-"Historical Records, Leveling Book"
Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the biggest enemy is the Xiongnu in the north. In the early days, Dahan was still in the stage of poverty and ruin. Facing the constant "startle the Huns", Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, initially adopted the strategy of controlling the barbarians by brute force, trying to solve the frontier problems by force. But after the siege of Deng Bai, Emperor Gaozu realized that the enemy was strong and we were weak, so it was not appropriate to fight hard. So he immediately changed his strategy and adopted the technique of appeasement, which satisfied the desire of Huns and realized peaceful coexistence.
During Lv Hou's reign, Morton Khan handed an insulting courtship letter: "The Queen Mother is widowed, the king is widowed, and the two are lonely. Why not replace the goods you need? " I am a lonely king, growing up in a place where wind blows grass and cattle and sheep are low, and I really want to visit the Central Plains. Now, you just lost your spouse in Lv Hou, and I'm still single. We are in the same boat, unhappy, and have nowhere to vent our pain and boredom. I sincerely hope to hold hands with you, shoulder to shoulder, heart to heart, and be together all day long to create a better future together.
In the face of such an insulting "courtship letter", Fan Kuai proposed to send troops to sweep the Huns, but Lv Hou finally listened to Lu Bu's suggestion and chose to submit to humiliation, and then sent the princess with gold, silver and jewels to set up a modu chanyu heart.
Lv Hou continued the practice of Emperor Gaozu and temporarily solved the Xiongnu problem. However, this seemingly calm situation is always overwhelming. By the time of Emperor Wendi, the veil between the Han Dynasty and Xiongnu was torn, and the apparent peace was finally completely broken.
At that time, Emperor Wendi gave the princess and Xiongnu to Khan and Qin according to the rules set by Emperor Gaozu. Six years before Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (174 BC), Modu Khan died of illness, and his son Ji Zhou succeeded to the throne, so-called Old Khan. When Emperor Wen learned of this, he immediately betrothed the imperial princess to Ji Zhou. A seemingly happy marriage was destroyed by a little guy named BOC.
At that time, Emperor Wen of Chinese chose eunuch Zhong Xingshuo as the princess's attendant. However, Zhong Xingshuo didn't want to be this thankless guard, and clearly expressed this meaning to the Chinese Emperor. However, Emperor Wen of Han believed that his reasons were not sufficient and he had to complete the task. The emperor's orders can't be violated. The Bank of China said in the complaint that it is on its way: "You must force me to go, and you will definitely regret it."
Sure enough, Wendi soon regretted it. When the Bank of China talked about the Huns, it immediately became a running dog of the Huns. He tried his best to provoke cross-strait relations, constantly provoked cross-strait disputes and carried out "anti-Han" in a big way.
First of all, he educated Huns ideologically, not to be infatuated with silks and satins sent by the Han Dynasty. These are external things that kill people's will and erode people's thoughts. They are required to be self-reliant, have adequate food and clothing, and completely get rid of the psychology of relying too much on the Han Dynasty. The second is to educate Huns to read and write, learn mathematics and physics well, travel around the world without fear, and teach them to record the population and livestock in words and draw maps for marching and fighting. In a word, under the instigation of the theory of the Bank of China, the Huns soon became restless.
In the 14th year of Emperor Wendi (BC 166), Xiongnu Khan led more than 100,000 troops to invade the border of the Han Dynasty, with fruitful results. They not only captured Chaona and Xiaoguan, but also robbed a large number of people and livestock and went straight to Ganquan Palace.
Answer blows with blows is fair competition. This is the bottom line for Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty to treat frontier issues. Seeing that the Xiongnu had seriously touched the red line, he was furious and had to personally lead the army to fight back. As a result, no one can stop him. Finally, Dou Taihou personally stopped the trip of the Chinese Emperor Fenqing.
From then on, the Huns who tasted the sweetness became unscrupulous and often went in and out of the border of the Han Dynasty to "mow grass". Among them, Yunzhong County and Liaodong County became the hardest hit areas, and even there was a tragic scene in which white bones were exposed in the wild.
A little eunuch provoked the struggle between the two countries for more than 40 years, which was unexpected by Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, incomprehensible to the Han people, and even more regrettable to future generations.
When a leopard cannot change his spots, but his nature cannot be moved to Emperor Han Jingdi, the Huns still went their own way, especially during the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. They sharpened their swords and prepared to make a shocking counterattack against the Han Dynasty. As a result, before their knives were sharpened, the rebellion was quelled and their carefully planned plan was stillborn.
Later, the wise emperor Han Jing still adopted the policy of kissing and generously gave the princess and money to the Huns. Although the Huns still don't give up, from then on, "thieves never come out."
By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Huns were like ghosts, unable to escape, unable to escape, unable to escape. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was faced with the choice of war with Xiongnu or peace. In the end, he chose to fight and resolutely fought to the end to avenge the national humiliation. This is also the second big move of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty after the ideological revolution.
If the ideological revolution of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is for the need of governing the country, then his firm pacification of Xiongnu is the need of protecting the country and strengthening the country. The reason why he dared to take the world by storm, abandoned the policy of hiding relatives handed down by Emperor Gaozu, and found another way to use force.
