1808, Napoleon changed the bedroom of kings of past dynasties into the throne room of emperors. There is a China Pavilion in the palace, which was built by Queen Eugénie of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. The museum displays thousands of art treasures such as ancient paintings, jade jewelry, tooth carvings, jade carvings and cloisonne pagodas in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Most of these collections come from Yuanmingyuan, which is a trophy given to Queen Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte by montauban, the commander of the French army.
The forest area around Fontainebleau Palace is 1.7 million hectares, including oak, cypress, birch, beech and other trees. This used to be the place where the Wangs hunted, picnicked and entertained. There are many circular open spaces in the forest, and the star-shaped forest paths are staggered and criss-crossed. Crosses are usually built in circular open spaces, the most famous of which is the cross of St. Elam.
Among western museums, French Fontainebleau Palace is the best place to collect and exhibit the treasures of Yuanmingyuan, and the China Pavilion in the palace can be said to be the reappearance of Yuanmingyuan in the west. Fontainebleau, originally meaning "blue spring", is located 90 kilometers southeast of Paris and surrounded by 2500 hectares of forest. It has been a hunting and summer resort since ancient times. During the period of French King Louis VI (about AD 1 137), the palace was first built here. After the continuous expansion of several emperors, Fontainebleau Palace has become increasingly perfect and luxurious.
China Pavilion in Fontainebleau Palace was built by Eugénie, Queen of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. The reason for the construction is very simple, that is, to store the cultural relics looted from Yuanmingyuan-1After the British and French allied forces looted Yuanmingyuan in 860, Montaubon, commander of the French army invading China, presented the so-called loot looted from Yuanmingyuan to Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte and Queen Eugénie. At present, there are more than 30,000 famous paintings, gold and silver jewelry, porcelain, incense burners, chimes, precious stones and gold and silver vessels in China.
Walking out of Francis I Gallery, Di Anna Garden is Di Anna Garden. The garden is named after the spring water, and the Di Anna Fountain in the garden was built at the famous Di Anna sculpture site in Henry IV 1602. In order to protect the original marble statue from erosion, sculptor Pourieux copied another one in bronze.
Di Anna Garden is also called Queen's Garden or Orange Garden. From 16 to 18 century, flower beds and sculptures were scattered in the garden. Citrus reticulata is born in the garden, the orange fragrance is floating, and the breeze is Xu Lai, which is refreshing. Although the shape of this garden is pleasant today, it has lost its former appearance, and its history should be traced back to the First Empire and the July Dynasty.
From Baima Pavilion, Quanting and Francis I Di Anna Garden to the Bell Tower. Bell Tower Court, also known as Oval Court, is the most solemn part of Fontainebleau Palace Group. At the beginning, when Francis I, who loved nature, decided to rebuild Fontainebleau, in his eyes, the medieval palace built by Louis VII was like a ruin, dull and withered, destroying the surrounding scenery. Therefore, he kept the ancient and majestic bell tower alone, only slightly decorated its appearance, and all other buildings in the bell tower courtyard were replaced by Renaissance buildings designed by Gilles-Lebreton.
The building from the bell tower entrance to the arcade originated from the first construction period of 1528. St Satunin's Church was later built in 1545.
The ballroom was built during the reign of Huweilin I and was originally designed as an Italian colonnade, which was open to the public as a passage between the church and the king's room. In the original design, the ballroom was dome-shaped to make the colonnade between the windows more reasonable. Until Francis I died, the ballroom was not finished.
Felipe Delhorme took over the previous design and modified it: he finally finished the paneled ceiling and fireplace designed by Celio, and the fireplace was decorated with two bronze statues of Sartre, which was copied by Delho based on the statue that Primatis brought from Rome. Primatis himself is responsible for painting and murals. These unfinished works were created by abate and his assistants during the period of 1552- 1556. Ballroom reached its peak in 16- 17 century. Palace banquets and dances were often held, and the king's seat was located in front of the fireplace.
The Fontainebleau Palace complex consists of the main tower of a feudal castle, palaces built by the kings of the Six Dynasties, five unequal courtyards and four distinctive gardens. Because Fontainebleau Palace is too vast, in order to facilitate tourists' sightseeing, Fontainebleau Palace Museum has set up two tourist routes for tourists to choose from.
The palaces of French rulers in previous dynasties were built in the period of Francois I, built by a large number of Italian artists and designers, and later transformed into the architectural style of Renaissance by Chamberlain.
