First, what is "jade"
What is "jade"? There is such a description in China's ancient book Shuo Wen Jie Zi:
"Jade, the beauty of stone, that is to say, a beautiful stone that is moist and shiny can be called jade!" According to the understanding of jewelry discipline and oriental traditional literature, "jade" is broad, including Hetian jade, jadeite, jadeite, dushan jade, agate, turquoise, Yingshi, Shoushan stone and bloodstone. In the folk or jade industry, "jade" can also be narrowly divided into nephrite and jadeite. Nephrite refers to jade that contains no jadeite and is mainly composed of Hetian jade and Kunlun jade. Jadeite refers to jadeite or jadeite rock. In a certain jade industry, merchants will also refer to a certain kind of jade as "jade" for short. For example, jade is referred to as "jade" in the jade industry, or Hetian jade will also be referred to as "jade" in Hetian jade industry.
Second, what is "jade"
Jadeite is a specific variety among many jadeites, and it is a mineral aggregate mainly composed of jadeite. Besides jadeite, there are many other minerals, such as pyroxene, feldspar, amphibole and iron. The content of these trace minerals is very small and the content ratio is not very uniform.
There are some differences in understanding the so-called jadeite from the perspective of petrology and commerce. From the perspective of petrology, jadeite is a kind of rock, because it is composed of various minerals mentioned in the previous paragraph, which can be understood as a kind of jadeite rock. When the content of omphacite is high, it can also be understood as a pyroxene. In business, jadeite refers to jadeite and pyroxene with craft value and commercial value, reaching the gem level. The name of jade comes from the animal jade bird, and red or yellow is "flying"; Green is "Cui", and emerald with good water-based and rich green is "Gao Cui".
(Yuman ornaments: Feng Dan Chaoyang)
Third, the concept difference between jadeite and jade
In the jewelry discipline, "jade" is a broad concept, including: jade, nephrite, foam jade, jadeite, dushan jade, Huang Longyu, Ma Laiyu, agate and so on. And "jade" refers to a kind of jade-jade. The concepts of jadeite and jade are like "tea" and "Tieguanyin". "Tea" is a large range, including: Tieguanyin, Longjing, jasmine tea, chrysanthemum tea and so on, and "Tieguanyin" only refers to Tieguanyin. Therefore, it can be said that jade is a real jade and a member of the big family of "jade", but jade is not necessarily jade. What needs special attention is that in the jade industry chain, operators often refer to "jade" as "jade", such as buying and selling jade, doing jade business, Burmese jade, jade bracelets and so on. Jade merchants got the message. In their minds, "jade" equals "jade".
Jade is the king of jade and the only internationally recognized gem-grade jade. It has many incomparable characteristics and advantages compared with other jade varieties. Specifically, jadeite has six remarkable characteristics: rich color, stable physical properties, strong luster, high refractive index, heavy specific gravity and high hardness. In addition, gem-grade jadeite is only produced in a specific vein in Myanmar, and the uniqueness of the place of origin also determines its noble quality-"rare things are precious."
Fourth, the price difference between jade and jade.
Jade is not only different from other jadeites in quality and nature, but also in price. On the whole, the price of jadeite is the highest among all jadeites. Sometimes a glass bracelet full of green jade can reach nearly 10 million yuan, and sometimes even more than 10 million yuan. The second highest overall price is Hetian jade. In addition to the general quality of hetian jade, the price of high-quality hetian jade can also be comparable to that of upper-middle grade jade. Hetian jade is suitable for making jade bracelets because of its small size, so the price of a real suet jade and Hetian jade bracelet is close to one million yuan. Among all kinds of jade, jade and Hetian jade should be regarded as the two most expensive jade varieties, and the price of middle-grade or even low-grade jade or Hetian jade ornaments will be higher than that of other kinds of jade with the best quality grade.
In contrast, other jadeites, except jadeite and Hetian jade, have relatively low prices, and due to their own quality and consumer preferences, the prices will be different, some are slightly higher, some are slightly lower, and some are very low. For example, high-quality Kunlun jade or nephrite Russian pendant belongs to nephrite, and the price is between 1,000 yuan and several thousand yuan, which is close to the price of mid-range Hetian jade, but lower than the price of mid-range jade. The price of foam and Huang Longyu in jadeite will be much lower. A high-quality water foam bracelet costs several thousand yuan, while a pendant costs several hundred yuan, which is close to the price in Huang Longyu. Xiuyan jade, Dongling jade and agate are all low-grade jade, and their prices are very low. A jade bracelet made of this kind of jade is only one or two hundred yuan to dozens of yuan. The so-called Ma Laiyu in the market is actually dyed quartzite, which belongs to artificial fraud, and its price is equivalent to that of afghanistan white jade, mainly quartzite, or marble commonly used as building materials, which is the lowest grade jade. In fact, in the jade industry, many people do not recognize these so-called jade.
