Laokeng jadeite, commonly known as "Laokeng glass" in business circles, usually has glass luster, fine and flawless texture, pure, bright and rich color, and even emerald green; The jadeite jade in the old pit is very fine, and it is extremely difficult for the naked eye to see "emerald"; Laokeng jadeite is translucent and transparent under the irradiation of light, which is the top grade or the best of jadeite. The texture of ice jadeite is similar to that of old pit jadeite, colorless or less colored. The characteristics of ice species are very shiny appearance, translucent to transparent, clear as ice, giving people the feeling of pure and pure. If there is a flocculent or intermittent blue color in ice jadeite, it is called "blue flower ice", which is a common variety in ice jadeite. Kethleen is often used to make bracelets or pendants. There is no obvious difference in value between colorless ice jade and "blue flower ice" jade, and its actual price mainly depends on people's preferences. The ice seed is an upper-middle grade or middle-grade jadeite. The jadeite structure of water jadeite is slightly thicker than that of old pit glass, and its luster and transparency are also slightly lower than that of old pit glass, but it is similar or equivalent to ice. It is characterized by water permeability but soft luster. Microscopically, we can see a little "ripple", or a few dark cracks and stone lines, and occasionally we can see a very small amount of impurities and cotton willow. Some experts say that water jadeite is a kind of old pit jadeite with light color or colorless and slightly poor quality. It is a kind of jadeite with upper-middle grade and occasionally upper grade. Violet Jade This is a kind of purple jade, which is like violet flowers in color. The jewelry industry also calls violet "Toona sinensis" or "Spring". Emeralds in "spring" are divided into high, medium and low grades. Not only violets must be valuable, they must be top grade. Must be combined with quality indicators such as texture, transparency, and technology for comprehensive evaluation. The purple on jadeite is generally not deep. According to the different shades of purple, the jadeite industry divides the purple in jadeite into pink purple, eggplant purple and blue purple. Pink purple is usually fine in texture and good in transparency, followed by eggplant purple and blue purple again. Jade with a white background is characterized by white as snow, green is very bright on a white background, and white and green are distinct. This variety of jadeite is easy to identify: there are green spots on the white background, and the transparency is poor, opaque or slightly transparent; Jade pieces have fiber and fine grain mosaic structure, but the fine grain structure is the main structure; Observed under a microscope (it must be magnified 30 ~ 40 times), its surface is often perforated or uneven. Most of this variety is mid-range jadeite, and a few are blue and white, with bright and bright color, which is in harmony with the background and can reach middle and high grade. Huaqing jadeite is green in color, veined and extremely irregular; The texture is thick, thin and translucent. Its background color is light green or other colors. Such as light gray or bean blue, its structure is mainly fiber and fine-medium grain structure. Huaqing jadeite is characterized by uneven green. Some are dense, some are sparse, and the colors are deep and light. Another structure of Huaqing jadeite is that it is only granular and lacks a sense of water. Because of its rough structure, its transparency is often poor. Huaqing belongs to middle and low grade jadeite. The bright red or orange red jadeite in Hong Fei is easy to see in the market. The color of Hong Fei was formed after the formation of jadeite crystals, which was caused by hematite impregnation. It is characterized by bright red or crimson, and a good red Fei has good color, glass luster and translucent transparency. Hongfei products are often mid-range or low-grade goods, but there are also high-grade Hongfei products: bright color, delicate texture, very beautiful, loved by people, with auspicious colors. Yellow to brown or brown yellow-brown jade has low transparency. Jade articles of this series of colors can be seen everywhere in the market. Their colors are also formed after the formation of jadeite crystals, often distributed on the red layer, which is caused by limonite impregnation. In the market, the value of Hong Fei is higher than that of yellow jadeite, while that of Huangfei is higher than that of brown jadeite, followed by brown jadeite. But there are also cases where the price is different from the routine because of people's love and unique jewelry. Bean seed jadeite is called bean seed for short, and bean seed jadeite is a very common variety in the jadeite family. Hibiscus species jadeite is referred to as Hibiscus species for short. This kind of jadeite is generally light green with no yellow tone. It is clear and pure, and sometimes the background color is slightly pink. Although the texture of horsetooth jadeite is fine, it is opaque and its surface is as shiny as porcelain. Jade with lotus root powder is as delicate as lotus root powder, and its color is light pink purple (light spring), which is a good raw material for making handicrafts. Wide film is characterized by dark green or dark green under natural light, rough texture and dry head. The jadeite produced in Cui Si is a kind of jadeite with good texture and color, which belongs to middle and high grade jadeite in the market. Gold seeds with shallow bottom contain yellow and orange jadeite, which are arranged in parallel filaments and have obvious directional structure development, and other characteristics are the same as those of Cui Si species except color. But usually, the price of Phnom Penh jade is lower than that of Cui Si Fei Cui. Oil green jadeite is the abbreviation of oil green species or oil immersion, and its permeability and luster look shiny. It is a low-grade jadeite that can be seen