From BC 177 to BC 176, modu chanyu attacked Yueshi. The Yue family was defeated and moved westward to the Ili River Basin. Later, Khan of Lao Shangshan joined forces with Wusun Kunmi to attack the Vietnamese who moved to Ili Valley. The Vietnamese were defeated and moved south to Daxia, but a few people still stayed there. After Saints and most Vietnamese went south, Wusun people migrated to Ili Valley with the remaining Saints and Vietnamese. From then on, Wusun became stronger and stronger, and gradually got rid of the control of Xiongnu. According to archaeological discoveries of Wusun Tomb and other cultural relics, its political center is Gu Chi. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wusun had a close relationship with the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Liao Dynasty once sent envoys to pay tribute. Wusun people are mainly nomadic, engaged in hunting, and the horse industry is particularly prosperous.
In the 4th year of Jianyuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 139), Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions and made an alliance with Dayue to crusade against the Huns, but failed. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched a war against the Huns, and in the second year of Yuanguang (BC 133), he launched the Battle of Mayi. After the occupation of Hetao, the battle of Hexi began and the Han army won successively. By the fourth year of Emperor Wu's founding (before 1 19), there was finally a situation that "Jincheng (Lanzhou), Hexi West, Nanshan to Yanze (now Lop Nur) were empty". In the same year, Zhang Qian thought that United Wusunguo could succeed Xiongnu's right-hand man, and suggested to Emperor Wu that Wusunguo should be included. Three years later, Zhang Qian was instructed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to suggest to Wusun to return to his hometown between Dunhuang and Qilian to fight against the Huns together with the Han Dynasty.
At that time, the country of Wusun was divided. Prince fleas have passed away, and Wu Sunkunmi promised him to take his son Cenwei (title, made him a king) as a prince, which caused dissatisfaction with the prince's younger brother Dalu. The road holds the military power and plans to arise and kill the army. In order to protect the army, he gave him more than 10 thousand cavalry to stand on their own feet elsewhere. Hunting arrogance, commanding more than 10 thousand cavalry to protect themselves, failed to directly control all the troops in the country. He met with Zhang Qian, but did not agree to Zhang Qian's request for an alliance with South Korea. Liejiao thinks that "the old country can't be autocratic", and the minister doesn't understand the national conditions of Han and is afraid of Xiongnu, so Wusun can't move back to his hometown.
Together with Zhang Qian, he sent dozens of envoys. Seeing the strength of the Western Han Dynasty, the envoys prompted Wusunguo to consider forming an alliance with Han. Xiongnu Khan learned that Wusun had established contact with the Han Dynasty in an attempt to attack Wusun State. Knowing that the Western Han Dynasty was actively establishing diplomatic relations with western countries, Hunting Pride demanded marriage with the Han Dynasty and sought support. So in the third year of Yuanfeng (before 108), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty married Princess Xijun, the daughter of Liu Jian, the imperial clan, to hunt arrogance.
Unlike the ladies-in-waiting pretending to be princesses in the Han Dynasty, Princess Jiangdu is a charming and authentic Han princess, also known as Princess Xijun, formerly known as Liu Xijun. Liu Jian, the father of West County and the son of Liu Fei, the king of Jiangdu. Liu Fei and Liu Che are half-brothers. During the reign of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Liu Fei was a loyal member of the royal family. He fought bravely in the war and defended Jiangdu (now Yangzhou) for 27 years with outstanding achievements. After Liu Fei's death, Liu Jian inherited the title of King Jiangdu. Liu Jian did whatever he wanted, and even plotted rebellion, making jade seals, ribbons, weapons, maps and so on without permission. After the incident was exposed, Liu Jian hanged himself, and the mother of the Western Army was also implicated and sentenced to death.
