New Fairy Tales, by Countess Segur, translated by Huang Hong.
one
From 65438 to 0856, the 57-year-old Countess Segur entered the literary world with her debut novel The New Fairy Tale, and suddenly became an important writer who created French children. Her 20 works published since then have accumulated high popularity and reputation for the "Pink Book Series", and Count Segur has become the golden signboard of the "Pink Book Series", and her works have been translated into many languages and widely circulated, creating the publishing industry.
1799 was born in Petersburg, and 1874 died in Paris. The life experience of the Countess Segur is also full of colors. Born into a noble family in Russia, he is a descendant of the royal family of the Golden Horde. It is said that he is of noble descent, the famous Earl of fyodor Rostopchin, the godfather is Tsar Paul I, and there are 45,000 hectares of fertile land and 4,000 serfs in his family. The former czar also hired Scottish agronomists to guide farming in the manor. Little Sophie received a traditional and rigorous aristocratic family education since she was a child. She knows five languages, so French is a natural thing. 18 16 years, the count moved to Paris with his family. Three years later, Sophie went on camera and married Count Eugè ne de Segur. Ou Ren is a handsome boy, and the young couple are also loving and beautiful for a while, but the good times don't last long. The nature of Ouren's dissolute son will soon be revealed. He dresses well every day and is worth a lot of money. He not only plays around outside, but also often hangs out with the maids at home unscrupulously.
1820, Ou Ren, Sophie and their eldest son, gaston, went to a relative's home for a holiday, lived in the last generation manor, and visited a place for sale during the period. The birch trees in the garden remind her of her hometown, Woluo. 1822, 1 month, Count Rostopchin, who came back with his family, bought this set for his daughter, so that her daughter who stayed in France could have a place of her own, and secondly, she could talk about homesickness and miss her family. From then on, Noette, located in the countryside of Aubrey, became the permanent residence of the countess and her children, and they spent many wonderful times here.
The wife who was completely disappointed with her husband turned to devote all her love to her eight children, followed by her grandchildren. "Good grandmothers of all children" are best at telling stories and telling all kinds of fantastic or touching stories made up by themselves. 1855, in order to amuse her two little granddaughters, Camier and Madeleine, who were going to live in London with their parents, my grandmother wrote five ups and downs and thought-provoking stories, which were published by Gustav Dole in the name of "New Fairy Tales" the following year and became an instant hit. Grandma was encouraged and decided to write a book for every child in the family from now on. Later, Sophie's Trouble (1858), Little Lady (1858) and Sophie's Holiday (1859) were also deeply loved by children, and more than 20 books were written out of control.
two
New Fairy Tales is a lazy title, but it fits the style and content of this book. French "fairy tale" is "conte de fée", that is, the story of a woman. The story of the goose from Charles Perrault (1628- 1703) and the fairy tale of Countess Donovan (1650- 1705) are at the end of 17. There are good girls, such as the kind girl in Princess Blonde, the kind girl in Little Henry, the all-around girl in Princess Rose and the funny girl in PANDA KID. There are also bad girls, such as the "annoying" girl in Little Grey Mouse and the furious girl in PANDA KID. ...
In addition to women, there are elves, as well as changes and laws. A good woman turned into a doe, her son turned into a cat, the evil spirit of the forest turned into a green parrot to find the blonde princess, the "annoying" woman turned into a little gray mouse, the furious woman turned into a plague, and the funny woman turned into a lark ... The kind doe let the blonde princess sleep for 7 years and completed her education in her sleep (this should be the dream of many children. I woke up and found myself growing and thinking. As soon as the all-powerful woman recited a spell, the crumpled rag skirt, coarse shoes and socks, hazelnut necklace, hawthorn hair clasp and bracelet made of dried beans on the little Princess Rose became satin inlaid with gold and silver, and the jewelry she wore was not a diamond as big as a pear, but a pearl as big as a walnut and a sapphire as big as an egg. Little Henry can ride the stick that the wolf gave him and go anywhere he wants, and he will become tired and look old after scratching his paws with the cat.
The "new fairy tale" also follows the narrative techniques or routines of many traditional fairy tales.
