That is, "artificial mummy". This word is translated from English mummy and comes from Persian mumiai, which means "asphalt". Many places in the world have antiseptic spices or embalmed with sesame oil (or medicinal materials), and the mummies in ancient Egypt are the most famous. Ancient Egyptians buried corpses with antiseptic spices, which dried up over the years and formed mummies. The ancient Egyptians believed that after death, the soul would not die, but would still cling to the corpse or statue. Therefore, after the death of Pharaoh, they were all mummified as a hope and deep memory of the deceased. Mummy originally meant asphalt, referring to a dry and uncorrupted corpse. Egypt has found the largest number of mummies, the earliest time and the most complicated technology. When the Egyptians made mummies, they first took out part of the brain marrow from the nostrils of the dead body with iron hooks and injected some drugs into the brain for cleaning. Then use a sharp stone knife to cut a hole in the side abdomen, take out the internal organs completely, clean the abdomen, fill it with coconut milk wine and mashed spices, and sew it as it is. After this step is completed, the body is put into baking soda powder for 70 days, then it is washed, wrapped with linen bandage from head to toe, and coated with gum commonly used in Egypt instead of ordinary glue, and then the body is handed over to relatives, who put it in a special humanoid wooden box and keep it in the tomb, standing upright against the wall. Ancient Egypt liked to mummify the bodies of kings or ministers very early, and it was impossible without a high level of medical care. Unlike ancient China, mummification even became a trend in ancient Egypt. Why? Mummy Legend In ancient Egypt, there was such a touching myth and legend. A long time ago, Osiris, the son of the land god Sebu, was very capable and was once the king (Pharaoh) of Egypt. He taught people to engage in agricultural production, such as farming, making bread, brewing wine and mining, which brought people happiness. So people worship him and regard him as the Nile God. People's lives are given by Osiris. He has a younger brother named Seth, who has bad intentions and plots to kill his brother and seize the throne. One day, Seth invited his brother to dinner and found many people to accompany him. At dinner, Seth pointed to a beautiful big box and said to everyone, "Whoever can lie in this box will be given it." Osiris, egged on by everyone, tried it in front of everyone's interview. But as soon as he lay in, Seth closed the box, locked it, and threw him into the Nile. After Osiris was killed, his wife Isis, the rain god, searched everywhere and finally found the body. Unexpectedly, Seth knew about it. He stole the body again in the middle of the night, cut it into 14 pieces and threw it in different places. Isis found pieces of Osiris's body from different places and buried them in situ. Later, Horace, the posthumous son of Osiris, was born. He has been brave since he was a child. When he grew up, he defeated Seth, avenged his father and inherited the throne of the world. He dug up his father's corpse from all over the country and pieced it together into a mummy. With the help of God, he brought his father back to life. Osiris's resurrection is not on earth, but in the underworld. In another world, he became the master, responsible for judging the dead and protecting the Pharaoh on earth. This fairy tale began to spread among the people. Later, when Pharaoh of Egypt heard about it, he used it to deceive the people, saying that God always helped him, so he was a ruler before his death and a ruler after his death. Anyone who opposes the Pharaoh will be punished alive and will not pass Osiris's trial in the underworld after death. Since then, every Egyptian Pharaoh has performed the myth of Osiris after his death. The first step is to hold a body search ceremony. The second point is to hold a purification ceremony, that is, to dissect the corpse, take out the internal organs and bone marrow, and make a mummy. The specific method is to soak the corpse in antiseptic solution, dissolve the oil and wash off the epidermis. After 70 days, the body was taken out to dry. Fill the cavity with spices, coat it with chewing gum to prevent the body from contacting air and bacteria, and then wrap the body tightly with cloth. In this way, the enduring "mummy" was made. The third step is to recite the mantra, open the eyes, nose, ears and mouth for the "mummy" and stuff food into its mouth. It is said that you can breathe, talk and eat like a living person. Finally, the burial ceremony, the "mummy" was put into the sarcophagus and sent to the "eternal residence" they managed for themselves before their death-the grave. The ancient Egyptians believed that the soul would not die when it was young. They regard human death as a continuation of "life" in another world, so they are keen on making