At that time, Xijun was only 5 years old and was pardoned and taken to the palace. As the daughter of a guilty minister, Xijun still enjoys the treatment of royal children in the palace. She is talented and outstanding in appearance. She is proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and is also good at poetry and songs, which is deeply loved by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. 10 years later, Xijun has grown into a Han princess who is good at poetry, temperament, sensible and tolerant.
In the early reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, almost 30 kingdoms in the western regions were under the control of Xiongnu, and only Wusun Kingdom was stronger. Although it did not resist the Huns, it did not attach itself to the vassal state, and also expressed its desire to communicate with the Han Dynasty. King Wusun's arrogance in hunting also put forward a request to the Han Dynasty, and sent messengers to marry the princess of the Han Dynasty with a thousand good horses as a dowry, expressing his desire to be friendly forever.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has always opposed forced marriage, but he didn't think that the marriage of his neighbors also represented humiliation, so he was very satisfied with the marriage of King Wu Sun. After some consideration, he decided to let Sara, Princess of Jiangdu, shoulder the heavy responsibility of going to the Great Wall and getting close to him.
For the aristocrats and the royal family, the western regions beyond the Great Wall are really a terrible wilderness. Because of this, most of the previous dynasties before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pretended to be princesses and married prisoners, unwilling to be subjected to the blood of the imperial clan beyond the Great Wall. I don't know why, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty actually wanted to marry a princess to King Wu Sun. Did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty break his promise to his allies because he didn't want to "fill in the blanks", or did he hold a grudge against the rebellion of Xi Jun's father after all? Nobody knows. The emperor's life is inviolable, and he doesn't want to marry Princess Jiangdu beyond the Great Wall without fighting. She hopes to repay the kindness of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for his pity and upbringing, and is also willing to make sacrifices for the overall peace of the country and the nation.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very happy to see Princess Jiangdu willing to marry Wusun. He gave her a generous gift and personally sent her out of the palace when she got married. He also sent hundreds of entourage officials, bands, craftsmen, ladies-in-waiting, guards and others, carrying a large number of dowry such as gold, silver, jewelry, silks and satins, and sent Princess Jiangdu to Wusun from the ground.
After more than a year's journey, Princess Jiangdu finally entered the territory of Wusun. The pro-team was welcomed by King Wusun. King Wusun, who was old and frail, held a grand wedding with Xijun according to the custom of Wusun, and named Princess Du as the right wife.
When the Huns learned of the marriage between Wusun and the Western Han Dynasty, they also sent Khan to marry the arrogant hunter and made her a left wife.
Later, after a few years of marriage, Princess Xijun failed to have children, but gave birth to a son for Mrs. Zuo's Xiongnu woman, and her status plummeted. Princess Xijun was depressed and wrote "Sad Autumn Song":
My family is married to me, and I am far from the foreign king Wu Sun. The vault is a room with a wall. Meat is food and cheese is pulp. I often feel homesick and feel very hurt. I would like to go back to my hometown for my aunt's sake.
This sad song was later spread to Chang 'an, Kyoto. After reading this poem, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty burst into tears. He seemed to feel the cold in the western regions, and specially ordered people to send mink and fur to Princess Jiangdu.
Liejiao married Han and Xiongnu at the same time, which means that he just established diplomatic relations with Han and has not decided to break with Xiongnu. Soon after, the hunter died proudly and the army was forced to ascend to the throne. Princess Xijun subsequently died in Yuanfeng for 6 years (before 105).
Princess Jiangdu made a good start for the friendship between Han Dynasty and Wusun. But unfortunately, she died young. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is faced with the crisis that the newly opened situation may be destroyed.
Just when Emperor Wu was very upset, King Wu Sun made a request to the Han Dynasty and sent a princess and relatives again.
This is undoubtedly a good signal. In order to maintain the relationship with Wusun, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to choose the princess to marry after the army was defeated. The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty married Princess You Jie, the daughter of the King of Chu, to the King, and they remained married.
