& gt In the Ming Dynasty, Wengshanpo was renamed Shili Lake and West Lake, although it was still a scenic spot in the West County. Every year is pink and green, and capital, young people and old people compete for the West Lake. The reputation of "Ten Lakes" and "West Lake".
The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, Beijing, which is 0/5km away from the northwest suburb of Beijing. Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain are located in the scenic West Lake in Hangzhou. They have built a large-scale natural landscape garden by imitating the design methods and artistic conception of Jiangnan gardens. It is the best-preserved Regent Palace Hotel, covering an area of about 290 hectares. The Summer Palace is the largest existing imperial garden in China and one of the four famous gardens in China. The Summer Palace, 196 1, was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units on March 4th. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit, and was named as a world natural and cultural heritage in June1998+065438+1October.
The artificial landscapes such as pavilions, corridors, palaces, temples and bridges in the Summer Palace are in harmony with the natural hills and open lakes. Ingenious mood? ? The whole garden art is a masterpiece of constructing China garden art, which plays an important role in Chinese and foreign historical garden art.
The Summer Palace is the climax of the surrounding environment of traditional garden art landscape. The royal gardens in China were all restored by the king, but they are also full of natural wild interest, which embodies the gardening standard of "from the opening day". What is the basic area of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake? 2.97 square kilometers, accounting for about three-quarters of the water surface. The landscape architecture garden is slightly larger than the ancient buildings with the code name 100 or more and 203,000 or more. More than 70,000 square meters, 1600 trees, tree-lined. Tafo Pavilion, promenade, Zhou Shi, Suzhou Street, Seventeen-span Bridge, gardens with harmonious interests and typical buildings on the stage have become household names.
The main attractions of the park can be roughly divided into three aspects: the solemn Hall of Renshou, a political activity venue, and the main places where Cixi and Guangxu engaged in internal affairs, diplomacy and political activities in the late Qing Dynasty. In the representative living area? Leshou Hall, Yulan Hall, the courtyard of Yiyunge, the residence of Empress Dowager Cixi, Guangxu and concubines. The vast area, consisting of a long corridor along the back hill, defines the mentality of the Queen in the Western Leisure Palace Garden Resort. On the central axis of the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, the magnificent buildings of Paiyundian in Buddha Pavilion start from the Paiyunmen Dance Collection Palace along the jade archway, Paiyundian, Buddha Pavilion and Dehui Temple Mountain in Hu Yunhui. The complex building rises from the ground, running through the green and resplendent. The towering Buddha Pavilion is octahedral, crouching on the mountain, facing the lake and overlooking the whole garden. Like a green belt, it spans the north and south of England, the Tianhan and Liu Di Bridges, with beautiful morphological differences. The majestic 17 Confucius Bridge, such as the reflected water surface of Changhong Yanyue, the vast Kunming Lake, Hanxutang, Zaotang and Zhijing Pavilion, stands tall, symbolizing the legendary "sea fairy mountain". Walking around farming and weaving soft mulberry, the picturesque Bingxu Dragon Emperor, it's fun to look at the countryside of painting boats, weaving scenery and rivers and lakes. Before communication, the streets, lakes and bustling shops in Suzhou were full of wine. It feels like the Royal Street in England 200 years ago. Harmonic, Qu Yuan, is a complex gallery, and harmonic is interesting enough. The Kunming Lake along the coast, the famous Zhou Shi, and the lifelike bronze cows are all rewards for Wang Chun's understanding of the landscape and architecture of the Spring Pavilion.