Routine 1: The plot structure is rigorous and firm, and the story always begins with "Once upon a time …", while the protagonist in the middle encounters all kinds of difficulties and hardships, and finally the rain clears up and ends with "Happiness from now on".
Routine 2: The story is typed. The blonde princess reminds people of Countess Donovan's Bluebird. Both of them are kind and beautiful princesses VS black bellies. It is not difficult to see Cinderella's shadow, arrogant and overbearing sister, neglected sister, amazing magic cross-dressing and court dance in Princess Rose. Gray Mouse is a typical story of curiosity kills the cat. There is always a room that is not allowed to be opened and a disobedient Xiong Haizi. ...
Routine 3: Theme setting, the theme of traditional fairy tales boils down to one word, that is, "punishing evil and promoting good", and good fruit breeds evil. In the binary opposition of beauty and ugliness, the ultimate value orientation is not to suppress righteousness and complain. For example, Princess Blonde's attendant is greedy for gourmain Ding. In order to fill a box of sweets and desserts, he is always kind to his young master. As a result, while he was riding a mule and slipping away with a box of candy and a wallet full of gold given to him by the queen, the naughty and stubborn mule tripped, and gourmain Ding fell headlong and hit his head on a stone, and died on the spot. The farmer who was cruel to PANDA KID was eaten by a bear soon after driving away PANDA KID. The snobbish housekeeper was bitten to death by a snake the night her master swept her away. The owner of the blacksmith's shop who spoke ill of PANDA KID was caught by the guys in the blacksmith's shop, and was thrown into the blazing fire because of his harsh employees ... Little Henry, who was filial, brave, enthusiastic and kind, got help from women and animals along the way, and finally got the grass of life and cured his dying mother. The two of them live a carefree and simple life.
three
Although the fairy tale of Countess Segur is traditional in nature, the story is much more interesting because of a "new dress" that is quickly called "child".
Compared with Perot's fairy tales and Grimm's fairy tales, Countess Segur's "New Fairy Tales" is relatively long, with more characters and scenes and more complicated plots. Rhetorical devices such as repetition, exaggeration and contrast make the story more dramatic and appealing, and create a more colorful and magnificent fairy tale world. For example, Princess Blonde has a chapter 10, and the characters with names have 1 1, plus a group of handmaids who turn into antelopes and evil spirits who turn into green parrots. On the way to repentance and redemption, the princess also met toads, crows, frogs, cows and turtles ... "Good boy Little Henry" has seven chapters, except for her sick mother and little Henry. In the process of searching for the grass of life, little Henry saved the crow trapped by the trap set by the bad boy, the rooster chased by the fox and the frog that was about to be swallowed by the snake. Later, with the help of crows, roosters and frogs, he completed the tasks of little old man, mountain god, giant wolf and little Henry, and finally got the grass of life from the doctor. There are five chapters in Little Princess Rose, and there are six people with names. There are people with little roses, farm dwellers without names, attendants and maids of kings, queens and courts, and princes from all over the world come to visit the palace. "Little Grey Mouse" consists of five chapters. There are five characters with names, an elf king, officers and men under the prince, attendants and servants, and an old woman and an owl. There are 13 chapters in PANDA KID. There are 9 people with names and countless anonymous people and animals.
Professor francoise Lavokat (Fran? Ms. oise Lavocat) made a very detailed study of the figures who appeared in Britain between 1790 and 1870. A large number of data show that the number of people in the19th century has obviously increased compared with the past, and the population distribution in the fictional world is inextricably linked with the real reality. Especially with the colonial expansion, industrial progress and urbanization development after the great geographical discovery, reality is also projected intentionally or unintentionally in the fantasy fairy tale world. With the popularization of education, the prosperity of newspapers, periodicals, books, publishing and printing industries, and the rapid development of popular culture, fairy tales have become as popular as fairy tales. They are no longer just the love between the princess and the prince, nor are they just the realm of peace. Reality and its reappearance are reflected in the delicate description of daily life and customs. For example, little Henry is a child of a poor family. He cut wheat, harvested grapes, hunted and caught fish on the way to find the grass of life, which made young readers have a concrete understanding of labor and all walks of life: cut wheat with sickle, beat wheat with flail, and then grind, knead and bake bread in the mill; Picking grapes with a branch cutter, and then putting them into wooden barrels to make wine; Hunting, then plucking the prey, cutting it into pieces, making it into meat sauce and barbecuing it; Catch the fish with a fishing rod and hook, and then cook and marinate the fish. Another example is PANDA KID, who lives on a farm with his mother Agra and the maid Pasler. She must clean up and milk the cows. Every Tuesday, Agra drives donkeys to the market and sells vegetables, fruits, butter, eggs and cheese produced by the farm. PANDA KID went out to look for a job after the farm caught fire, and was driven away by the farmer, housekeeper and blacksmith shop owner. The ending of the blacksmith's shop owner is quite intriguing: "Because it was too harsh on the workers, I was arrested and thrown into the raging fire, and I died in the blink of an eye." Do you also feel the flame of class struggle?
