Second, the real teapot feels delicate but not slippery, and the fake teapot feels rough or slippery; For example, ordinary clay feels rough, and porcelain feels slippery at first. If you press the friction slightly hard, you will feel astringent. This is due to the different manifestations of molecular structure.
Three turns, turn the lid, the lid of the real teapot turns flexibly and smoothly, and makes a slight "silk" or "rustling" sound, while the fake teapot made of clay makes a dull "crack" sound.
Listen, knock on the jar with the lid. Although some people disapprove, it is very effective. The knocking sound of the real teapot is crisp and pleasant, and the sound is short, and the sound stops immediately after knocking; The fake teapot with ordinary clay has a dull, rich and short knocking sound; The sound of porcelain knocking is clearer than purple sand, a bit like the sound of metal impact, which is difficult for ordinary people to distinguish. But a very obvious difference is that the wavelength of sound waves in porcelain is obvious. After the tapping, the sound still lasts for several milliseconds, and the real purple sand stops immediately.
Five certificates. Generally, genuine teapot has a certificate written by the manufacturer. Certificates are usually written on rice paper, with a brush, and calligraphy is very beautiful. This is because calligraphy is a compulsory course for a good craftsman, and the value-added of a good teapot is more reflected in the skills of calligraphy and painting, which is stamped. The signature of the seal is the same as that on the bottom of the teapot.
Sixth, test the water. Water poured on a real teapot won't form obvious drops. Water is a relatively uniform piece, and then it will be gradually absorbed by purple sand.
At present, the criteria for judging the quality of Yixing teapot can be summarized by five words: "mud, shape, workmanship, style and merit". The first four words are artistic standards, and the last one is functional standards, which are described as follows:
plaster
The teapot is famous all over the world. Although it cannot be separated from its production, the fundamental reason is its superiority in making raw material purple sand mud. When analyzing the raw materials of purple sand, many ceramic monographs in modern times talked about the composition of iron oxide in it. In fact, there are a lot of mud containing iron oxide all over the country, but purple sand can't be produced elsewhere, which shows that the key to the problem lies not in containing iron oxide, but in the "sand" of purple sand. According to the analysis of modern science, the molecular structure of purple sand mud is different from other mud, that is, the same purple sand mud, with different structures and subtle differences. In this way, due to the different raw materials, the functional utility and sensory experience are different.
Good function and utility, high quality, otherwise poor quality; Good sensory perception leads to high quality, and vice versa. Therefore, to evaluate the quality of a teapot, the first thing is the quality of mud. The change of mud color only brings people different visual feelings, which is not helpful to function and feel. The teapot is a work of art with strong practical function. Especially due to the habit of use, the teapot needs to be explored constantly to make it feel comfortable and achieve the purpose of psychological pleasure. Therefore, the feeling of purple sand surface is more important than mud color.
shape
The shape of teapot is the most abundant among all kinds of utensils in the world, and it is known as "the square is different and the circle is different". How to evaluate these shapes is also "different people have different opinions", because the social function of art is to meet people's psychological needs, since there are various psychological needs; Generous love, generous love, delicate love, Gu Zhuo's love for Gu Zhuo, playful love, everyone has their own love and can't be forced. From the author's point of view, I think Gu Zhuo is the best, followed by generosity, beauty and fun. What is the reason? Since the teapot is an integral part of the whole tea culture, the artistic conception it pursues should be "indifferent and peaceful, detached and refined" pursued by the tea ceremony. Gu Zhuo is in the most harmonious atmosphere, so Gu Zhuo is the best. Many pot makers know this truth and imitate Gu Zhuo. As a result, they lost their cuteness.
Many teapots with traditional shapes left over from history, such as stone peach, jingtian tea, monk hat, lotus ball, eggplant section, solitary ridge, plum blossom and antiques, are the only outstanding works left over from years of erosion. From today's perspective, they are still radiant, all the same and all different. For example, according to incomplete statistics, there are more than 100 kinds of stone pottery pots, because artists at all times and all over the world have integrated their aesthetic interests into their works. Speaking of "form", people often compare it with the schools of teapot art, and think that the schools of teapot can be divided into "ribbed bag", "fancy goods" and "light goods". In fact, this is a very analytical method. The reason is very simple, just like the genre classification of a drama performer, it is not determined by what drama he plays, but by his pursuit of interest in drama performance.
worker
There are many similarities in China's art, such as the dance movements of Peking Opera and the freehand brushwork of Chinese painting, which belong to the bold category; Beijing opera singing and traditional Chinese painting meticulous brushwork are strictly listed; Modelling technique of Zisha Pot is similar to Beijing Opera singing and Chinese painting, and it is also very rigorous.
Point, line and surface are the basic elements that constitute the modeling of teapot. In the process of teapot formation, it must be explained clearly. Just like meticulous painting, it is necessary to make clear the use of pens, twists and turns, and cadences. The face must be light and the hair must be hairy; The line must be straight and curved; Points must be square, round and round, and there can be no ambiguity. Otherwise, it is not a good pot. According to the special requirements of the molding process of teapot, the spout and handle should be absolutely in a straight line and the weight should be balanced; The spout should be closely combined with the lid. This is also the requirement of "work".
fund
Money is money in the pot. Appreciating the teapot has two meanings: one is to identify the author of the teapot or the author of the poem. Another meaning is to appreciate the content of the inscription, the calligraphy and painting, and the seal (lithograph seal cutting). The decorative art of teapot is a part of China's traditional art, which has the remarkable characteristics of China's traditional art of "poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal". Therefore, in addition to mud color, modeling and production time, a teapot can also see literature, calligraphy, painting, epigraphy and many other aspects, which can bring more beautiful enjoyment to pot watchers.
success
The so-called "work" refers to the functional beauty of the pot. In recent years, new products of teapot emerge one after another, such as dazzling stars. Pot makers pay attention to the formal beauty of modeling, but often ignore the phenomenon of functional beauty, which can be seen everywhere. In particular, some pot makers don't drink tea themselves and know little about the habit of drinking tea, which directly affects the function of teapot, and some pots may even be "useless". In fact, the biggest difference between teapot and other works of art is that it is a very practical work of art, and its "art" lies in "use" and "quality". If the meaning of "use" is lost, "art" will cease to exist. Therefore, we must not ignore the functional beauty of the pot.
Functional beauty of teapot
1, with moderate capacity;
2. Appropriate height;
3. Cover tightly;
4. The water flow is smooth.