The scale of the scenic spot The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, and the water surface accounts for three quarters (about 220 hectares). The list of booths in the whole park can be divided into three aspects: Renshou Hall, Leshou Hall, Yulantang, Yiyuntang, Lou, Pavilion, Pavilion and other major residential areas with more than 3,000 different forms of architecture, Wanshou Mountain and Kunming. Wanshou Qian Shan, Kunming Lake and Gaoshan Lake can be divided into three parts. The center of the first mountain Buddha Pavilion forms a huge main building, which is magnificent. Paved at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, the blue waves are rippling, about 3/4. The whole park is a lake and Nanhu Island, connecting a beautiful 17 span bridge and the West Lake on the shore. Liumeidi Bridge builds a clear water whirlpool in high mountains and lakes, and Gu Song is majestic and quiet. BR/>；
In 2000, with the goal of building a cultural garden, the Summer Palace Management Office guided employees to explore cultural connotations with one spirit, five consciousnesses and six first-class corporate cultures, vigorously promoted the protection, management and research of the Summer Palace, established a perfect protection and management system for the Summer Palace, and especially accelerated the pace of reform and opening up to speed up the construction and protection of the Summer Palace. It has invested heavily in the restoration of Suzhou Street, Jingminglou, Lianningtang and Zhitu, and actively participated in the transformation of the surrounding environment, continued the historical and cultural environment of the Summer Palace, restored the integrity and authenticity of cultural heritage, and established the most advanced system, domestic exhibition gardens and Wenchang Academy Museum.
1998, the Summer Palace was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO for its rich historical and cultural heritage, beautiful natural environment, landscape and excellent protection and management, and it has been called one of the greatest civilizations in the world in recent years. Won the honorary titles of the first batch of scenic spots, civilized demonstration sites, advanced units in spiritual civilization construction and the first batch of AAAA-level tourist attractions in China, and passed the international standards ISO9000 and 65438 in 2000. Environmental management system certification, Summer Palace, management, protection, research and expansion, and the track of standardization, scientization, legalization and management.
[history]
The Summer Palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, was built in the Qianlong period (1750) five years ago and lasted for 15 years. It is the famous three mountains and five gardens in Beijing (Jingyi Garden in Xiangshan, Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain, Qingyi Garden in Wanshou Mountain, Summer Palace, and Zhang Mingming indicating spring), which was built in Xianfeng ten years ago.
Guangxu (1886) began to rebuild. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Cixi used the funds from the navy's military expenses to raise funds for solving the park on behalf of the navy, renamed it "Summer Palace Hotel" and called it "Xiuhe". Guangxu 2 1 year (1895), this project ended, and the palace became the supreme ruler in the late Qing Dynasty. Apart from the Forbidden City, it is the center of the most important political and diplomatic activities. The importance of China's modern history has witnessed many major historical events in 1898, which called for an interview reform. The Summer Palace, Renshou Hall in the Summer Palace, Kang Youwei, a thinker of reform in Qing Dynasty, and Guangxu were imprisoned in Yulantang Park for a long time. In the 20th year of Guangxu (AD 1900), Eight-Nation Alliance was robbed again. The next year, Cixi returned to Beijing and xi and spent a lot of money to solve the park problem again. At 1924, the Summer Palace has become an open park. The Summer Palace is an important witness of China's modern history!
[division]
The purpose of Cixi's vigorous restoration of this park is to cherish the name of longevity in summer and retirement. Since 1903, Cixi has spent most of her time here, because Cixi often needs to meet the court staff here to handle state affairs, and there is also a palace garden and residential area in front of it, so the Summer Palace is an important royal garden and a "palace" with dual functions of the court. The whole park can be roughly divided into palace area and garden forest area.
The Summer Palace has dual functions, a palace and a court. Therefore, meetings often deal with the affairs of civil and military officials who build palace gates in gardens. The court hall, the size of the room, the composition of the courtyard, and the area of buildings such as houses are of small value and relatively independent area? In the following two years, the vast forest areas were independent but related to the imperial court. Renshou Hall Renshou Hall has three big courtyards: Leshou Hall and Yulantang Yi Yun Museum, where Cixi, Guangxu and concubines live. Yiyunting East Germany Theater and Garden Theater, three Qing Dynasty theaters 1.