Of course, not all jadeites are the most expensive. Some jadeites with poor quality are also very cheap, and some are only tens of yuan, which is lower than the average grade agate. Among all kinds of jade, it is possible that the price of a low-grade jade will be higher than that of other high-grade jade, so the real price needs to be compared with the concrete object in order to obtain an accurate comparison.
As can be seen from the above, although jadeite, Hetian jade and Kunlun jade all have the same name: "Jade", their quality and price are quite different. If you want to know the price of related jade, you must first understand the material and properties of a given jade, and gradually understand its real price on the premise of accurately judging or identifying various jade.
Green emerald ring
"The sun and the moon are connected to the sky and can shine on the world." The rare large and full old pit glass with egg noodles and exquisite Hong Kong mosaic technology have made this unspeakable treasure. This is also one of the best treasures of Yong Cuiyuan, Sunny Days, with the current price of 6 million RMB.
Emerald earrings made of green glass
In the 2007 Sotheby's Jinbi Brilliant Jewelry Spring Auction, the jadeite diamond-encrusted double-ring earrings showed the beauty of jadeite in extremely pure colors. The cutting of jadeite jade is perfect. You can see its interlocking shape and the size of the original stone, which highlights the value of this earring.
5. Is jade better or jade better?
Unless "jade" is understood as a specific jade, the so-called "jade" refers to all kinds of jade. If "jade" refers to all kinds of jade, then jade is not as good as "jade" at this time, which shows that this is a wrong view formed on the premise of misunderstanding "jade"
If "jade" refers to a certain kind of jade other than jade, then jade has a certain contrast with it, that is, the contrast between jade and a certain kind of jade. In this contrast, we can only compare the whole jade or a certain kind of jade, but not the details. For example, in general, jadeite is better than Hetian jade, and Hetian jade is better than xiuyan jade, but the best Hetian jade is better than ordinary jadeite, and the worst jadeite is not necessarily better than high-quality agate. Therefore, it is best to compare jadeite and jade under certain conditions, rather than a general and vague comparison.
When judging the quality of jade, it is generally based on quality and personal preference. The quality of jade must be related to the physical and chemical properties of specific jade. The quality of jade is reflected in its value or price in the market. From the market point of view, it must be a specific type and a specific jade ornament with high price or value. In addition, personal preference is also an important basis to measure whether jade is good or jade is good. For example, jade belongs to cold jade, and Hetian jade belongs to warm jade. In contrast, some people like cold jade, like its masculinity and toughness, and some people like the warmth and delicacy of Hetian jade. Because there are cultural differences between China people in the same area, some people have strong traditional ideas, and may like noble jadeite or Hetian jade, while some people who accept western culture will not care about the price of jade, but pay more attention to its elegant demeanor, and will choose cheap but gorgeous green agate or black agate.
The green color of jadeite can best reflect the personality of the Chinese nation, that is, the spirit of peace, hard work and self-improvement. The green tone of jadeite is the main color of nature, representing youth, exuberance and progress, symbolizing life, and demonstrating the industrious and enterprising spirit of the Chinese nation. Moreover, the green color of jade is so mysterious, profound, subtle and solemn, pure and soft. It gives people a sense of prosperity, peace and tranquility. It represents a yearning, a sustenance, a satisfaction and an invincible force of nature. It has risen to the philosophical level, teaching people to "rule jade with virtue", and to be a man and be a jade with this view. This is the perfect combination of material and spirit. Therefore, since jade was introduced into China, it hit it off with the national spirit. On the basis of inheriting the traditional white jade culture, it created a more perfect jade culture, making jade culture and art shine the brightest light in the world.
Sixth, the difference between ordinary jade and jadeite.
1, the difference between jadeite and nephrite
Emerald is also called "jadeite", but the explanations of "nephrite" and "jadeite" in many other places are not accurate enough. In fact, "nephrite" and "emerald" were used by predecessors. This is just a habitual name. It's not that nephrite is easy to break, and jadeite is strong and can't be broken. Because the hardness of nephrite is 6.5-7, and the hardness of jadeite (jadeite) is 6.5-7, both of them have the same structure, which is the densest and most stable structure.
Nephrite can be divided into white jade, sapphire, jasper, jet, topaz, sugar jade and other important varieties according to its color. The obvious difference between nephrite and jadeite is:
(1) There are essential differences in grain shape between them.