You Jie is the granddaughter of Liu Wu, the king of Chu. During the reign of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, there was a "Seven-country Rebellion", and Liu Wu, the king of Chu, was one of the planners. So after the failure, the family was brutally washed white, and only a few descendants were lucky enough to avoid death, leaving a little blood. When Jieyou was born, it was more than thirty years since Liu E, the king of Chu, committed suicide, and the family had already declined.
The life experience of relieving anxiety is similar to that of Xijun, but it is not as sentimental as Xijun. She has been cheerful, intelligent, optimistic and in good health since she was a child. The bleak childhood life honed her will, made her independent early, matured a lot and strengthened a lot. Therefore, I am calm and resigned to being chosen as my own princess.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately sealed Princess Wei Liu, prepared a generous bride price and sent someone to escort her on the road.
/kloc-Princess You Jie, 0/9 years old, bid farewell to Chang 'an and came to Wusun. She was still named the right lady and was defeated by the left lady, Princess Xiongnu.
Which of the two ladies is more popular is related to which country is closer to Wusun or Han and Hungary. The princess and Mrs Zuo are fighting for not only a man, but also a king and a kingdom.
Princess You Jie fell behind in the initial competition. After all, due to different customs and language barriers, it is difficult for Princess You Jie to enter the state quickly, and after several years, she got nothing, while Princess Xiongnu gave birth to a son named Moody, who became the heir to the throne. Wusun is getting closer and closer to Xiongnu.
At a critical juncture, there was a turning point. The king's army was dying and knew it was going to die, but his son Moody was too young to take on the heavy responsibility, so he made a will to let his cousin Weng Guimi inherit the throne and return it to him when Moody grew up.
Soon, the army will die and Weng Guimi will succeed to the throne. The new Wusun King is wide and fat, and he is called the Fat King. Traditionally, Weng Guimi inherited his cousin's two wives. Unlike Princess Jiangdu, who reacted violently, Princess You Jie accepted the custom of Wusun. Since it is irresistible, it is the best choice to accept it frankly. Princess You Jie is a smart person.
Weng Guimi is fat, easy-going and cheerful, and gets along well with Princess You Jie. And Princess You Jie also learned Wusun language, got used to Wusun's customs and habits, and gradually entered a state. This time, Princess You Jie finally gained a foothold in Wusun. She gave birth to five children for Weng Guimi, including three princes-Yuan Guimi, Wannian and Da Le; Two princesses-Dish and Su Guang. Princess You Jie became Wusun's veritable mother.
In the next few decades, Weng Guimi did everything she could for Princess You Jie. Letters and messengers between Wusun and Han kept coming and going, and they were close to each other, advancing and retreating together, but they were increasingly alienated from Xiongnu. During this period, the northwest frontier of the Han Dynasty was safe and sound, and contacts with countries in the western regions became increasingly frequent and close. The Silk Road flourished for a while, and the prestige and influence of the Han Dynasty further spread to the north and south of Tianshan Mountain, and countries in the western regions rushed to make friends with the Han people. Yuan Guimi, the eldest son who solved the worries, was appointed as the Crown Prince Wusun; Shache, a small country in the western regions, decided to welcome his second son Wan Nian as king when the king died and no one acceded to the throne, and valued half of Han descent in Wan Nian. After many twists and turns, King Qiuci married his eldest daughter and brother Shi as concubines, and was deeply proud of being the granddaughter of the Han family. Su Guang was later called the wife of Wu Sunguo. With the efforts to solve the worries, the democratic policy finally achieved the expected results.
Among the maids who went to Wusun with Princess You Jie, there was a very outstanding woman named Feng Gui, who was called the first female diplomat in the history of China.
Although Feng Heng comes from humble origins, she is intelligent and knowledgeable, especially eloquent and calm. Soon after arriving in Wusun, Feng Gui married the distinguished right general, and was honored as "Mrs. Feng" by the upper class of Wusun and even the nobles in the western regions because of her outstanding talent. She was at odds with You Jie's ruling and opposition parties, supported each other, stood up in times of crisis, and made great contributions as an envoy to mediate, make peace and make friends among western countries.
