As a special service organization, the jewelry quality supervision and inspection organization plays an extremely important role in the whole jewelry industry chain. Jewelry quality inspection institutions at all levels in China play a unique role in the market economy and between consumers and jewelry industry with their unique service methods and products, and play an irreplaceable role in promoting the market to develop in a standardized and orderly direction and promoting the healthy and upward development of the whole industry. The development of jewelry quality inspection industry affects the overall development of jewelry industry.
1. Present situation of jewelry quality inspection industry in China
1. 1 Jewelry quality inspection industry has begun to take shape.
In the early stage of the development of jewelry industry, the business order was not standardized and the competition mechanism was not perfect. In just a few years, a large number of individuals, companies and enterprises engaged in jewelry processing and sales have emerged, and unfair competition and vicious competition are widespread. Some unscrupulous manufacturers lack proper business ethics. In order to pursue high profits, they have taken some measures, such as faking the real thing, shoddy goods, cutting corners, forging the place of origin, and making false discounts, which have seriously damaged the interests of consumers and dealt a heavy blow to the whole jewelry industry. The jewelry market once fell into a low tide, and many legitimate jewelry companies struggled.
Figure 6-3- 1 Dyed, bleached and filled jadeite
In order to protect the interests of consumers and promote the gradual standardization and rationalization of China's jewelry market, in the late 1980s, under the unified deployment of the former General Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision and Inspection, various provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government successively set up jewelry quality supervision and inspection stations at all levels. After nearly 20 years of development, according to incomplete statistics, there are about 163 certification and appraisal institutions in China. The national jewelry appraisal and inspection network has been formed, including national, provincial, municipal and prefecture-level jewelry inspection institutions, ministries, universities, industry associations and other jewelry inspection institutions, and the jewelry quality inspection institutions in various places have gradually formed a relatively complete system. Some appraisal institutions have branches in other cities, such as Shanghai and Shenzhen, and more than 10 jewelry quality inspection institutions are operating at the same time.
1.2 The overall level of the industry has been gradually improved.
Thanks to the strong support of governments at all levels, the overall level of jewelry quality inspection industry has been greatly improved. National centers and provincial quality inspection institutions in developed cities and regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Tianjin and Zhejiang are relatively perfect in inspection capacity, instruments and equipment, management level and technical level of personnel. The comprehensive strength of a single institution has reached the international advanced level, and it basically has the conditions to compete with foreign advanced jewelry quality inspection institutions. However, the inspection ability and technical level of municipal quality inspection institutions in some underdeveloped areas such as Gansu and Ningxia are weak, and their self-development ability is average.
Figure 6-3-2 163 Regional Distribution of Jewelry Quality Inspection Institutions in China
Figure 6-3-3 Authorization of Jewelry Quality Inspection Agency
Figure 6-3-4 NGTC technicians use Raman spectroscopy for research.
1.3 gap with overseas quality inspection institutions
Although China's jewelry quality inspection industry has developed rapidly in recent years, it still lags behind foreign jewelry quality inspection institutions in terms of management level, capital, technology research and development, talent introduction and market image.
Generally speaking, foreign jewelry quality inspection institutions have decades of development history, accumulated rich management experience and market operation experience, have flexible capital operation, and have obvious advantages in developing cutting-edge inspection equipment and technology, especially in talent introduction and training. Some institutions have also set up branches in other countries and regions, enjoying a high reputation in the world. However, domestic jewelry quality inspection institutions have not yet formed brand advantages and lack experience in marketing and market development.
2. Quality inspection institutions are the guarantee for the development of the industry.
With the strengthening of economic strength and the improvement of people's income level, China has become one of the few countries in the world where the annual consumption of jewelry exceeds 654.38+0 billion US dollars, and has always maintained an annual growth momentum of over 654.38+00%. Jewelry is gradually becoming the third largest consumption hotspot after housing and cars. As a valuable commodity, the quality of jewelry has attracted wide attention from all walks of life.
Figure 6-3-5 Appraisal Certificates Meeting Different Needs
As a third-party product testing organization, jewelry quality inspection institutions are mainly responsible for providing product identification and consulting services for consumers and jewelry industry. At present, jewelry products sold in large and medium-sized shopping malls in China basically have appraisal certificates issued by quality inspection institutions. Quality inspection institutions ensure the quality of jewelry enterprises and provide quality assurance for consumers to buy jewelry products through the form of appraisal certificates. Through extensive consultation activities, they popularize jewelry knowledge, deepen the understanding of ordinary consumers on the jewelry industry, enhance mutual understanding among consumers, enterprises and appraisal institutions, and gradually cultivate consumers' purchasing confidence, so as to make the jewelry industry develop healthily and rapidly.
With China's entry into WTO, tariff reduction, trade liberalization and the deepening of exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and foreign jewelry industries, by 20 10, China is fully hopeful to become the most competitive jewelry processing center and consumption center in the world. Testing and evaluation institutions will play an increasingly important role in this process.
3. Development trend of jewelry quality inspection industry
In the period of global economic integration, the development trend of quality inspection institutions will be marketization, internationalization and increasingly fierce competition. After 20 years of development, China's quality inspection industry has basically formed a relatively complete product quality inspection and testing system with the national center as the leader, industry centers and provincial inspection institutes as the focus, and county-level inspection institutions as the basis. Nearly 300 national product quality supervision centers have been established in China, providing effective technical support for administrative law enforcement and management services of government departments. At the same time, it has driven quality inspection institutions at all levels to actively strengthen their own construction, improve their testing capabilities and carry out scientific and technological innovation activities. With the national center as the banner, quality inspection institutions at all levels have also done a lot of work in guiding and serving local enterprises to improve the quality assurance system, technical standard system and quality assurance level, and made positive contributions to the development of the national economy.