Renshou Hall is at the east gate of the Summer Palace. Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu sat in the court and met foreign guests in the hall. Formerly known as Qin Zhengtang, it was rebuilt in Guangxu and renamed Renshoutang. The Seventh Hospital of East China has a wide area, and there are halls in the north and south of the palaces on both sides. The front door is Renshoumen, and the north and south of the door are Jiuqingfang. Bronze sculptures of Phoenix Dragon, Ding and Chen are all exquisite. In Le Shoutang, facing Kunming Lake, a benign and garden drama building east-west corridor, Cixi, "Le Shoutang's black gold horizontal plaque Guangxu's handwriting, resting and the place where the queen's pier boat lives. In the yard with rare flowers such as magnolia, Xifu begonia and peony, Yutang is flourishing, which means Magnolia Hall Kunming Lake. Emperor Guangxu's palace corridor hall, the main hall has aquamarine soup, two east-west affiliated halls, Xia Fen room, the eaves behind the Champs Elysé es in Tomisi, and the two affiliated halls are walled and isolated in an important historical site-the Summer Palace.
Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake Wanshou Mountain, as the main forest farms, are about 1000m long from east to west and 60m high, accounting for about 78% of the water surface of Kunming Lake? In the whole park, the lake bypass at the northwest end of Wanshou Mountain is integrated with the lake at the northern foot of the mountain. "Wanshou Mountain Summer Palace, the Buddha Pavilion at the top of the tower, the sea of wisdom, the unique Yunmen, Paiyundian and Yu Hui Yuyufang of Dehui Temple constitute the well-defined central axis at the foot of the mountain. The promenade is more than 700 meters long and the temperature of the square beam is 8000, which is called "the map of the first library in the world". The Kunming Lake promenade is rippling in front of us. The west dike of Kunming Lake is modeled after the Su Causeway of the West Lake. Wanshou Mountain, Houhu Lake and ancient forest, with elegant environment, Tibetan temples and Suzhou Creek Ancient Business Street. The humor of the back garden imitates the architecture of Wuxi airport garden, which is small and exquisite and is called "the lake at the eastern end of the garden". "
[Horticulture]/> The rest of the Yanshan Mountains in Wanshou Mountain, the Paiyun Gate at the foot of the 58.59-meter high mountain, the Yunhui Yuyu archway, the Qianshan of Wanshou Mountain, and the octagonal Buddha Pavilion with three or four double eaves form a huge main building, palace, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall, Buddha Pavilion and the wisdom sea on the top of the mountain, forming a shaft top. The hosts are Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain. Wu Fang Pavilion and Bronze Baoyun Pavilion on the west side. Tibetan Buddhist buildings and pagodas in Shanhongli stand in colorful glass green belts. Jingfu Pavilion, Yushan Pavilion, Qiuxuan Pavilion and pavilions roam in the pictorial world, overlooking the plane? The scenery of Kunming Lake.
Kunming Lake is a lake in the royal gardens of the Qing Dynasty, and it is also the largest lake in Causeway Bay-the south wind blowing from the northwest in the west. There are three different sizes in the waters of Sidi Lake, each in the middle of the lake. Three islands stand on the lake, which is the symbol of the East China Sea. Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou are the three legendary mountains in ancient China. Dams of the mainland and lakes should be separated horizontally to avoid monotony. Xidi Heqiao consciously imitates Su Causeway, Su Causeway Sixth Bridge and Kunming Lake, which is very similar to the West Lake. Xidi has close-up photos along the open natural scenery, weeping willows in the park for several years, the mountain shape of Yuquan Mountain, and the inner side of the shadow gate of Yufeng Tower at the top of the mountain. Kunming Lake and kings park, the western scene of the lake, are integrated, which is an outstanding example of the king's application of China garden tactics. The buildings in the lake area are mainly concentrated on three islands. The tree-lined lake at the bottom of the pot is located in sparkling water, which brings wealth to the natural beauty of the lake in the southern mountainous area.