When Huns saw Wusun's pro-Han, they hated Princess You Jie, who had unlimited scenery in Wusun, and began to hate Wusun. In the absence of constant pressure, Hunhu Yan Lu Khan took advantage of the death of Emperor Zhao Digang of the Han Dynasty, and when the Han Dynasty had no time to estimate the Western Regions, he began to lead an army to attack Wusun, demanding that Weng Guimi hand over Princess You Jie and cut off all ties with the Han Dynasty.
Encouraged by Princess You Jie, Weng Guimi had no intention of giving in to the enemy. In order to fight against the Huns, Princess You Jie wrote to Emperor Xuan Di who had just acceded to the throne, asking the court to send troops to conquer the Huns. Huo Guang, the general in charge of Fuzheng, made a decisive decision. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu, sent troops150,000 to crusade against Xiongnu in five ways, and sent a captain Chang Hui to Wusun to preside over the Wusun War.
The army of the Western Han Dynasty left a deep impression on the Huns. When the Huns heard that the army of the Western Han Dynasty was approaching, they did not dare to confront each other head-on, and they conquered the north in the south. While the Han army attracted all the attention of the Huns, under the auspices of Chang Hui, Weng Guimi, king of Wusun, led an army to attack Wang Ting, king of Xiongnu Right Valley, and countless uncles, brothers, children and generals were killed and captured by Hu Yanlan Khan, and large livestock became the property of Wusun.
In retaliation, after the withdrawal of troops in the Han Dynasty, Hu personally led tens of thousands of cavalry to pounce on Wusun, plundering and returning. Unfortunately, on their way back to the army, they were caught in a snowstorm and there were few survivors. Later, natural disasters broke out in Xiongnu, and they didn't have the strength to go out and plunder. Wu Sun, Xian Ling and Wu Huan took the opportunity to jointly besiege the Huns, so that the Huns lost three-tenths of their population, greatly weakened their national strength, and their subordinate countries fell apart and never recovered.
At this point, the strategic plan of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to "break the right arm of Xiongnu" was finally successfully realized after nearly half a century of unremitting management.
Wusun defeated the powerful Xiongnu, which made Princess You Jie's prestige in Wusun unprecedented. Weng Guimi sized up the situation and immediately wrote to the Han Dynasty, requesting that Yuan Guimi, the eldest son, marry another Han princess to further deepen the friendship between the Han Dynasty and Wusun. Xuan Di, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, immediately appointed Liu Xiangfu, the niece of Princess Youjie, as a princess, and let her live in Shanglinyuan, Chang 'an, to learn the language and customs of Wusun, so as to prepare for becoming the new Wusun country mother in the future. Send a mighty team to escort the princess to get married.
However, just after the pro-Qin team arrived in Dunhuang, Wusun received bad news: Weng Guimi died of illness.
Xu Mi, the former king of Wu Sun, left a will, while Yuan Guimi, Weng Guimi's eldest son, was too young to be supported by his father. Therefore, Wusun nobles finally elected Mihm, the son of Xiongnu princess and county king Xu Mi, as the new king. Moody is a crazy and violent person, known as the crazy king. Influenced by his mother, he was close to Xiongnu and hostile to Han Dynasty.
Seeing that Yuan Guimi failed to claim the title of king, the Western Han court immediately recalled Princess Liu Xiangfu, who had been guarding Dunhuang, and called off the engagement. In order to maintain Han's influence in Wusun, the princess resolutely followed Wusun's custom and married.
Mud secret is not only very cruel and fierce, but also behaves perversely on Wu Sun, causing complaints all over the country. Although Princess You Jie gave birth to her son Chi (Ch: and) Mi for Mudi, they never got along and often had tension.