There are essential differences in grain shape between them. The mineral grain structure of nephrite is sugar-like, while jadeite is columnar or fibrous. Jadeite has a unique "emerald", but nephrite does not have this characteristic, so we can judge whether jadeite is nephrite or nephrite from its reflective surface or light.
(2) Gloss is one of the biggest differences between jadeite and nephrite.
Gloss is one of the biggest differences between jadeite and nephrite. Anyone with a little experience can judge nephrite and jadeite by reflected light. The surface of nephrite presents a greasy luster, which is inconsistent in strength and soft and moist, so people understand it as moist jade. The reflective luster of jadeite presents a rigid glass luster with a cold chill, so it is called cold water jade;
(3) Specific gravity
The proportion of nephrite (3.00) is slightly lower than that of jadeite (3.33).
(4) refractive index
The refractive index of nephrite (1.62) is also slightly lower than that of jadeite (1.66).
Hetian jade seed material
Bing zi Yu quan noodles
2. The difference between jade and Ma Laiyu.
In daily life, people often hear the term "Ma Laiyu". In fact, the so-called Ma Laiyu is not natural untreated jade, but artificially dyed quartzite. This kind of dyed quartzite entered the life of China people as early as before China popularized the common sense of jade. In order to distinguish it from other common jade names, those mercenary businessmen have given this dyed quartzite a name that has deceived China people for many years: "Ma Laiyu". The method of identifying Ma Laiyu is simple:
(1) Ma Laiyu
The color of Ma Laiyu is mostly green, and its biggest feature is that under the observation of light transmission, the green inside is like a fishing net, and the green is regularly arranged into small particles like small fish eggs. Under normal naked eye observation, the color of Malaysian jade is brighter than that of high-quality green jade, and the green distribution is very uniform. As shown in the following figure: (The color of jadeite will not have such a shape distribution).
(The color of Ma Laiyu)
(Color characteristics of Ma Laiyu under transmitted light)
(2) concave cambered surface
Ma Laiyu's torus bottom is easy to show a concave arc surface, but jadeite will not have the same phenomenon.
(3) Specific gravity
The specific gravity and refractive index of Malaysian jade are lower than those of jadeite, so a slightly experienced person can tell jadeite from Ma Laiyu by weighing it with his hands or looking at the reflection.
3. The difference between jadeite and Australian jade (chrysotile)
Australian jade is chalcedony produced in Australia, also known as Nanyang jade. Its color is somewhat similar to jade, but its color characteristics and color distribution are essentially different from jade:
(1) minerals
Australian jade is mainly composed of aphanitic silica, which is mineralogically called chalcedony. The main component of jadeite is columnar or fibrous jadeite, and the unique "emerald" can be seen under the magnifying glass.
(2) Color
Australian jadeite is either uniform in color or has obvious parallel ribbons, mostly apple green and looks like plastic. The color and hue of jadeite will change deeply. Except for some jadeite with uniform color, most of them can see the "color root" of jadeite.
(Yuhuan noodles in Australia)
(3) The hardness of jadeite is lower than that of Australian jade, but its specific gravity and refractive index are higher than that of Australian jade.
4. The difference between Dongling jade and jadeite.
In the jewelry market, there is a translucent beaded bead, which is medium green in color (its depth changes) (occasionally carved into ornaments). Dongling jade, also known as Dongling stone, was first born in India, so it is also called Indian jade. China and Henan also have production. The difference between Dongling jade and jadeite is as follows:
(1) perspective
It can be seen from perspective light that there are parallel green chromite mica flakes in Dongling jade. Seen from the side, it often forms a green line. Observing under Charles filter, the green chromite appears red.
(2) Specific gravity
The proportion of Dongling jade is 2.65, which is much smaller than that of jadeite. You can measure it by hand.
(3) refractive index
The average refractive index of Dongling jade is 1.55, which is lower than that of jadeite.
(Dongling Jade Pendant)
(White cotton from foam)
5. The difference between ink (albite jade) and jadeite.
Water foam is a mineral combination dominated by albite, and some water foams are similar to jadeite. For example, transparent or translucent water foam is similar to the planting water of some jadeites, but they are still very different in essence:
(1) component
The main mineral of water droplets is albite, and its mineral crystal is granular, and its fracture structure is similar to that of ordinary quartzite, and it will not show its unique "emerald".
(2) Gloss
Due to the poor density and crystal structure itself, the reflective luster of water foam is weak, and the glass luster has some colloidal luster flavor. And jadeite is glass luster.
(3) Color
Blisters also have various colors, but the hue of the color is relatively light, which can't reach the best color of jadeite.
(4) Hardness
The hardness of water foam is lower than that of jadeite, so it is often scratched by other objects.
The difference between jade and jade is simple: jade is jade, but jade is not necessarily jade.