The south slope of Wanshou Mountain in Qian Shan, near Kunming Lake, hills and affiliated companies form a very pleasant natural environment. Buildings with lakes, mountains, islands and dikes were formed, and a rolling landscape painting, such as embroidery, was painted outside the scene. The main entrance of Xiaoshan Park is near the geographical location, which is convenient for tourists, but it also faces south and overlooks Kunming Lake, which is a building of the park. Gardening craftsmen use the layout method of the first mountain complex. From the buildings on the shore, the central Asia center with rich and huge body image, to the top of the mountain, there are many magnificent halls on the hillside covered by the Taiwan Province Provincial Pavilion, and a set of vertical axes is established to form the whole front mountain. What will happen after this group of buildings, including the main celebrations of park construction-the emperor's Buddhist temple, Paiyun Hall and Foxiang Pavilion. The latter is the largest building in the park, with a volume of about 40 meters, and tennis courts and volleyball courts attract much attention. Under the octagonal eaves, you can see the spire where the images are kept. In many places, outside the park, the buildings are magnificent and overwhelm London, and the whole Qian Shan and Kunming Lake form the string of the global center. In response to the construction of the longitudinal axis center, at the foot of the whole mountain, the "promenade" in the middle of the lake winds up along the north bank, with a length of 273 meters and a length of 728 meters, which is the longest veranda in China gardens. The buildings in front of the mountain are small and natural, and the rest of the mountains, slopes and ridges are arranged in the lush pine and cypress forests to enhance the solemn Canon South Korea Central Building.
In Wanshou Mountain on the back slope of Hubei Province, gardeners skillfully use the palace walls and cramped environment of the north and south rivers to build a rockery barrier at the foot of the mountain. In the folder on the south bank, there is a matching water landscape and real mountain scenery between the two mountains and the palace wall. The river with narrow water width is treated with radiotherapy on the boating lake, and the mountains are filled with sea. Vista is a nice and quiet waterscape park.
There is a big difference between Shanshui Mountain and Qianshan Mountain. The natural environment is a lush forest full of wild interest, with winding mountains and quiet scenery. In addition, the spiritual realm of Xumi Mountain in the central temple is a place where buildings are concentrated and self-contained, consisting of a boutique garden and the surrounding environment. They crouch at the top of the mountain, or face the hillside, or face the water, with flexible layout. In the middle of the lake, they are all like restaurants in Jiangnan River Market and trade streets built on ruins. "Built on the mountain, except for the reconciliation of interests and the reconstruction of a complete Guangxu emperor's garden, the rest can't be completed, only vaguely acknowledging the scale of this year's ruin. With the original so-called Huishan Garden and Humorous Garden, Wuxi Airport Park is imitated, and the water surface of the whole park is established in the park. Water accumulation, domestic water Qinyu Gorge is arranged along the main ring pool, and Qingpu has elegant halls, churches and buildings.
scenery
Donggongmen District: the easternmost area of the Summer Palace, which was once the hall for the Qing emperors to engage in political activities and daily life, including the Hall of Renshou, an audience minister, houses, palaces, big stage and courtyards on the north and south sides. The East Palace Gate is the main entrance of the Summer Palace. Under the eaves of the East Gate where it is located, colorful patterns are painted on the canvas, with six scarlet doors and yellow doornails in the middle. Under the eaves, there is a big plaque with the word "Summer Palace" written on it. The single two-dragon play bead carved in front of the Forbidden City was carved in Qianlong period. It was carved with Yunlong stone carving and moved from the ruins of Yuanmingyuan (Anyou Palace), which is a symbol of the restoration of the gate of the Qing Dynasty in the East Palace.
& lt/ Prospect of Wanshou Mountain: The scenic spot is orderly with two vertical axes, and the east-west axis corridors are lined up on the north-south axis, showing the majesty of the emperor. Wisdom Dehui Temple, Paiyun Temple and Buddha Pavilion in the central corridor reach the top of the mountain, formerly known as Jinshan Wanshou Mountain and Wengshan Mountain, with an altitude of 109 meters. From Paiyunmen, Ergongmen, Yinan Buddha Pavilion and Kunming Lake, a group of magnificent buildings are formed. The runner-up hid "Harmony" with Wanshou Mountain and Shidong in Kunming Lake, Wufangge on the west side and Baoyun Pavilion overlooking Kunming Lake climbed the peak.
