This article is Li Si's memorial to Qin Shihuang. Li Si was originally a Cai native of Chu State (now Henan Province), and later went to the State of Qin to lobby and persuade the King of Qin to unify the world. He was highly valued by the King of Qin (later Qin Shihuang) and worshipped as a guest of honor. The so-called "Keqing" was a title for people from other countries to be officials in Qin State at that time. Later, in the first year of the King of Qin (246 BC), something happened: South Korea sent a water conservancy expert named to Qin State to build irrigation canals for more than 300 miles, in an attempt to consume the national strength of Qin State, and Qin State found out that he wanted to kill him. He said: "I have been a fate for several years, but it has come true, which is also the benefit of Qin." Finally, he was allowed to finish the project. The nobles of the State of Qin, whose power was affected by Qin Keqing's entry into Qin, took this opportunity to challenge the king of Qin, saying that foreign Qin Keqing had ulterior motives in entering Qin Dou and wanted to drive them away. In the tenth year of Qin dynasty, the king of Qin accepted their opinions and ordered the expulsion of all Keqing people. Reese was also exiled. So he wrote this "Book of Expulsion" and advised the King of Qin not to expel Ke Qing. This paper puts forward the viewpoint from the height of Qin's unification of the world and repeatedly expounds the mistake of expelling Ke Qing. Writing eloquently, eloquently, so moved Wu Qin, made him take back the mission of expelling guests, and restored Reese's office. And "Zhuke Shu" became a famous article. The full text consists of four paragraphs. The first paragraph illustrates Ke Qing's great contribution to Qin with historical facts, which provides a basis for demonstrating the mistake of expelling guests. The first sentence said: "As soon as I heard the official say that he would expel the guests, I felt that it was too much." Cut to the chase, cut to the chase, put forward the general argument from the beginning, which is very clear and powerful. It was clearly the marching orders from the king of Qin. The fault of expelling guests is attributed to "officials", which shows that the author uses euphemism and attaches great importance to irony strategy. Li Shen in the Song Dynasty said: "At the beginning of a sentence, you can't look back." . Then the article makes a concrete analysis. First of all, from the historical review, from Mu Gong, the 19th ancestor of Qin Shihuang, to Xiao Gong, Hui Wenjun and Wang Zhaoxiang, four examples of Qin predecessors who made a fortune by reusing Ke Qing are listed, which shows that reusing Ke Qing is beneficial to Qin. Then it is discussed in many aspects: First, it is said that the achievements of these four monarchs were achieved by appointing guest ministers, which is a summary of the above. Later, from this perspective, what did Ke Qing think of Qin? This is a further quotation and backchat. It is also said that if the four monarchs refused to invite guests instead of accepting them in a hurry, and alienated talents without using them, it would be impossible to make the people of Qin rich and strong. This is a negative assumption and inference. On the basis of enumerating historical facts, rendering them layer by layer and repeatedly demonstrating them, this paper expounds Ke Qing's important role in Qin State extremely thoroughly. After talking about the fact that Ke Qing is beneficial to Qin, get down to business and demonstrate the mistake of expelling guests. But in the second paragraph, the author turns a corner and sets up many metaphors, which shows that it is wrong for the king of Qin to love things that are not made in Qin, but to hold another attitude towards people. The metaphors in this paragraph are varied and have four meanings. On the first floor, I used jewelry and other things as a metaphor to ask: These things are not made in Qin, but your majesty likes them very much. Why? I only ask questions here and don't answer them right away, but they are self-evident and intriguing. The second layer takes playing with beautiful women as a metaphor, inferring that if things produced by Qin State must be used, then vessels made of jade, rhinoceros horn and ivory that glow at night, beautiful women of Zheng and Wei, such precious horses, and paintings of Jiangnan and Xishu should not be possessed and used by Qin State. What is used to decorate the harem, entertain concubines and please the eyes and ears must be done by the state of Qin. Then, silk embroidered clothes inlaid with pearls and earrings decorated with pearls and emeralds can't be advanced, and Zhao women who are beautifully dressed according to fashion or style can't be put aside. This layer is different from the previous one. Starting from the opposite side, it is divided into two small levels, which makes the serious harm of "Qin's mind is born before it can be developed" very thorough, indicating that it is indispensable for the treasure not produced by Qin. The third layer compares music: knocking on pottery, playing Zheng, patting thighs and singing softly are the music of Qin State; Yu Shunshi's folk local music such as Zheng and Wei, Shao and Yu, Wu and Xiang are all foreign music. Now you abandon the joy of Qin and use the joy of other countries. Why? Just