Princess You Jie decided to look for opportunities to assassinate Moody, so as not to waste his years of efforts. She joined hands with Wusun's diplomatic envoy to China to hold a "Hongmen Banquet" for Mud. During the dinner, someone was ordered by the princess to draw a sword and assassinate Moody. Unfortunately, the sword missed, and Moody escaped injured. At this point, Princess You Jie and Moody finally declared war.
Mud soon led the army to surround Princess You Jie and the Han envoys in Wusun's capital. Princess You Jie didn't panic, and led the guards to oppose it faithfully. A few months later, the Western Regions Protection Office of the Han Dynasty sent troops to clear the way, sent the envoys involved in the assassination back to Chang 'an to be beheaded, and then sent the envoys Zhang Weng to try the case, hoping to calm the mud and secretly support Princess You Jie's reconciliation. Stupid Zhang Weng didn't understand the meaning of Khufu's putting himself on the trial bench, so he grandly held a trial, declared the princess guilty, and even grabbed Princess You Jie's hair and swore. Angry Princess You Jie immediately wrote a secret letter to Xuan Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, stating the reason why he wanted to assassinate Moody and Zhang Weng's rude insult. The imperial court was furious and sent Zhang Weng back to be beheaded. The emissary traveling with Zhang Weng missed the opportunity to kill Moody in vain and was castrated after returning to Chang 'an.
When the kingdom of Wusun was in chaos, Wu, the son of Weng Guimi, the former king of Wusun, and the princess of Xiongnu, slaughtered them to death and became king, threatening that Xiongnu would send troops to quell the chaos. All pro-Xiongnu factions in Wusunguo have joined Wujiutu, ready to seize control of the whole Wusunguo. They are in a tense confrontation with the troops of the western regions of the Han Dynasty gathered at the border, and war may break out at any time.
At this critical juncture, Feng Heng stepped forward and used her husband's good relationship with Wu Jiutu to personally persuade Wu Jiutu. With her extraordinary knowledge, excellent eloquence and understanding of the situation in the western regions, she reasoned with Wu Jiutu Xiao, analyzed her interests, put pressure on Wu Jiutu with the strong military strength of the Han Dynasty as the backing, and finally persuaded Wu Jiutu to abdicate to Xiao Wang, the eldest son of the princess Yuan Guiyi as king. Therefore, Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, specially recalled Feng Liao, and granted her the status of envoy to seal Yuan Guimi and Wu Jiutu respectively on behalf of the Han Dynasty. It avoided the war between the Han Dynasty and Wusun and continued the friendly relations. However, since then, Wusunguo has also been divided into two countries, big and small, and conflicts of interest often break out between them.
Soon, Princess You Jie's eldest son, Yuan Guimi, and her youngest son, Yan Mi, died one after another, and her grandson, Xing Mi, succeeded him as King Wusun. Xingmi is weak and incompetent, and most of the forces in Wusun Kingdom are attached to Wutu. Princess You Jie's stay in Wusun is of little significance. She wrote to Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, saying, "I am old and miss my hometown where I was born and raised. I hope the emperor will allow me to go back to my hometown so that my bones can be buried in the land of the Han Dynasty. " Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, read these letters and thought that Princess You Jie left home when she was a teenager and married a foreign country. He has had three kings for more than 50 years. For the peace of the Western Han Dynasty, he couldn't help but be moved and sent someone back to Princess You Jie.
In 5 1 year BC (the third year of Han Ganlu), Princess You Jie, who was over 70 years old, returned to Chang 'an with her grandchildren who had been away for half a century.
When I left home, I was as beautiful as a flower, and when I came back, I was wrapped in silver. The Central Plains is still prosperous, and my child has passed away. Emperor Xuan Di of the Han Dynasty received and placed the princess with high standards. He passed away in Chang 'an after two years of old age.
