Bocote Mexican golden sandalwood (three rags)
Abstract: Dalbergia mexicana is the third rag wood of Lithocarpaceae, which is produced in southern Mexico. This kind of wood is hard and beautiful, and it is a famous tree species in the world timber market. As a precious variety that has just entered the timber market in China in recent years, Mexican golden sandalwood has high utilization value and good market prospect. Latin name of Dalbergia odorifera in Central America
Key words: Mexican golden sandalwood; Three rags; Bocott
1. Scientific names and nominators of tree species
Mexican golden sandalwood, named Sanchulagmu in Chinese and Cordia elaeagnoides A.DC in Latin, belongs to Lithocarpaceae. This tree species was named by the Swiss botanist Alfonso Pirams Candolle Augustin Pyrame de (1806- 1893, see figure 1). The name Cordia comes from the Prussian botanist and pharmacist Valerie Codas (15 15- 1544, as shown in Figure 2). Like other Lithospermum plants, this genus has trichomes on its leaves.
2. Distribution area
Sanlage is mainly distributed along the Pacific coast of southern Mexico (latitude 22 ~ 16 N, longitude 108 ~ 86 W), including Sinaloa, Jalisco, Colimma, Michoacá n and Guerrero. This tree species mostly grows in the tropical arid deciduous forest area below 500 meters above sea level, and is also found in the Rio Balsas Basin at 800 meters above sea level and the Zo Pillot region canyon near Chilpancingo.
3. Enterprise name and local name
The most commonly used commercial name of Sanchulage is Bocote (pronounced Bakoti), which is the Nahua used by Aztec Indians in Mexico, meaning giant mouth. This kind of wood is also often called Mexican rosewood and Mayan rosewood. Mexican craftsmen often call it Güeramo. Because the color of wood is ginger and bright, it is also called Barchino in Jalisco. Greta in Chiapas? A (Greta Na), Grisi? O (Grics Nuo); In Oaxaca, they are called Anacahuite, Gueri A Xin, Loliquec and Ocotillo.
Bocote sometimes refers to several kinds of plants of the family Arnebiaceae, such as Cordia alliodora, which are produced in Central America and the Amazon basin. But most of these other kinds of rags are lighter in color and less in material than Elaeagnus angustifolia. Non-endangered certificate of Dalbergia microphylla in Central America
4. Botanical characteristics
The rag is a medium to large tree, with a height of 13~33 m, a large crown, an umbrella shape and a heavy trunk, and the tree body is smaller than that of the homologous precious tree species Dalbergia. Bark thickness1.2cm, inner skin 2 ~ 5mm, outer skin 4 ~ 7mm, scaly, cracked, easy to peel off, gray. The leaves are simple, spirally arranged, ovoid or ovoid, with tapering tips and entire edges, and the length and width are about 6~ 14 cm. The leaves are dark green, the back is bright, and the coat is soft as velvet. The specific name Elaeagnus angustifolia leaves refers to green and white leaves. White peanuts are hanging on the branches. Flowers with heavy stigma, 2~2.5 cm in size, cream color, conical or umbrella-shaped inflorescence. The ovary has four cells, and each cell contains an ovule. The pod is dark brown and woody, containing 1~4 seeds, each about 6 mm, and the fruit is nuts.
Tripterygium wilfordii is one of the important tree species in southern Mexico. It grows in shallow soil formed by igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks or deep soil in river valleys, and is often associated with other tree species such as Lycopodium microphyllum and pith of Mimosaceae. Ecological researchers in the Netherlands and Mexico, such as Van Groenendael, Bullock and Perez-Jimenez, studied the ecological environment of three rags in Chamela forest in Jalisco in 1980s and 1990s: the climate there is dry, with an average annual rainfall of 707mm, and most of the rainfall is concentrated from mid-June to September; Trees with a girth of 90 cm are about 99~ 13 1 year old; In Chamela Forest, after the rainy season ends in June 5438+1October every year, three rags bloom and bear fruit at least one month later, and the fruiting period can last until February of the following year.
5. 1 field observation
Most of the logs observed in the field are 2.5 ~ 3.9 m long, and the diameter of logs is between 25 ~ 25 ~ 40cm, some of which can reach 70 cm, but few. The ends of logs are round, and some are plum blossom-shaped. There are few defects in logs, and there are a few radial fine cracks in the cross section along the wood ray direction. The outer skin is light gray, with a neat network of vertical and horizontal cracks, and the inner skin is reddish brown. The difference between heartwood and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is light in color and its width is 1~4 cm. The heartwood is dark brown, slightly fragrant, and sometimes oozes dark brown sticky gum.