Figure 6-3-6 3 15 Free Test Press Conference
Establishing the status of national jewelry quality inspection center, grouping inspection work and establishing the authoritative brand of quality inspection institutions are the key and direction of industry development. As the leader of jewelry quality inspection industry, National Jewelry Quality Inspection Center is the core force of jewelry quality inspection industry in China. It represents the highest level of jewelry testing in China in terms of technical level, equipment, management level and testing ability, undertakes the work of quality supervision and inspection of jewelry products, and also provides technical support for government departments. After more than ten years of development, some national jewelry quality inspection centers have reached a certain scale, strong technical strength, considerable influence in the industry, and successfully completed the integration with the market economy, initially having the ability to survive in the market economy environment.
Figure 6-3-7 3 15 Free Test Site
Facing the pressure and challenges from the international market and overseas jewelry testing institutions is an effective means for domestic jewelry testing institutions to survive and effectively participate in market competition, and it is also a core issue related to the development of China's jewelry testing industry.
When China joined the WTO, it promised to allow foreign-funded and wholly-owned enterprises to enter the inspection market in China after 2005. Domestic jewelry quality inspection industry is facing new opportunities and challenges. There will be a new pattern of internationalization of competition, intensification of testing institutions and market diversification in the testing market. In this situation, the competent government departments should follow the trend, further consolidate and strengthen the leading position of the national inspection center in the industry, and strive to establish an authoritative institutional brand in China in a relatively short period of time, so as to give full play to the technical advantages of the national inspection center, which is the most important thing related to the development of China's jewelry quality inspection industry. This requires us to change our ideas, speed up the construction and development of the national center, and form a testing entity with strong technical force and standardized management by opening branches, horizontally combining and integrating some institutions, and combining with advanced testing stations or laboratories in the jewelry industry to establish an authoritative quality inspection brand, enhance the competitiveness of domestic jewelry quality inspection institutions, and ensure the healthy development of China's jewelry quality inspection industry.
4. Problems existing in industry development
4. 1 Level difference of different inspection institutions
Jewelry quality inspection industry has a high technical content, which not only requires special testing equipment, but also requires high laboratory environment and technical level of personnel. At present, the management level, inspection ability, equipment, technical level and personnel quality of jewelry quality inspection institutions vary from place to place. The instruments, equipment and inspection conditions of some inspection institutions can not meet the requirements. The quality of inspectors is not enough, and the understanding and implementation of inspection methods and standards are not in place. The management level of inspection institutions is not high, and it is not standardized in working procedures, sample management and inspection reports. At the same time, due to the strong subjectivity of jewelry appraisal, each inspector has different scales, and the appraisal conclusions of the same product are different, which makes the phenomenon of repeated appraisal quite common, which also increases the burden on enterprises and consumers to some extent.
Figure 6-3-8 On-site Investigation and Consultation Activities of NGTC International Jewelry Exhibition
Compared with national and provincial quality inspection institutions, some prefecture-level jewelry quality inspection institutions and commercial laboratories recognized by laboratories have some gaps in laboratory scale, staffing, equipment and management level, and they are not professional enough to perform supervision tasks or testing work, and their understanding of implementation methods and standards is biased, which may lead to wrong judgment. The competent department should consider integrating some laboratories through reasonable resource allocation, so as to improve the detection ability of such laboratories, so as to truly promote the development of the industry, safeguard the interests of consumers and effectively serve the market economy.
4.2 The management of individual inspection institutions is not standardized, and there are even serious violations of the law.
Individual testing units have insufficient working experience and inadequate staffing. Some even have only 2-3 people, and are not equipped with necessary testing equipment, so the accuracy of testing data is difficult to guarantee and the reliability of work quality is poor. Some institutions have not even been certified by any laboratory, and instruments and equipment have not been regularly verified, so the data and inspection conclusions issued are not authentic and effective. However, this kind of invalid detection has proved to exist in many areas, and the existence of this phenomenon has also greatly damaged the fairness and seriousness of laws and regulations. In addition, individual testing institutions make false appraisals due to negligence or issue personal reports for merchants for various reasons, deliberately raising the level of the goods being appraised, damaging the interests of consumers, and also reducing consumers' trust in the appraisal institutions, affecting the independent and fair image of the appraisal institutions.
Some certified or recognized laboratories are not correctly positioned as social public welfare technical institutions, but set up testing points in different places for the purpose of economic benefits. Their inspection points have not been certified in personnel, environment and equipment, and some even contracted to local companies or individuals, making the inspection work a family workshop and lowering the inspection standards at will, resulting in many errors in the inspection results, seriously damaging the interests of consumers and production and operation enterprises and disrupting the market order.
4.3 The competition mechanism needs to be improved.
Competition between national centers, between national centers and local quality inspection institutions, and between local quality inspection institutions is widespread. Due to the lack of unified strategy, planning and strong coordination, disorderly competition is widespread. In particular, the repeated construction of quality inspection institutions in some areas has made some quality inspection institutions seize the market by secretly dismantling channels, reducing fees and issuing false reports, which has disrupted the market competition order, damaged the credibility and third-party status of quality inspection institutions and restricted their long-term development.
4.4 Competitive pressure of overseas quality inspection institutions
In 1990s, internationally renowned jewelry testing institutions such as Gemological Institute of America (GIA) and Belgian Diamond High Council (HRD) took jewelry training as the guide and entered the Chinese jewelry industry in a planned and step-by-step manner. The inspection volume of the above-mentioned institutions is more than several hundred thousand pieces every year. Once they enter the China market, it will have a great impact on the domestic jewelry quality inspection industry. Although the jewelry quality inspection industry in China has formed a relatively perfect system after more than 10 years of development, it still lacks considerable competitiveness in the face of these overseas institutions with decades of history.