Caesar
At that time, Egypt was ruled by King Ptolemy 13, who was only 13 years old, and his 20-year-old sister Cleopatra VII (69-30 BC). The two brothers and sisters fought against each other because of discord. Cleopatra VII, with both talent and color, turned to Caesar for help. Caesar was fascinated by his charm and helped her fight against the hostile citizens of Alexandria. But Caesar led only a few soldiers at that time, and his strength was weak, but he was imprisoned in the palace. Soon after, reinforcements from Asia Minor (Turkey) arrived, and Caesar and Cleopatra VII finally defeated King Ptolemy's army. King Ptolemy fell into the sea and drowned on his way to escape. Around March 47 BC, Caesar defeated the son pharmacy of Mitridati, the king of suffering, and sent back the good news of "vein, video, vice" to Rome. In April 46 BC, Caesar defeated Pompeii at the Battle of Tarsus in Tunisia. In March 45 BC, the ruins of Pompeii were completely destroyed in Monad, Spain.
William shakespeare (1564— 16 16) was the most important writer in Britain and Europe during the Renaissance. He was born into a merchant family in Stratford, central England. When I was a teenager, I received basic education in the local grammar school, studied Latin, philosophy and history, and got in touch with the works of ancient Roman playwrights. Later, he dropped out of school to make a living because of his family's decline. When Shakespeare was young, famous troupes often toured the countryside, which cultivated his interest in drama. 1585 or so, he left his hometown and went to London. First he worked as a handyman in the theater, then he became an actor, and then he changed to writing plays. Shakespeare not only participated in performances and screenwriters, but also had extensive contacts with society, and often went to court or went to the countryside with the troupe. These experiences broadened his horizons and laid the foundation for his creation.
1590 to 1600 is the early period of Shakespeare's creation, also known as the historical drama and comedy period. During this period, Shakespeare's humanistic thought and artistic style gradually formed. At that time, Britain was in the heyday of Queen Elizabeth's rule, with stable and unified kingship and prosperous economy. Shakespeare is full of confidence in realizing humanistic ideals in the real society, and his works are full of optimism and clarity. During this period, he wrote nine historical plays, including Richard III (1592), Henry IV (parts I and II) (1597- 1598) and Henry V (10). The basic theme of the script is to support the central kingship, condemn the feudal tyrant and praise the enlightened monarch. For example, "Henry IV" shows the picture of the turbulent domestic situation. The nobles United against the king, but the rebellion was finally quelled; The prince lived a dissolute life earlier, but later he made a mistake and made great contributions to quelling civil strife. In the play, historical facts and artistic fiction are highly unified. Falstaff is one of the most vivid characters. He is selfish, lazy and timid, but he is alert, intelligent and optimistic, which makes people laugh.
The comedies created in this period include poetic A Midsummer Night's Dream (1596), The Merchant of Venice (1597), The Merry Wives of Windsor (1598), and Much ado about nothing (/) The basic themes of these plays are love, marriage and friendship, which are full of lyrical colors and show Shakespeare's ideal of humanistic life. At the same time, he also wrote three tragedies such as Romeo and Juliet (1595). Although the work has a sad side, the basic spirit is the same as comedy. Shakespeare also wrote the long poems Venus and adonis (1592- 1593), The Shame of Lucretius (1593- 1594) and 154 sonnets.
[Name] Albert Einstein (Jewish theoretical physicist)
Albert Einstein (1879- 1955)
The greatest physicist of the 20th century. Einstein was born in a Jewish family in Ulm, Germany. Influenced by his uncle as an engineer, he was enlightened by natural science and philosophy since he was a child. 1896, Einstein entered the normal department of Zurich University of Technology to study physics, and obtained Swiss nationality in 190 1 year. The following year, he was hired as a technician by the Swiss Patent Office in Bern, engaged in technical appraisal of invention patent applications. He used his spare time to engage in scientific research and made historic achievements in 1905. 1909, Einstein left the Swiss Patent Office and became an associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich; 19 12 became a professor at his alma mater, Zurich University of Technology; 19/kloc-returned to Germany in 0/4, and served as the director of the Institute of Physics of Emperor William and a professor at the University of Berlin. After the establishment of the fascist regime, Einstein was persecuted and forced to leave Germany. 1933 moved to the United States and served as a professor at Princeton Institute of Advanced Studies until 1945 retired.
Einstein is one of the most creative and intelligent figures in human history. He created four fields of physics in his life: special relativity, general relativity, cosmology and unified field theory. He is one of the main founders of quantum theory, and has also made great contributions to the theory of molecular motion and quantum statistics.