The psychological description of the new fairy tales is also brilliant. Whether it is regret, fear, jealousy, inner struggle, or surprise and relief, there are emotional brewing and story foreshadowing, and the characters are full and distinctive. Some French scenes are quite flashy, especially the princess's costume, the woman's chariot and the prince's palace.
four
1697, Perot, who is nearly 70 years old, published this story with moral lessons in the name of his youngest son Pierre Damangou (19 years old). The words "The Story of Goose" were only printed on the cover of the original edition in the form of an inscription, but because this approachable inscription was so deeply rooted in people's hearts, it replaced the later title anyway. Perot clearly pointed out in the preface of Fairy Tales Collection: "All my fairy tales have creative purposes. They first inspire people to be honest, patient, far-sighted and diligent, and they still want these qualities when all kinds of misfortunes force people to deviate from these excellent qualities. " As one of the conscious children's literature works in the history of China's children's literature, the tradition of "moral admonition" established in The Story of the Goose was continued by later children writers.
The fairy tales of Countess Segur also reflect this strong intention of moral education. First of all, her creative motivation is "fairy tale education", which guides her descendants to be true, good and beautiful through twists and turns and bizarre moving stories. Her plot completely conforms to the moral discipline of19th century, eulogizes the good aspects of human nature such as kindness, courage, honesty, diligence, enthusiasm, trustworthiness, tenacity and wit, and criticizes insidiousness, cruelty, laziness, cunning, greed, selfishness, hypocrisy and jealousy. The blonde princess's weakness is that she likes to listen to flattery. As a result, she mistakenly believed the gossip of parrots, and even suspected the good doe and handsome cat who had always regarded her as their relatives. She picked the roses and felt guilty on the ruins covered with thorns, thistles and nettles. Finally, after riding on the turtle's back for six months, she overcame the law with her courage and perseverance and made up for her mistakes. Lori's weakness is her curiosity. Once she didn't listen to her and opened the hut with a key. As a result, the "annoying" girl who became a squirrel was released. The second time, driven by curiosity, she went to see the wedding gift prepared by the prince in advance, and the prince's palace collapsed instantly. The third time, Lori helped an old woman look after a jewelry box. This time, she finally held back her curiosity, did not listen to the instructions of the little gray mouse, and finally reunited with her relatives and lived a happy life. Good boy, little Henry is filial, hardworking, helpful and persistent. Princess Rose has the advantages of obedience and honesty, while PANDA KID is the embodiment of kindness, gentleness and courage, full of sacrifice. ...
Perot said, "A fairy tale is like a seed, which initially arouses only children's feelings of joy and sadness. However, gradually, the bud breaks through the epidermis of the seed, germinates, grows and produces beautiful flowers. " Countess Segur's New Fairy Tale is such a seed, accompanying you to grow up and face the light.
(The New Fairy Tale by the French writer Countess Segur was translated and published by Yilin Publishing House from June 5438 to June 20221October, and translated by Huang Hong. This article is the preface of the Chinese version, originally titled "The New Clothes of Fairy Tales". )
Editor in charge: Liang Jia
Proofreading: Luan Meng
The above is about the fox's hand wearing a silver bracelet, and it is about the fox's sharing. Don't wear the bracelet of your left hand after reading it. I hope this will help everyone!