2. Green solid: basic copper carbonate
3. Blue solid: copper hydroxide, copper sulfate crystal.
4. Violet black solid: potassium permanganate
5. Pale yellow solid: sulfur
6. Colorless solids: ice, dry ice and diamonds.
7. Silvery white solids: metals such as silver, iron, magnesium, aluminum and mercury.
8. Black solids: iron powder, charcoal, copper oxide, manganese dioxide and ferroferric oxide (carbon black, activated carbon).
9. Red-brown solid: iron hydroxide
10, white solid: sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, copper sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide and magnesium oxide.
The commonly used metals for expanding data are: iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, etc.
1. Iron is a metal element with atomic number 26, and the chemical formula of iron is Fe. Pure iron is white or silvery white with metallic luster. Melting point 1538℃, boiling point 2750℃, soluble in strong acid and medium acid, insoluble in water. Iron has zero, +2, +3 and +6 valence, of which +2 and +3 valence are common and +6 valence is rare.
Iron is widely distributed in life, accounting for 4.75% of the earth's crust content, second only to oxygen, silicon and aluminum, ranking fourth in the earth's crust content. Pure iron is a silvery white metal with good flexibility and ductility, which is used to make iron cores of generators and motors. Iron and its compounds are also used to make magnets, medicines, inks, pigments, abrasives, etc. It is one of the "black metals" in industry.
2. Aluminum and its alloys are one of the most widely used and economical materials at present. Since 1956, the world's aluminum output has surpassed copper, ranking first among non-ferrous metals. At present, the output and consumption of aluminum (in tons) are second only to steel and become the second largest metal used by human beings. Moreover, aluminum is very rich in resources. According to preliminary calculation, the mineral reserves of aluminum account for more than 8% of the components of the crust.
Light weight and corrosion resistance of aluminum are two outstanding characteristics of its performance.
Copper is one of the earliest metals used by human beings. As early as prehistoric times, people began to mine open-pit copper mines and use the obtained copper to make weapons, tools and other utensils. The use of copper had a far-reaching impact on the progress of early human civilization.
China has a long history of using copper. About six or seven thousand years ago, China ancestors discovered and began to use copper. 1973, a semicircular copper chip was unearthed at Jiangzhai site in Lintong, Shaanxi Province, and was identified as brass. 1975, a bronze knife (about 3000 BC) was unearthed at the Majiayao cultural site in Linjia, Dongxiang, Gansu. This is the earliest bronze found in China at present, and it is the proof that China entered the Bronze Age.
The Romans knew about zinc, but seldom used it. It was first recognized as its own metal in India. There is a zinc smelter in Zahoual, Rajasthan, which uses waste zinc. It is proved that the large-scale refining is from 1 100 to 1500.
/kloc-China carried out large-scale zinc smelting in the 6th century. The ship of the East India Company sank off the coast of Sweden on 1745. The cargo on board was zinc from China. The analysis of the recovered metal ingots proves that they are almost pure metals.
5. Tin is a metallic element with silvery white luster and low melting point. It is divalent or tetravalent in compounds and will not be oxidized by air. It mainly exists in the form of dioxide (cassiterite) and various sulfides (such as cassiterite). Element symbol Sn. Tin is a famous "hardware"-one of gold, silver, copper, iron and tin.
As early as ancient times, people discovered and used tin. In some ancient tombs in China, tin pots, tin candlesticks and other tin utensils are often excavated. According to research, during the Zhou Dynasty in China, the use of tin ware was very common.