1905, Einstein published a paper on electrodynamics of moving objects, put forward the principle of relativity in a special sense and the principle of invariance of light speed, and established the special theory of relativity. On this basis, he further obtained the mass-energy formula E=mc2 with the same mass and energy. The special theory of relativity reveals the unity of space and time, as the unity of mechanical motion and electromagnetic kinematics as the existing form of matter, further reveals the unity of matter and motion, and lays a theoretical foundation for the utilization of atomic energy.
George Bernard Shaw, George Bernard Shaw (1856- 1950)
Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright. He was born in Dublin, Ireland. His father was a court official, but later he failed in business and was addicted to wine making, so his mother left home to teach music in London. Influenced by his mother, Bernard Shaw likes music and painting since childhood. After graduating from the American-Israeli-American Missionary Middle School in Dublin, he was unable to pursue further studies due to financial constraints. 15 years old, working as a copywriter and later as an accountant. From 65438 to 0876, he lived in his mother's office in London, writing music reviews for Star, drama reviews for Saturday Review and journalism.
Bernard Shaw's world view is very complicated. He accepted the philosophical thoughts of Bergson, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche and studied Marx's Das Kapital. /kloc-joined Fabian Society in 0/884, advocating gradual improvement to change the capitalist system and opposing violent revolution. In art, influenced by Ibsen, he advocated writing about social issues and opposed the idea of "art for art's sake".
Bernard Shaw's literature began with novel creation, but his outstanding achievement is drama. "His plays make him the most fascinating writer of our time" (award speech). In the nearly 64 years from 1885 to 1949, he * * completed 5 1 scripts. In the early stage, it was mainly unpleasant dramas, including Widower's House (1892), Dangzi (1893) and Mrs. Warren's Occupation (1894). Happy drama series consists of weapons and people (1894), condida (1894), man of the hour (1895) and unpredictable (1896). The third drama collection is called Drama for the Puritans, including The Devil's Disciples (1897), Caesar and Cleopatra (1898) and The Transformation of Captain Brasband (1897).
Hua
Hua is a modern mathematician in China. 1910165438 was born in Jintan county, Jiangsu province, and 1985 died in Tokyo, Japan in June. Hua is an internationally famous mathematician. He was elected as a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences, a member of the Third World Academy of Sciences and a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences of the Federal Republic of Germany, and was awarded honorary doctorates by Nancy University in France, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Illinois in the United States.
Luo Geng has made outstanding contributions in a wide range of mathematical fields, such as analytic number theory, matrix geometry, typical groups, automorphic function theory, multiple complex variable function theory, partial differential equations, high-dimensional numerical integration and so on. Because of Hua's great contribution, many theorems, lemmas, inequalities, operators and methods are named after him. Published nearly 300 monographs and academic papers.
Qian Xuesen
Qian Xuesen is a modern scientist in China, a world-famous rocket expert, an engineering cybernetic expert in China, a system engineering expert and a system science thinker. Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang191year1February1day, born in Shanghai. 1934 graduated from jiaotong university, 1935 went to the Massachusetts institute of technology to study abroad, got a master's degree the following year, and then transferred to California institute of technology for further study under the guidance of tutor T.von Carmen. After receiving his doctorate from 65438 to 0938, he stayed in school to teach, engaged in rocket and missile research. 1947- 1955, professor at MIT and Caltech. After returning to China from 1955, he has served as a member of the Aviation Committee, vice president and dean of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, president of the China Academy of Space Technology, vice minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry, deputy director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, making great contributions to China's national defense cause.
Lu Xun (188 1
—
1936), a great writer and translator in modern China, was the founder of the new literature movement. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was born in a dilapidated feudal family.
1965438+first used in may 2008.
"
Lu Xun
"
Under his pen name, Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, came out, which violently exposed and criticized the cannibalism system and laid the cornerstone of the new literature movement. 19 18
—
1926 period, call, grave, hot air, wandering, weeds, flower morning, Ji, Hua.
Series of changes, etc. , showing the ideological characteristics of patriotism and thorough democracy.
Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q, published in19212, is one of the outstanding works in the history of modern literature in China.
From 1927
—
1936, created most of the works in The New Story and
A large number of essays, these works are included in Gang Ji, San Xian Ji, Er Xin Ji, Southern Accent and General Mobilization of the North, Pseudo Free Book, Quasi-romance, Lace Literature,
"Essays on Street Pavilion" and other picture books. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings.
Great contribution; 193610 June19 died in Shanghai.