everywhere in the market. It is often used to make pendants, bracelets and rings. The green color of oil green species is obviously impure, containing gray and blue components, so it is dim and not bright enough. Bashanyu "Bashanyu" is a kind of "brick material", with coarse crystal material, loose structure, dry water and poor bottom, but rich colors, such as lavender, light green, green or blue gray, which is a special jade with low grade and containing amphibole, albite and other minerals. Dry white jadeite is white or grayish white jadeite with rough texture and poor transparency. The evaluation of jade experts is: the seed material is thick, the water is dry and moist. This variety is colorless or light-colored, and the boundaries between grains can be seen by naked eyes, so its external structure is rough and its use and ornamental value is low, so it belongs to a low-grade jade variety. At first glance, Cui Mo is shiny black, which can easily be mistaken for the jet of dushan jade or other black gems. However, under the transmitted light, it is translucent, with green in black, especially the thin Cui Mo, whose color is gratifying under the transmitted light. Burmese people use the "lover's shadow" to describe the black jade, and China people named it "Cui Mo". Tielong is full of green jade. Its mineral resources were discovered in 1990 and mined in 1994, but it was nearly exhausted in 2000, and the better quality iron dragon was scarce in the market. Identification of jadeite bracelets Generally speaking, jadeite identification refers to the identification of jadeite finished products, which can generally be divided into two aspects: instrument detection and manual identification. In instrument testing, the structural crystal is usually tested by polarizer and the refractive index is tested by refractometer. Its color elements are tested by color filter, density is measured by density method, hardness is obtained by hardness tester, and color spectrum is tested by spectrometer. The scientific nature of instrument detection is very high, and it is undoubtedly very correct to detect reliable basis with the help of modern scientific and technological means, which can only be mastered by professional workers. For the vast majority of jade lovers, it must be identified by traditional manual identification methods. The process of manual appraisal is an accumulation process, which requires a long period of practical experience accumulation. Generally speaking, we should start with the following characteristics of jadeite: 1. Structure: The structure of jadeite is a patchy structure, which refers to the structure that fine fibrous mineral crystals around transparent granular patchy crystals are interwoven under metamorphism. In jadeite, opaque or slightly transparent white fibrous crystals are intertwined to form clusters of small white flowers, so they are called "stone flowers" or "stone brains". 2. Seed pits: The seed pits of jadeite are composed of structure and texture, and jadeite is composed of small crystals. The smaller the grain, the denser the texture, the better the transparency and the better the polishing effect. In the jewelry industry, pits are divided into old pits (also known as old pits) and new pits (also known as new pits). Old pits have bright colors, high transparency and the best quality. Although the new pit is fresh and tender in color, its transparency is poor. Old pits and new pits are determined according to the age when jadeite was formed. 3. The different color grades of jadeite are highly correlated in value. When evaluating jadeite, we must distinguish its colors, mainly red, green and purple. Green in monochromatic jadeite, rich and pure purple and red are all high-grade colors in jadeite, especially green is the most expensive. Emerald green should be strong, sunny, handsome, straight and harmonious. The best green varieties are Ruby Green, Glass Green, Brilliant Green and Mabel Miao. 4. Water head is the transparency of jadeite. The higher the water head, the better and more precious the germplasm is. You must be very careful when observing the head of jadeite, because the transparency is related to the thickness of jadeite itself. In addition, special attention should be paid to the place where the jadeite finished product has been tampered with, such as hollowing out the middle of the finished product. There is also the need to pay attention to agate products, because the transparency of agate is better, so some people color agate to imitate jade. In Hongkong and Taiwan Province, the transparency of jadeite is also divided into "Tong", "Fang", "Transparent", "Ice" and "Jade", among which "Jade" is the top grade. 5. The ground for grinding jade is good, whether it is flying or emerald, the external texture should be fine and even, and the internal texture should be solid, moist, clean and full of moisture. The good ground should be coordinated with the color of jade and take care of each other, thus setting off the richness of jade color. The best jade floor is glass floor and egg white floor. There is a difference between eating dirt and eating dirt. 6. Glossy jadeite as jewelry requires high gloss, which is an intuitive reflection of the quality of jadeite and must have a strong glass luster or pearl luster of oil. 7. Feel Because of the high hardness, compact and delicate structure, good polishing degree and high finish of jade, it has a very warm and smooth feeling when touched by hand. In addition, it feels cold to stick jade on your face or on the back of your hand. 8. Perfection refers to the good perfection of jadeite, including that jadeite has no internal defects and its shape is perfect and large. We should treat this point of internal defects dialectically. Generally speaking, those without black spots, stone flowers and cracks are better than those with these flaws, but sometimes weak flaws, as long as they are not in the conspicuous part of the finished product, will not affect the price of jadeite, but will be the basis for confirming that it is genuine.