What exactly is Byzantium? What happened to the Byzantine general? It is mentioned everywhere. This general is too busy!
Let's start with the place of Byzantium. Long, long ago, Europe was established in a period even older than the Middle Ages. Historically, it was the Eastern Roman Empire, which spanned thousands of years of historical expectations.
Far from the point, back to the point, what is the problem of the Byzantine general?
Byzantium is a very powerful place surrounded by ten independent neighboring countries. Each of them has a general. If he attacks the city alone, he will fail. Only when more than half of the generals attack at the same time can he break the city.
Ten generals in order to coordinate, in that ancient time, messengers were exhausted, or flying pigeons delivered books (Europe was behind China at that time, as if there were no such high-speed communication means). It takes 90 times for ten generals to communicate with each other once, and each general has his own siege plan. In order to achieve unity, it needs to be passed back and forth.
We can imagine a scene where ten generals are sitting at the same table, everyone is talking about his own ideas and listening to the other nine, but the information transmission is not real-time, and it is fast and slow, and it is early and late. Have you figured it out? In other words, if these ten generals want to reach an agreement, it is possible in theory, but in fact, they will not achieve it in their lifetime. No wonder the Byzantine Empire has not been broken by these ten generals after thousands of years.
Satoshi Nakamoto, a man of God, took advantage of the timeliness of information transmission on the Internet, introduced a time stamp to clearly know that "whoever speaks first will speak later", creatively joined the mining mechanism (that is, the general's IQ was determined as the commander-in-chief of this attack), used asymmetric encryption to ensure the security of information transmission and other means to integrate into Bitcoin, and illustrated that he had solved this historical problem "Byzantine General Problem". So as to prove to the world that there is a decentralized plan to solve the problem of mutual trust among 6 billion people.
Another key problem that friends in the currency circle and chain circle are very anxious about is that there are too many TM concepts in this circle. In addition to this "Byzantine general problem", there is also a "Byzantine fault tolerance". What the hell is this? Are these two the same? Did either of these two write it wrong on purpose? Or am I not paying enough IQ tax? Actually, you are right.
The "Byzantine General Problem" assumes that ten generals are all good, and they want to break through Byzantium, but it is difficult to understand it. Bitcoin provides excellent people with a solution to realize * * * knowledge.
"Byzantine fault tolerance" means that ten generals can do * * * knowledge well. However, if there are bad people, how to solve them?
If there are bad guys among the ten generals (call them traitors), will the attack plan never be realized?
"Byzantine fault tolerance" tells everyone that it can be achieved, and we can also find out who these "traitors" are. However, the number of traitors in 10' s generals should not exceed three, and beyond that, it is impossible to "tolerate mistakes" and find out who these traitors are. The corresponding formula is 3n+ 1. Among them, 3n+ 1 is the total number of generals (the total number of blockchain books/mining machines), and n is the total number of "traitors" who can be "fault-tolerant" (maliciously misreading accounts).
For ten generals, three traitors are tolerated at most, and if there are more, there is no chance at all. In order to make Bitcoin more fault-tolerant, more nodes are needed to tolerate and find more traitors. Do you see it?
To sum up, the problem of Byzantine generals is how to know people on the premise of assuming all good people. Byzantine fault tolerance is how many traitors the whole network can tolerate at most and find them.
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