Yu liked studying when he was young. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read. I often borrow money from the library, copy it myself, and send it back on the appointed day. When the weather is cold, the water in the salt pond freezes into ice and I can't stretch my fingers. I still don't relax reading. After copying, please go back to China, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. Since it is crowned, it is beneficial to admire saints. He has also suffered from celebrities and tourists without owners. He has tasted hundreds of miles away and asked the pioneers in his hometown for advice. Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot.
When I was a teacher, I dragged myself into the mountains and valleys. In winter, the wind is fierce, the snow is several feet deep, and the skin is chapped. After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Stay in a hotel and eat two meals a day, without fresh fat and delicious enjoyment. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. In the meantime, I have no desire for beauty. I don't know if my mouth and body are not as good as people. My efforts and efforts are probably like this. Although I am old and have no achievements, I am fortunate to be among the gentlemen. However, I have been blessed by the son of heaven. After I became a public official, I worked as a consultant every day, and the whole world misreported my last name. What else?
Now all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials have a little support every day. Their parents have Qiu Ge's legacy at the age of 20, and there is no danger of being frozen and embarrassed. There is no need to escape from sitting downstairs and reciting poems; There are teachers, doctors are teachers, and those who don't ask, don't tell, ask but can't; All the books should be kept here. There is no need to record them through other people's hands and read them later. If you don't have a good career, you don't succeed in morality, and you are not inferior in sex, then your heart is not specialized. Is it too much for others?
Dongyang Ma, who studied in imperial academy for two years, was praised by his peers for his virtue. Yu Ducheng, born in the same town, wrote a long book and was very eloquent. Debate with it and make peace with it. He said that he studied hard when he was young and was a good scholar. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies. It is said that Yu Mian's fellow villagers are all scholars, and so is Yu. Do you know who sneered at my boasting about the prosperity of my wealth and was arrogant to my hometown?
I liked reading very much when I was young. The family is poor and can't get books to read. They often borrow books from book collectors, copy them by hand, and return them on time after calculating the date. Winter is very cold, the ink in the inkstone is frozen, fingers can't bend and straighten, and reading doesn't relax. After copying, he immediately ran to return the book, dare not exceed the agreed time limit.
So many people are willing to lend me books that I can read all the books. As an adult, I admire the theory of ancient sages more, but I can't communicate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. Once I rushed hundreds of miles away, holding the scriptures and asking the elders with moral knowledge in the village. His predecessors were highly respected and his disciples crowded his room. His words and attitude have never been euphemistic.
I stood beside him, asking questions, asking truth, bending down and listening respectfully; Sometimes, when he is reprimanded loudly, his expression is more respectful and his manners are more thoughtful, and he dare not say a rebuttal; He was happy and went to consult again. So although I was stupid, I finally learned a lot.
Go out for advice, carry a book box, drag shoes, and walk in the deep mountains and valleys. In the middle of winter, the cold wind blows hard and the snow is several feet deep. I don't know. The skin on my feet is cracked with cold. Back to school, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The waiter gave me a hot bath and wrapped me in a quilt, which took me a long time to warm up.
Staying in a hotel, the innkeeper has two meals a day, and there is nothing fresh, fat and delicious to enjoy. Everyone in the classmate's family is dressed in gorgeous clothes, wearing a hat decorated with red hair bands and jewels, with a white jade ring hanging around the waist, a treasure knife on the left and a sachet on the right, which is bright and dazzling, just like a fairy; I am in rags among them, but I am not jealous.
Because there are enough happy things in my heart, I don't feel that the enjoyment of food and clothing is not as good as others. I just study hard. Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me.
Now students are studying in imperial academy, and the court provides meals every day. Parents give them leather clothes in winter and kudzu clothes in summer, so don't worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting downstairs reading "poems" and "books", there is no hard work; There are teachers like doctors, who ask for advice without asking themselves and get nothing; All the books you should have are concentrated here. You don't have to copy them by hand like me. You can borrow them from others before you can see them. If some of them are not proficient in their studies and their moral quality has not developed, if they are not talented and have low qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault?
Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him with gentle words and humble attitude. He himself said that he worked hard when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, so I specifically told him about my study difficulties. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you slander me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my hometown, do you know me?
Creation background In the 11th year of Ming Hongwu (AD 1378), Song Lian retired from his hometown Pujiang (Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province) to Yingtian (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province) in the second year, and his hometown mistress Ma Junze came to visit. Song Lian wrote this preface, introducing his own learning experience and attitude, encouraging others to study hard and becoming a person with both ability and political integrity when Zhu Yuanzhang was studying in imperial academy.
Appreciate the author's early experience of seeking advice modestly and studying hard, and encourage young people to cherish a good reading environment and concentrate on their studies. This paper vividly and concretely describes the difficulty of borrowing books from teachers and the pain of running around hungry and cold, and compares it with the superior conditions of Taiji students, which strongly shows that whether or not academic achievements depend mainly on subjective efforts, not on the level of talent and the quality of conditions. This understanding of the author still has reference significance today. But what he said about the purpose and content of learning is not enough. The article is structured, detailed, sincere and fluent.
The exhortation in the preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang is meaningful. The full text says nothing about the significance of learning, but makes a big fuss about "nothing can be achieved without hard work", because the importance of learning is well known to all women and children, and "learning to succeed" is also the goal pursued by all. The author grasps how to achieve "academic success", puts forward his own views, and is earnest, praising fellow countryman Ma Junze for his education of imperial academy students.
In the preface to seeing Ma Sheng off in Dongyang, Song Lian did not shy away from his poverty and hardships in his early years. In the article, he tells his hard study process from childhood to adulthood frankly and concretely through self-presentation, so as to encourage the younger generation to study hard. Among them, all kinds of hardships make people sigh; Hard-working, diligent spirit, open-minded learning attitude, people respect.
The author is good at using contrast and contrast to highlight the main idea of the article; Similarly, it is pleasant to talk with Kan Kan convincingly, which makes people willing to know the truth.
My classmates and I have a contrast in our study. I emphasize from another aspect that we should not only be firm, not afraid of the hardships of life, but also pursue spiritual enrichment. This paper also contrasts the advantages of studying in Taiwan Province today with the hardships of studying at the beginning, and emphasizes that the key to success in school lies in whether you concentrate on it or not.
Author's brief introduction Song Lian (1310165438+1October 4th-13865438+June 20th, 0), whose name is Shou, Jing Lian, Qian Xi. Originally from Jinhua, he moved to the west (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) and later moved to Pujiang, Jinhua (now Pujiang, Zhejiang). A famous politician, writer, historian and thinker in the early Ming Dynasty. Together with Gao Qi and Liu Ji, they are called "three great poets in early Ming Dynasty", and together with Zhang Yi, Liu Ji and Ye Chen, they are called "four gentlemen in eastern Zhejiang". Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "the head of the founding civil servants", and scholars called him Taishigong and Song Longmen. Song Lian was ill since childhood, and his family was poor, but he was smart and studious, so he was known as a "child prodigy".
He was employed by Ji Meng, Wu Lai, Liu Guan, Huang Cheng and others. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he resigned from the imperial court and ordered monks to write books. In the early Ming Dynasty, he was hired by Zhu Yuanzhang and was honored as a teacher of the Five Classics, giving lectures for Prince Zhu Biao. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), he was ordered to major in Yuan history. Most of the court etiquette was formulated for him when he was tired of being an official and learned the imperial edict from the Hanlin bachelor.
Hongwu ten years (1377), resigned as an old man and returned to his hometown. Later, because his eldest grandson was involved in the Hu case, he was demoted to Maozhou and died in Kuizhou at the age of 72. Ming Wuzong pursued "Wen Xian", so he called it "Song Wenxian".
Both Song Lian and Liu Ji are famous for their prose creation, and they are called "the Sect of a Generation". His prose is either concise or graceful and elegant, each with its own characteristics. He admired Taige literature, and his style was honest and elegant, which provided a model for the literary creation of later "Taige style" writers. Most of his works were carved into seventy-five volumes of The Complete Works of Song and Shi Xue.