Princess You Jie is far less famous than Wang Zhaojun and Princess Wencheng. But her grades are not inferior to the latter two. She knows the general situation, takes care of the overall situation, and has a resolute character. With her righteous spirit and intelligence, she has made outstanding contributions to the close political, economic, military and cultural exchanges between China and Central Asia.
It is precisely because Princess You Jie successfully combined Wusun with the Han Dynasty and defeated the main force of Xiongnu that the border of the Han Dynasty gradually became peaceful in central Xuan Di.
Xuan Di canonized Yuan Guimi as Grand Kunmi, Wutu as Small Kunmi, and sealed him as the national seal. Wusunguo eventually became a vassal state of the Western Han Dynasty. Later, in the Han Dynasty, boundaries and people were divided for large and small Kunming. There were more than 60,000 households with large Kunming and more than 40,000 households with small Kunming, but the hearts of Wusun people were biased towards small Kunming.
After the death of the great Kunyuan Guimi, Zixing became weak and incompetent, which further controlled Wusun in the Western Han Dynasty. Feng Heng, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, led 100 people to Wusun Town to help with the astrology, and accepted the suggestion of Duhu Han Xuan to help Wusun's big officials, big officials, big officials and purple ribbons with the astrology. Later, Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty, a tribal tiger, proposed to expel Xing Mi, but Emperor Hanyuan disagreed.
The contradiction between big and small kunmi is constant. When the Western Han Dynasty became the Mohist Emperor of Hongjia (18 years ago or 17 years ago), Mo Zhen would become Xiao Kunmi. At that time, the female chestnut of Dakunmi was very prestigious, so Mo Zhen was worried about her status and sent someone to assassinate her. In the Han Dynasty, Li Jue's uncle Li Jue was named Dakunmi. After Mo Zhen was killed by Yi Yin's men, Han immediately sent troops to kill Prince Fan Qiu, Mo Zhen's general. In the last years of Zhenguan, his brother Wei Bei led 80,000 people to take refuge in Kangju, and often sent troops to attack Wusun in an attempt to annex various ministries of Kunming, Kunming and Kunming. Finally, he was killed by Sun Jian, the capital of the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty.
From 53 BC, Wusun's country was divided for a long time, which lasted for hundreds of years, until the beginning of the 5th century, Wusun was wiped out.
After the Eastern Han Dynasty, historical materials about Wusun were quite scarce. During the Eastern Han Dynasty and Zhang Dynasty, Wusunguo was still divided by Kunmi and Kunmi, and its national strength was weak. "History of Han Dynasty Biography of Western Regions": "Kunmi and Kunmi are weak".
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wusunguo still kept in touch with the Central Plains regime. Wu Sun once paid tribute to Cao Wei's regime, saying that "no one paid tribute to young people." .
The kingdom of Wusun declined for a long time, and was hit hard by the leader of Xianbei, Tan Cong 147 to 167 or so, and the leader of Tuo Domineering from 3 18. Wusun may not have moved south to Congling (Pamirs) because of this, but lived in Tianshan Mountains.
In the early years of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, a new state of Yue appeared in the former small Kunmi, while the place ruled by the western big Kunmi was Wusun State. When the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North, Wu Sun paid tribute to the Central Plains regime. During the reign of Emperor Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the North was gradually unified and the Northern Wei Dynasty became stronger and stronger. Tuoba Tao hoped to challenge Rouran and manage the Western Regions. In the third year of Taiyan (437), Tuoba Tao sent Dong Wan and Gao Ming to the Western Regions, passing through Wusun, and was received by Wusun Wang.
As early as three years before Taiyan (437), Rouran of the Mongolian Plateau attacked Wusun several times. Rouran may have joined forces with Yue to attack Wusun, who was forced to move westward to the Tianshan Mountains, during the reign of Rouran Guojun Shelun [402-4 10] or later Hu Fa (41414). From the beginning to the middle of the fifth century, Wusun moved south to Congling. They were assimilated by the Saka people, no longer became an independent country, and disappeared from the history books.