There are long words and short sentences, but the number of words in the whole article is certain. The level of each sentence is also certain
Words can be roughly divided into three categories: (1) poem; (2) alto; (3) Long tune. Some people think that words below 58 are minor, words from 59 to 90 are middle key, and words below 9 1 are long key [1]. Although this division is too absolute, the general situation is still the same.
There are already some middle tones and long tones in Dunhuang Quzi Ci. Liu Yong wrote some long tunes in the early Song Dynasty. Su Shi, Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian and others followed closely, and long tunes became popular. The characteristics of long tunes, in addition to the large number of words, are generally sparse phonology. (1) Inscription
The epigraph is the name of the word format. The form of words is different from that of metrical poems: there are only four forms of metrical poems, but there are always more than 1000 forms of words [2] (these forms are called word spectrum, see the next section for details). People can't call them the first class, the second class and so on, so they are given some names. These names are epigrams. Sometimes, several formats share a epigraph because they are several variants of the same format; Sometimes, the same format has several names, just because the names are different.
About the origin of epigraph, there are about the following three situations:
(1) was originally the name of music. For example, "Bodhisattva Man" is said to be due to the tribute paid by female barbarians in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. They wear high buns, golden crowns and garlands (garlands are jewels), like bodhisattvas. At that time, the teaching workshop was also divided into "Bodhisattva Manqu". It is said that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty loved to sing the word "Bodhisattva Crossing the River", which was a popular song at that time. "Xijiang Moon", "Pine Wind" and "Recent Flowers" all belong to this category. These are folk tunes.
(2) Select several words from one word as word cards. For example, Qin Yi E, because the first two sentences of the first word written according to this format are "Xiao Shengyan, dream broken", so the epigraph is called E [4]. Also known as Qin Louyue. Memory of Jiangnan was originally named Looking at Jiangnan, also known as Xie Qiuniang. However, Bai Juyi has a poem praising "Jiangnan is good", and the last sentence is "Can you not remember Jiangnan", so the epigraph is also called "Jiangnan Memory". Dream Like Fantasy, originally named Yi Xian Zi, was later renamed Dream Like Fantasy, which was written by Zhuang Zong in the late Tang Dynasty, because it contained such sentences as "Dream like a dream, the waning moon is full of flowers and smoke". Niannujiao is also called no return to the river, because Su Shi has a poem Niannujiao, and the first sentence is "no return to the river". Because Su Shi's last three words are "the moon on the Yangtze River", it is also called "the moon on the Yangtze River".
(3) Whether it is a word or a question. The lyrics of "Treading on a Horse" are about dancing, the lyrics of "Riding and Dancing" are about riding and dancing, Ai Naiqu is about boating, the fishing song is about fishing, the waves are about scouring the sand, the ball throwing music is about throwing hydrangeas, and the lost son is about the night. This situation is the most common. What is the note below the inscription? Original intention ",that is to say, epigraph is also a topic, there is no other topic.
However, most words are not "original". Therefore, epigraph is also a topic. Generally, the topic is marked with smaller words under the inscription. In this case, the inscription has nothing to do with the inscription. A "Waves on the Beach" is not about waves or sand at all; A poem "Recalling Jiangnan" can also not talk about Jiangnan at all. In this way, the epigraph is just the code name of the word spectrum.
(2) Monotonous, bicolor, triple and quadruple.
The words are monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic and tetrasyllabic.
A monotonous word is often a poem. Just like a poem, only long and short sentences. For example:
Yugezi [5]
Zhang
Egrets fly in front of mount cisse,
Peach blossom and flowing water mandarin fish fertilizer.
Keywords green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber,
There is no need to return to the oblique wind and drizzle.
well
[Song] Li Qingzhao
Last night, it was raining and suddenly the wind blew.
Deep sleep won't leave a hangover.
Ask the shutter man,
However, Haitang remains the same.
Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what?
It should be green, fat and thin!
Some disyllabic words are minor, others are alto or long. Disyllabic is to divide a word into two parts [6]. The number of words in the two lines is equal or almost equal, and so is the level tone. In this way, an equal number of words is like a music score with two lyrics. Unequal, usually the first two or three sentences are different in quantity or level, which is called "head-changing" [7]. Disyllabic is the most common form in words. For example [8]:
Hang (Binzhou Hotel)
[Song] Qin Guan
Mist lost the balcony,
The maze of the moon,
Taoyuan is nowhere to be found.
Can be lonely as a cold spring;
The sun sets in the cuckoo's song.
Bottoms,
Fishbone,
Build by laying bricks or stones into this disgusting appearance!
Fortunately, Chen Qiang bypassed Chen Shan.
Who gave up Xiaoxiang for?
Quail day
[Song] Xin Qiji
Banners with a history of 100 years can hold thousands of people.
Brocade suddenly rode across the river at first.
The night in Yan Bing is full of silver (leather on the left).
The arrow flew towards the golden servant.
Chasing the past,
Sigh today.
The spring breeze did not stain the white beard.
However, the word "swastika" is flat and military.
In exchange for the owner's tree planting book.
He Xinlang (send Hu Bangheng to NSW)
[Song] Zhang
Dream around shenzhou road. The autumn wind draws corners,
The Forbidden City is far from Xiaomi.
The bottom layer is mainly Kunlun.
Nine rehmannia flow disorderly injection?
Gather in a thousand villages.
God's will is never easy to ask,
It is easy to be sad when you are old, but difficult to sue.
More Nanpu,
Send you away.
The cold willows on the shore urge the waste heat.
Sparse stars and pale moon,
The cloud broke.
Does Wan know where it is?
Looking back at the night talk.
Before the geese arrived,
Whose book is it?
Look up at the sky, cherish the present,
Ken had a grudge against Cao.
Raise the white flag,
Listen to the golden thread
("Who can't be a goose without books?" According to the law of words, one sentence should be read. )
Like "Step on Shakespeare" and "The Fisherman's Pride", the words before and after are exactly the same. In other words, the number of words before and after is basically the same.
Three stacks are three shovels, and four stacks are four shovels. Triple and quadruple words are rare, so I won't give examples here.