Mountain and Lake Scenic Area: the northernmost small trees in the Summer Palace, winding roads, quiet and elegant, gorgeous and unique preformed mountains. Suzhou Street is a group of Tibetan architecture and unique architecture in Jiangnan style, with compact layout and unique features.
The water of Kunming Lake and the Summer Palace? Three quarters of the total area? The 220-hectare Qianhu area in the south is full of blue waves, vast smoke waves and ups and downs. On the way to Tamia Liu, Beiting Group looked at the west dike of the lake, lying on the 17 span bridge on the lake, in the middle of the lake in the form of classical architecture.
5. Foxiang Pavilion: Located at the core of the front mountainside of Wanshou Mountain, it is built on a platform 2 1 m square, with an octahedral four-eaves building and a courtyard 4 1 m square. There are eight huge iron rosewood Optimus Prime in the courtyard, which is a masterpiece of classical architecture. 1.860, British and French allied forces burned down in 65438+. In the pavilion, we are dedicated to receiving the Buddha for the royal family to burn incense here.
6. Promenade: The promenade is located at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, facing Kunming Lake and facing Wanshou Mountain in the north. On the invitation door in the east, the stone in the west is 10 feet long and 728 meters long. * * * 273 is the longest garden terrace between the two, and 1992 is recognized as the longest promenade in the world, which is a Guinness World Record. There are more than 65,438+04,000 websites on the porch, including landscapes, flowers, birds, fish and insects. Portraits are based on China's classics.
7. Paiyun Hall: The building center in front of Wanshou Mountain was originally built to change Paiyun Hall. Cixi accepted a place to worship her mother's 60th birthday and a large amount of debt to thank yanshou temple Cixi for rebuilding the park and having a birthday. The word "Paiyun" comes from Yunshan, Guo Pu and all-gold, silver and Taiwan immortals. This metaphor seems imminent and immortal from the distant and ethereal Qiongge, Paiyun Hall, Paiyun Gate, Jinshui Bridge, Gongmen and even a straight overhead floor. Paiyundian is the most spectacular building in the Summer Palace.
8. Le Shoutang: Is it the living area of the Summer Palace? The main building was built in Qianlong period 15( 1750), Xianfeng period 1860( 1860) and Guangxu period (1887). Leshou Hall faces Kunming Lake, with Wanshou Mountain as its back, Renshou Hall as its east and promenades and parks as its west. It is a throne for living and entertainment.
The empire of Le Shoutang fell, on the screen of ordinary glass. There are two large disks filled with fruits and fragrant Qinglong flowers under the seat, the bathroom bedroom with sandalwood and nine peaches in Tonglu, and the mahogany wardrobe in the dressing room of the Oriental Bathroom is a relic of the Qianlong period.
Bronze deer, cranes and vases displayed in the courtyard of Leshou Hall are intended to show that "the flowers planted in the courtyard of Liuhe area are full of magnolia, begonia and peony, and the apartment is rich in jade". Invite the famous stems of Magnolia grandiflora before transplanting.
9. Seventeen-hole Bridge: Located in Kunming Lake, connecting Tung Chung and Nanhu Island, Dashiqiao is in the park. The stone bridge is 8m wide and150m long. Since 17 bridge opening, there are more than 500 stone bridges of different sizes. The stone bridges on both sides are like lions on the railing.
On the Hubin Avenue in shifang city 10, there is a big stone ship named Qingyan Ship, which is located at the western end of Qinghe Rock in Le Hai. The Summer Palace, the only western-style building, was formerly a quiet temple release station in the Ming Dynasty. Long Xiuxiu, the change of Qingyi Garden, was renamed as "the 36-meter boat of the mayor of Shifang, shifang city, with two buildings carved out of marine marble. The tile floor of the ship, the bricks at the bottom and top of the stained glass windows decorate the top of the ship and the four corners of the hollow cylinder. The design of the four Hurku lakes is very ingenious.