for fun and comfort. This answer is near the top, far from the first floor. It can be said that it is a summary of the first three layers, which summarizes the standards of Qin's material selection and lays a good foundation for the following. The fourth layer compares people and things, pointing out that people who treat Qin are not as good as those who treat Qin. In this way, what you value is only the talents despised by dissolute treasures. This is by no means the way to unify the world and subdue the weather. Taking the great cause of reunification as the starting point, this paper explains the mistake of valuing people over expelling foreign talents. Inference is logical, transcendent and free from vulgarity, with high momentum and inspiring power. This passage is rich and varied in metaphor, flexible in writing and fluent in brushwork, which is the most wonderful part of the whole text, and predecessors are full of praise for it. Song Li Tu said: "The theory of China is not from Qin, but used by Qin, and the only one is not from Qin, not used by Qin. Repeated discussions are pleasant and win the method of composition. " The third syllogism states that expelling Ke Qing is beneficial to the enemy and unfavorable to Qin. First of all, it is pointed out from the front that Ma Zhuang has a vast territory and a large population. Metaphorically, it is emphasized that only with a broad mind can we recruit wise men and talents. The following metaphor continues to explain this view: Qinshan does not refuse the accumulation of any soil, so it can achieve great success; Rivers and seas are not picky about the inflow of any small water, so they can achieve their depth; The king who unifies the world does not exclude those who come to submit, so he can show his virtue. The metaphor of Qinshan and He Hai is a foil, which means "the king is not the public". Because of the use of parallel metaphor, it is very powerful. Then further clarify the meaning: the territory is divided into southeast and northwest, and talents come from any waiting country, which is why the five emperors, the three five emperors and the five emperors are invincible in the world. Here, the past proves the present, emphasizing the wide recruitment of talents regardless of region. Let's explain the harm of expelling guests. Here, two methods and two consequences are put forward, not only by comparing ancient and modern times, but also by comparing ourselves with the enemy. It can be seen that the marching orders are beneficial to the enemy and unfavorable to the great cause of Qin reunification, and the arguments are eloquent and powerful. The last paragraph summarizes the full text, further explaining that expelling guests is related to the safety of Qin State. Summarize the meaning of the first three paragraphs in two sentences: the first paragraph talks about things, and the second paragraph takes care of them. This shows that the attitude of "Qin must be a gentleman before it can be done" is wrong. Talking about the first paragraph of half-people's care, in order to see the inappropriateness of "going to be a guest who insults Qin" The last sentence takes care of the third paragraph and clarifies the harm of expelling guests to the state of Qin, so it is very convincing to make a statement on the interests and grasp the key points of Qin Wang's thought. These two sentences also echo the general argument of "stealing too much" put forward at the beginning of the article, which has a wonderful effect of connecting end to end and connecting front and back. When this article demonstrates the mistake and harm of expelling the guest minister in Thailand, it does not discuss the specific problem of expelling the guest minister, nor does it involve his own personal source of advance and retreat. Instead, he stood at the height of "controlling the princes to cross the sea" to complete the great cause of unifying the world, analyzed and expounded the gains and losses of the marching orders, and embodied Li Si's outstanding knowledge and his progressive political views and employment route in line with the historical trend. The idea of meritocracy, regardless of region, expressed in the article also has certain reference significance today. The Book of Persuasion and Expulsion is also highly learned. It is not only valuable in thought, but also rich in words and sentences, brilliant in literary thought and superb in writing skills. Its main features are: 1) putting facts and metaphors together to re-describe, writing a powerful paper and reasoning thoroughly. 2) The structure is tortuous, rigorous and orderly. When discussing King Tai's attitude towards things, several meanings are similar, but it is easy to say for a while, talk about it in Kan Kan for a while, and then renege; Or change a few words slightly, or change a technique, it's really ups and downs, full of twists and turns. The text echoes before and after, and the full text is comprehensive, compact and meticulous. Third, the use of parallelism and antithesis makes the article bold and unrestrained. The language form is neat and scattered, and the syllables are cadenced, which makes the full text more vigorous and unrestrained. The tendency of prose ci-fu in the book of admonition and expulsion of guests first had a certain influence on the prose and ci-fu of later generations in Han Dynasty.