Indeed, after five generations of Qi Xin's policy of cooperation and recuperation, earth-shaking changes have taken place in the Han Dynasty, and the comprehensive national strength has leapt a thousand miles, with more grain, more money, more weapons and more troops.
More food solves the food problem, more money solves the clothing problem, more horses solve the transportation problem, more weapons and more troops solve the war problem. In a word, the combination of these five can solve the war problem.
Just as Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty was sharpening his knife and preparing for war, the Huns seemed to smell the ominous smell and took the initiative to throw an olive branch of "harmony". In the 6th year of Jianyuan (BC 135), Huns Khan sent an envoy to Chang 'an to meet Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and asked for a kiss.
To this end, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately held a seminar to discuss whether to accept the marriage. He did this for two purposes: on the one hand, he took the initiative to seek the opinions of ministers and gained a good reputation for being enlightened; The second is to test the expectations of ministers on frontier issues and pave the way for their military efforts to pacify the Huns.
After discussion, it changed the dreary situation of the last argument between Dou Ying and Tian Fen. The atmosphere is very hot, and the discussion between "pacifists" and "hawks" is in full swing.
First, the hawkish representative Wang Hui spoke. Wang Hui can become a representative of hawks because he has worked at the grassroots level for many years and often deals with Huns. It is his deliberate move to advocate solving the Xiongnu problem by force.
Later, Han Anguo, a representative of the peace faction, made a speech. He stressed that instead of crossing the river by feeling the stones and taking risks with the Huns, it is better to put down the butcher knife and make peace on the spot.
And the main battle, the main peace, the opposite, set each other off. When the drums were rumbling, the bones clanked and high-spirited, as if talking and laughing, and the Huns were wiped out with a flick of their fingers. The wind is gentle, the words are burning, and the lights are dim. It seems that the full moon has been spent. In the till, I raised my glass and asked Mingyue if the Han Dynasty could live in peace with the Huns forever.
It is difficult for the referee Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to say that it is fair and reasonable, while the old woman says that the old woman is right. To this end, he decided to fully promote democracy and invited the ministers attending the meeting to hold a "referendum." The results came out soon. Few people supported Wang Hui and most people supported Han Anguo.
Seeing this result, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was very helpless. His original intention was to advocate the use of force, but at this time, the results of the "ministerial intention survey" have come out, and most ministers are still conservative and willing to continue the old pro-democracy line.
In this case, just bear with it, wait a minute, wait until the conditions are ripe, and wait until the east wind comes. After weighing the pros and cons, Emperor Wudi announced that he agreed with Han Anguo and continued to make peace.
The first confrontation between the main peace faction and the main war faction ended in the victory of the main peace faction, but the main war faction is like the seeds of revolution. Although it is still a "single spark", it is inevitable to start a prairie fire.
Forbearance and bearing are double-edged swords. When it is overwhelmed and can't bear the load, it is also the time when the extremes meet. Sure enough, the relationship between Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu only went through the "honeymoon period" of just three years, and then entered the "menopause". In the second year of Yuan Guang (BC 133), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty held the second meeting to discuss the Xiongnu issue.
This time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed the traditional practice of listening to the minister before making a decision. At the beginning of the meeting, he took the initiative to put forward his own proposition: "I decorated my children to match Khan, and the gold coins were very thick. Khan didn't come and stood by, and he invaded the thief and died." I'm sorry about the murder on the border. What if we want to transfer troops to attack now? "
The words of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty expressed three meanings: I treated Huns, married princesses and gave gifts, which can be described as forbearance, but what about Huns? They invaded my land and captured my subjects, which is extremely rude, arrogant and hateful. This is not the way, so I decided to fight the Huns.
This time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed his thinking, innovated his thinking, and adopted a preemptive strategy, which truly and clearly showed his position directly.
With the kind words of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wang Huiyong, the representative of the hawk faction, gained great courage and confidence, and was the first to stand up and show his strong support by raising his hands and feet. However, peacemaker Han Anguo is not far behind. He also stood up and raised his hands and feet to express strong opposition. This time, the hawkish Wang Hui and the hawkish Han Anguo fought another fierce war of words. This time, they tell stories to tell stories. Tell the truth and convince people by reasoning; Talking about strategy is tempting.
Wang Hui gave full play to his golden tongue and expounded his strategy of defeating the enemy without fighting. To sum up, it is sixteen words: hunger, lure with interests, wait for work, ambush.
This is the plan of Mayi in history.
Wang Hui's words are well-founded, well-organized, well-thought-out and effective, which greatly pleased Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Instead of letting the argument continue, he announced that he agreed to Wang Hui as a "referee" and agreed to go to war with Xiongnu.
In this way, the world-famous "Aunt Ma Plan" was immediately implemented.
In this way, the "pseudo-intimate relationship" between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, which had been maintained for many years by the policy of closeness, was completely broken, and the superficial peace was torn apart, and a 44-year offensive and defensive war began.