao Cao wanted to go south to Jingyang and mix with the whole country, he met with fierce opposition from Jia Xu. I'm afraid Jia Xu was worried that once the world was unified, all birds would bow and hide, and he would follow the old idea of embroidery, so he tried his best to obstruct Cao Cao's expedition.
Jia Xu is a wise man without shame. For wealth and personal life, he can betray the lifeblood of the world and the future of the country. The Li Guo Rebellion (192) was committed by Jia Xu.
It is hard to imagine that such a person would be willing to "shut the door and guard himself, not accepting dignitaries as their agents." The reasonable explanation is that Zhang Xiu's "accidental death" frightened Jia Xu. He mainly knelt down and never gave up.
Yes, the heir. Cao is the son-in-law. They are both close relatives of Zhang Xiu.
It is worth noting that both Cao Jun and Zhang Quan died in the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), which is the year before Cao Cao died of illness.
(1) Zhang Quan
The cause of Zhang Quan's death was "sitting in Wei against imperialism", that is, he participated in Ye County's "Wei against imperialism". At that time, Cao Cao was in Luoyang, and the person in charge of this case was actually Cao Pi.
The record of Wei's satirical rebellion (2 19) is seriously lacking and full of doubts. It is generally believed that Cao Cao's "rebellion" was carried out in the camp before his death. It is reasonable to speculate that Richard cheung kuen, as the heir of Zhang Xiu, was killed by "an excuse to avoid future trouble".
(2) Cao Jun
Cao is a son-in-law and his own son.
The problem is that although Cao Jun is Cao Cao's parent-child, his position is rather humble, and he was also given to his uncle as an heir. Therefore, among the philosophers, Cao is a rare "dismissed from office". Half-brothers (Cao Cao has 25 sons) are mostly barons.
Although the reason why Cao Jun was alienated by his biological father is not clearly stated in the book, it is probably related to his marriage. As Zhang Xiu's son-in-law and Zhang Quan's brother-in-law, when Zhang Xiu was concealed, Cao Jun's identity was too sensitive and dazzling.
It is hard to believe that Cao Jun and Zhang Quan died in the same year (2 19) and both died on the eve of Cao Cao's death (220), which is purely coincidental.
Zhang Xiu's epigrams, posthumous title and the time of death are circumstantial evidence that he concealed.
(1) hieroglyphics
A feature of Biography of Zhang Xiu is that ideographic characters have been lost. In fact, given its prominent status as "General Yang Wu, a food city with 2,000 households", this is very abnormal.
It is worth noting that the only one of the seven biographies is in Pakistan. Even if the line of sight is extended to the whole book "The History of the Three Kingdoms", only a few people have passed the ideographic examination. Typical is Liu Feng.
Liu Feng was honored as "Liu Bei's successor and deputy general", and his last words were lost, which can be said to be the same as Zhang Xiu's.
If we consider the similar fate of the two men, it is not difficult to see that their deeds files were seriously damaged at that time, purely for political reasons.
(2) Time of death
Zhang Xiu's political treatment and time of death are more interesting.
According to the tragic situation that the population dropped sharply at the end of the Han Dynasty and the Central Plains "did not save one in ten", Zhang Xiu has 2,000 food cities, far exceeding Xiahou Cao Shi. In fact, they were the generals who had "Cao Cao had the most food cities" before Battle of Red Cliffs.
On the contrary, in the same year (207), when the expedition Wuwan wiped out Er Yuan (Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang), Zhang Xiu died suddenly. This node is undoubtedly a metaphor of "birds hide and rabbits cook".
Although there is no date of Zhang Xiu's birth, according to the records of Han Sui rebellion (the rise of Zhang Xiu) and his relationship with Zhang's stepson (a distant nephew), his death should be in the prime of life.
From the side of Zhang Xiu, despite the wind and rain, military life, the body should still be quite strong. It is obviously different from the weak scribe Guo Jia (who also died of the 50,000-sign).
If we take into account the record of Zhang Xiu's death (207), the late official Jia Xu tried his best to obstruct Cao Cao's southward expedition (208) and closed the country from now on; It is not difficult to see that Zhang Xiu was concealed, which was known at that time.
(3) posthumous title metaphor.
Posthumous title is very interesting, and it is "Ding".
In accordance with the law, decided to "make up for the past." This undoubtedly shows that Cao Cao's portrayal of Zhang Xiu is a "sinner who makes amends".
More interestingly, Zhang Xiu's son-in-law, Cao Jun and posthumous title, are both "peaceful", meaning "harmony without difference". And Zhang Xiu's grandson, Cao Jun's son Cao Kang and posthumous title, like my grandfather, are also "fixed". I don't know if this is intentional.
More notably, Cao Wan, the son of her son-in-law Cao Jun, was adopted and given to Cao Ang as an heir.
In other words, Cao Ang was killed by Zhang Xiu, but he was the grandson of Zhang Xiu.
Zhang Xiu's death is an iron case in the Three Kingdoms, and almost all the clues and recorded calligraphy point to the tragic fact that he was concealed.
This paper attempts to restore the whole picture of Zhang Xiu's death through case analysis and writing twists and turns of many related figures. Among them, Jia Xu, Richard cheung kuen, Cao Jun, Cao Kang and even Hu Chier are strong evidences of "hidden punishment".
Although Zhang Xiu did die, I don't think it has anything to do with xelloss.
It should be noted that when Zhang Xiu died (207), Cao Pi was still "white" and didn't become an official until four years later (2 1 1). This in itself conflicts with the record of the fish's "five senses general".
Xelloss stood up as an illegitimate child and relied on Zhang Xiu to attack and kill Cao Ang. In other words, Zhang Xiu is the enemy of Cao Cao, but he is the great benefactor of Cao Pi. Although Cao Pi posed as a "brother" in Dian Lun, it was actually just a show for the whole world.
Looking at Cao Ang's biography, we can see that the treatment behind him is quite bad, the adopted son has no obvious position, and even the time of being crowned king has been deliberately delayed. Not to mention that Xelloss actually adopted Zhang Xiu's grandson (Cao Wan) to Cao Ang as his son, and his mind was sinister to the extreme.
It can be seen how hypocritical Cao Pi's so-called "filial piety, self-separation" is.
Zhang Xiu is a man of high martial arts. Jia Xu, who is well informed, called him "inferior to Cao Cao's generals", and he was naturally frightened by Cao Cao. After the blood feud (197), it was doomed to a tragic ending.
Although Zhang Xiu chose the sensitive time of "Battle of Cao Yuan" (199) to surrender, he saved his life temporarily, but in the end he remained anonymous in the same year (207) when Cao Cao destroyed Er Yuan.
Even the marriage that was concluded for the sake of "being on the safe side" became the fuse of Cao Jun's fall from grace (adoption) and even death. Finally, on the eve of Cao Cao's death, his son-in-law and son-in-law were gone.
Heroes are willing to take risks, and wealth is like a flower. Looking at Zhang Xiu, we can see that fate cannot escape.