In German 1 1 large theaters and parks, chengde mountain resort Silent is dedicated to the 60th birthday queen, with a height of 2 1 m, especially the Summer Palace, Tating Pavilion, Forbidden City and Shenfang Courtyard, which are the tallest in Cixi Theatre, collectively referred to as three stages. There are always three, one is the "patio" building on the top of the first floor. Well and Wufangchi perform a ghost play "Heaven" that falls from the sky and comes out from the bottom of the "ground", which can divert water to the stage.
Suzhou Street, 12, behind Shangmao Street, imitates the water town south of these two lakes. Shore, Qingyi Garden, all kinds of shops, such as jade antique shops, satin shops, dim sum shops, teahouses, gold and silver jewelry buildings, etc., the staff in the shops are eunuchs and maids in honor dresses. After the emperor's happy hour, many shops were by the lake. 1860 The burnt rural landscape was rebuilt at 1986.
13 bronze pavilion (Baoyunge): one of the best and largest bronze products in the bronze pavilion. The white marble tower of Buddha Fragrant Pavilion is 4m high, which was built in the court of Wu Fang granted by Emperor Qianlong, with a height of 7.5m and a weight of 207 tons. The diamond-shaped fan is surrounded by a copper-wood frame structure, which is completely in accordance with all the grid layers inside and outside the heart of the diamond-shaped fan, curtain rack and ceiling fan.
14, Traveling in Pictorial World: Important architectural scenic spots on the west slope of Changshou, China. In front of a two-story exhibition hall, on both sides and on the first floor, it is named "Aishan" and will be listed this autumn. On behalf of the court, the building in Zheng Hui is behind a stone, and there is an arch between it and the mountaineering library. It is located on a hillside with a variety of architectural forms, buildings, clubs and art galleries. It is a group of buildings covered with red, yellow, blue and green glazed tiles, built with different contours, surrounded by green hills and cypresses, and looks like a landscape painting of China.
15 Wisdom Sea on the Peak: The highest point of the religious building in Wanshou Mountain is a complete brick, horizontal and vertical white arched beam Buddha Hall, with two colors of fine yellow and green, and a small amount of purple-blue glazed tile roof glazed facade decoration. The whole temple, especially the glazed Buddha statue outside the wall of the Thousand Buddha Temple, has more functions and is embedded with a sea of wisdom. It is a Buddhist term, praising the wisdom of Buddha as the sea and boundless Buddhism. Because of the worship hall. I like wooden buildings very much, but they are not really wood, bricks or stones. No matter whether there are purlins or not, the Buddha with infinite longevity has issued coupons, also known as the "Infinite Hall".
16 bronze bull: The bronze bull is cast in Kunming Lake, flood control group 17 bridgehead eastbound port 1755, and is called the "golden bull" in the north of the east coast.
17, the main venue of Sanheyuan built by southwest lake of Yulantang Yulantang Renshou Hall is located in the south of Lanentang, with Xia Fen Room in the east, Renshou Hall in the west, and the East Hall of Champs Elysé es and the West Hall of Lakeside Wharf. The back door of the main hall is Zhiyi Museum. 1898, Cixi launched a palace coup. The reform advocated by Emperor Guangxu in prison.
18, Humor Garden: Wanshou Mountain Park in Luyuan, Shandong Province is in a separate area, with the style of Jiangnan garden. It is called Qingyiyuan Huishan Park, imitating Wuxi Huishan Airport Garden Park. 18 1 1 year reconstruction. What does it mean to reconcile inches? Emperor Qianlong's poem, a pavilion and a diameter are completely harmonious, and it is named "Garden of Harmonious Interests". There are 13 communication balconies and 5 different types of bridges in the Park General Pavilion and Taiwan Province Provincial Pavilion. Park,