Fontainebleau means "beautiful blue spring" and is named after an octagonal Koizumi. The springs in this area are crystal clear. 1 137, French king Louis VI built a magnificent castle by the spring, which is the famous Fontainebleau Palace. Fontainebleau Palace is located in the forest of 170 square kilometers, with an area of 0.84 square kilometers. It is famous for the revival of the iron fence art in the Golden Group of Danbailu Palace in Wenfeng and the integration of traditional French architectural styles and green forests. The main buildings here are fountains, corridors, caves and dance halls, among which Tibrechi is located in the center of the garden.
After entering the iron gate of Fontainebleau Palace inlaid with gold patterns, a vast square courtyard is presented, surrounded by green carpet-like lawns, surrounded by buildings with blue roofs and white walls on three sides.
Fontainebleau's palace building is divided into two courtyards. From west to east, there is the White Horse Courtyard, which is152m long and112m wide. The main entrance faces east, and there is a huge horseshoe-shaped step in front of it. To the north of the courtyard is the annex of Francois I with the top floor, and to the south is the annex of Louis XV. There is a carp pond in the south and a Francois I promenade in the north. The East Annex was also built by Gabriel, and there are double rows of steps outside the building. There is the Louis Memorial Tower in the "Oval Courtyard", with many branches in the east and gemes Gallery opposite. The "Prince's Court" is located on the north side, surrounded by buildings in the period of Henry IV and King Louis X.
The decorative art of combining fine wood wall protection, plaster relief and mural painting has formed the unique style of Fontainebleau. The famous Francois I Promenade Hall is a typical example. Built in 1544, it is 64m long, 6m wide and 6m high. A circle of 2-meter-high golden fine wood carvings is pasted on the lower part of the wall, and a lifelike marble-like figure relief is set off on the upper part of the wall, which makes the mural more prominent and three-dimensional. The whole corridor looks splendid and elegant. The interior is beautifully decorated, and the ceiling and wallboard are walnut. The wall on the wallboard is divided into several pieces by doors and pilasters, and there is a big picture in the middle of each piece. Surrounded by baby and garland reliefs, some of them are painted with color or gold besides white. The ceiling is divided into several parts by beams, which are decorated with exquisite patterns.
Since Francois I in 1528, emperors such as Henry II, Louis XVI, Napoleon, etc. have been constantly rebuilding and expanding according to their own needs and hobbies, making them increasingly luxurious and rich. 1808 during the Napoleonic revolution, a grand and luxurious royal hall was built. The whole wall and ceiling of the hall are decorated with gold leaves in yellow, red and green tones. The floor is covered with painted carpets and chandeliers are dazzling. Its decoration can be described as a collection of hundreds of years. Its lively artistic style has had a great influence on architecture in Europe. In the future, although the surrounding palaces and gardens were transformed into British styles, their beautiful charm still lingered.
Fontainebleau Palace can also be called18th century interior decoration museum. 15 The "ballroom" built in Fontainebleau Garden in 48 years is the largest and most beautiful ballroom in the palace. It is 30 meters long and 10 meters wide. It is decorated with 50 oil paintings and 8 groups of murals, which are extremely gorgeous. Among them, there are 25 murals depicting French history in Tigana Promenade (9 existing murals). In addition, there is a conference hall full of blue and rose oil paintings and a disc gallery inlaid with 128 exquisite porcelain paintings. Francois I also collected a large number of jewels, sculptures and famous paintings here. Among them, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Raphael's Madonna on the Rock are masterpieces and have become French national treasures.
Although this palace is not as magnificent as Versailles and the vast Louvre, it is elegant and generous, giving people a quiet and warm feeling. From the perspective of architectural art, Fontainebleau can be said to be one of the representative works of French classical architecture. The architectural styles of various periods have left traces here, among which Francois I and Henry IV have made the greatest achievements. When Francois I was in Italy, he was fascinated by Renaissance art and invited a group of artists and craftsmen. Besides French architects, Italian artists also participated in the construction. The interior decoration of Italian artists is even more amazing.
Among them, artists headed by the famous Italian painter Francisco primakov formed the famous Fontainebleau School, which is actually the crystallization of the blending of French and Italian arts. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/7th century, the second phase of Fontainebleau School was formed in Bourbon Dynasty.
Fontainebleau Palace is still closely related to many French political events in history. 1685, Louis XIV revoked the Nantes order here, which caused fierce resistance from Huguenots. 1812-1814 Pope was imprisoned here by Napoleon; 18 14 Napoleon was forced to sign his abdication here.
Italian-style French Renaissance art, a palace in16th century, did not stop rebuilding and expanding until19th century, and architectural styles of various periods left traces here.