His war is called an art, and everyone who studies military affairs should learn it.
His life experience and death are called puzzles, and people who study history should study them.
His empire promoted the communication between East and West, and businessmen needed to learn.
His dynasty objectively promoted cultural exchanges, which humanities lovers can learn from.
Genghis Khan is a famous historical figure in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, and also the most controversial figure. Over the past seven or eight hundred years, politicians, military strategists, celebrities and scholars from various countries have studied and discussed this great man from different angles.
Marx wrote in the book "The Chronicle of Marx's Indian History" that Genghis Khan formed an army in the process of unifying Mongolia. He "relied on this army to conquer East Mongolia and North China, then conquered the Amu Darya and the north of Khorasan, and conquered the Turkic region, namely Tudor, Tudor and Persia, and invaded India. His imperial territory extends from the Caspian Sea to Peking, from the south to the Indian Ocean, and from the western Himalayas to astrakhan and Kasang. "
Dr. Sun Yat-sen said: "Among the most powerful nations in early Asia, Mongolia in the Yuan Dynasty was the first." "During the Yuan Dynasty, almost the whole of Europe was occupied by the Yuan Dynasty, which was far more powerful than China's most prosperous period".
Comrade Mao Zedong affectionately called Genghis Khan a "generation of tianjiao" and compared him with famous emperors in China history, including Qin Huang, Hanwu, Tang Zong and Song Zu.
Genghis Khan, the Eastern God of War and the greatest military commander in the history of the world, and his successors not only set up a powerful cavalry that was invincible in the world at that time, but also creatively used a series of strategies and tactics in line with the characteristics of cavalry operations and won one victory after another.
MacArthur, a five-star American general, said: "If all the records about that war are erased from history, leaving only a detailed record of Genghis Khan's combat situation and well preserved, then the soldiers will still have endless wealth. From these records, soldiers can gain useful knowledge and shape an army for future wars. The success of that amazing leader (Genghis Khan) eclipsed the achievements of most commanders in history. " "He crossed rivers, climbed mountains, conquered cities, destroyed the country and destroyed the whole civilization. On the battlefield, his troops used it so quickly and so skillfully, sweeping thousands of troops and defeating overwhelming enemies countless times. " "Although he destroyed everything, he was cruel, but he clearly understood all kinds of wars.
According to statistics, Genghis Khan fought in more than 60 battles in his life, and he never failed, except that he voluntarily retreated because of the disparity in strength in the Battle of the Thirteen Wings. Therefore, China scholar Liu said in Genghis Khan: "Genghis Khan is a war genius that cannot be compared with later generations. His magic of winning against the enemy has consumed human military talent to the extreme. " "His fighter planes are on a roll, and smoke has spread to Russia, Afghanistan and northern India. In the vast Eurasia, Genghis Khan has become an invincible god, and all his opponents are frightened and bow down. " "What person can be called the god of war? Only Genghis Khan! "
Freedom of Belief-The Mongolian khanate established by Genghis Khan and his descendants pursues an enlightened religious policy and spans Europe and Asia. At that time, almost all religions in the world were under his rule. These include Shamanism believed by Mongols at first, Buddhism believed by Tibet, Xixia and Han people, Taoism and Manichaeism in Jin and Southern Song Dynasties, Islam (Uighur and barbarian) believed by Uighur and western countries, Christianity believed by some tribes in Mongolian Plateau and even Qincha and Woluosi countries (including Nestorianism, that is, Nestorianism; Yerikovin, Roman school) and so on. Mongolian nobles conquered the world, basically adopting the policy of slaughter and plunder, but their religious policy was more liberal. Instead of forcing the conquered to convert to Mongolian religion, they declared freedom of religious belief, allowed various sects to exist, allowed Mongolians to participate in various sects freely, and basically exempted Christians from taxes and corvees. The implementation of this policy, to a certain extent, reduced the resistance of the conquered, and played a great role in winning and ruling the world by Mongolian nobles. With the conquest of Central Asia, Persia and other places, the number of Hui people coming to the East has increased unprecedentedly. Mongolian aristocrats used Hui Hui's upper class and wealthy businessmen as helpers to oppress and exploit the Han people in the Central Plains, such as Huala Mozi, Jalava Red, Buhuala Noble Saidian Chishan Siding, wealthy businessman Aodura He Man, Ahema, etc. They all hold very important positions in the ruling institutions. Muslims who moved to Mobei and the Central Plains were allowed to keep their religious beliefs and build mosques in their settlements. Muslim teachers are rude and ascetic, and enjoy the same tax-free treatment as monks and monks and Jezsik. But the ordinary Muslim, Su Mu Lu, is like an editor. He has to pay taxes and a meager salary. In short, "In China, because the Mongols adopted the policy of" freedom of belief "and" tolerance ",Islam took the opportunity to develop eastward, and a large number of Muslims moved to China, which laid the foundation for the formation of the Muslim nation". Since Kublai Khan, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty mainly advocated Lamaism, and the Tibetan Basiba was honored as "King Dabao" and "Master Dayuan". After the death of every imperial teacher, he will take one person from Tibet as an heir until the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. Buddhism thus mastered the local political power in Tibet and introduced its teachings into Mongolia.
Business and War —— Genghis Khan, the Millennium Great Man who broke the barrier between the East and the West, was led by a commercial conflict between the East and the West: Helhan, the commander-in-chief of Hottelart City, slaughtered the Mongolian caravan, which became the fuse of Genghis Khan's westward expedition and paid a painful price for it. Mr. Deshan said in the History of Transportation in Yuan Dynasty: "International land transportation is the product of Genghis Khan's three generations and three voyages to the West." This "opened up the international traffic from China to Persia-the Persian Road".
Grosset, a French scholar, said in The History of the Mongol Empire: "The Mongols unified almost the whole of Asia, opened up an intercontinental passage, and facilitated the connection between China and Persia, and between Christianity and the Far East. China's paintings and Persian paintings know each other and communicate with each other. Kelpolo learned about Sakyamuni, and there is a Catholic archbishop in Beijing. " "From the perspective of the spread of Mongolian culture, it is almost as beneficial as the spread of Roman culture. For the contribution of the world, only the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope and the discovery of America can be compared with it. "
Stavri Ataz, a Canadian historian, said: "Because of the rise of the Mongolian Empire, land trade has undergone tremendous changes. For the first and only time in history, a regime spans Eurasia, from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean and from Siberia to the Persian Gulf. " Businessmen coming and going on this avenue say that it is absolutely safe to walk on the road from Tana to China, no matter day or night. This "trade route across Central Asia" was of "great significance" to the development of eastern and western commerce at that time.
American writer Harold Ram called Genghis Khan "the emperor of mankind". He said in his works: "Genghis Khan has never been influenced by material civilization, but he has been able to establish practical laws and regulations for more than 50 ethnic groups and maintain peace and order in more than half of the world"; Messenger can travel through 50 longitudes, and a girl with a bag of gold can travel around this huge empire with peace of mind. It makes the communication between East and West smooth and the cultural exchange between Europe and Asia. "This is the most extensive and open handshake between human beings."
1In June, 1999, South Korean President Kim Dae-jung said: "Some people think that it is because of the Mongols that human beings have world history for the first time, but the indomitable, brave and invincible spirit and resourceful personality of the Mongols have shaped the great Genghis Khan. Similarly, I also agree with some people's comments that Mongolians 700 years ago established international relations with countries all over the world before the advent of the Internet. "