mummies and repairing graves. They use salt water, spices, ointment, linen and other things to make the body into a "mummy", and then put it in a closed grave, which can be preserved for a long time. Buried in the grave, the incorruptible body quietly waits for the dead soul to come back and cling to it. The ancient Egyptians realized that man's resurrection can only be in the underworld, not on earth. Therefore, the reorganization of bodies and souls can not bring people back to earth, but can only live in the underground palace. Slave owners, as rulers, used all the manpower, material resources and financial resources of the country to build tombs in order to meet their needs after death, and the pyramids appeared under such circumstances. For the convenience of the deceased, all kinds of daily necessities must also be placed in the tomb. The production of The Mummy is mixed with some mysterious and superstitious things. As far as the production of "mummy" itself is concerned, it embodies the achievements of medical level in ancient Egypt. In the process of making "mummies", Egyptians accumulated a lot of anatomical knowledge, and initially understood the relationship between human blood circulation and heart function, as well as the important role of the brain in the human body. Edwin Smith papyrus, which can be seen today, is the most important medical document in ancient Egypt. This medical work was discovered by a man named Edwin Smith in the 1960s from 65438 BC to 0600 BC, and the oldest part of it can be traced back to the period of the Middle Kingdom. The first half of papyrus systematically describes the structure of human body, which is a bit like today's human anatomy, and lists 48 cases, which are divided into treatable, refractory and incurable, and also describes the symptoms in detail. Unfortunately, the second half has been lost. In the sculptures around 2500 BC, we can see the images of doctors performing operations at that time. All these indicate that ancient Egyptian medicine has reached a high level. The medical achievements of ancient Egypt are directly related to their autopsies and mummies. The specific production process of mummies, that is, mummies. Ancient Egyptians buried corpses with antiseptic spices, which dried up over the years and formed mummies. The ancient Egyptians believed that after death, the soul would not die, but would still cling to the corpse or statue. Therefore, after the death of Pharaoh, they were all mummified as a hope and deep memory of the deceased. Mummy originally meant asphalt, referring to a dry and uncorrupted corpse. Egypt has found the largest number of mummies, the earliest time and the most complicated technology. When the Egyptians made mummies, they first took out part of the brain marrow from the nostrils of the dead body with iron hooks and injected some drugs into the brain for cleaning. Then use a sharp stone knife to cut a hole in the side abdomen, take out the internal organs completely, clean the abdomen, fill it with coconut milk wine and mashed spices, and sew it as it is. After this step is completed, the body is put into baking soda powder for 70 days, then it is washed, wrapped with linen bandage from head to toe, and coated with gum commonly used in Egypt instead of ordinary glue, and then the body is handed over to relatives, who put it in a special humanoid wooden box and keep it in the tomb, standing upright against the wall. This expensive method of disposing of corpses is generally suitable for pharaohs, dignitaries and the rich. It is much easier for the poor to make mummies. Wash the abdomen with laxatives, then soak the body in soda powder for 70 days, take it out, let the wind blow dry and bury it in a dry sand dune. The ancient Egyptians, rich or poor, were mummified after their death. This is because the ancient Egyptians believed that people were composed of body and soul, and even in the world of the underworld, the dead still needed their own bodies. A corpse is not a "useless corpse". As long as the body is well preserved, it can always be used. The soul is gradually lost with the gradual destruction of the body, and the complete destruction of the body means the complete disappearance of the soul. As long as the body is preserved and the soul has a place to live, the dead can be reincarnated. The specific production process and method are as follows: if someone dies, his body is first sent to a place called "clothing department": it is dedicated to purifying the body. After the body was washed with soda water, it was sent to a place called "Babet" (meaning pure land) or "Per-Napier" (meaning beautiful house) to complete the filling of spices. So mummies are being made. Herodotus left us detailed information about this. First, apply melted turpentine to your face to protect your facial image and prevent it from drying too fast. Second, brain pulp processing. The craftsman inserted the chisel into the left nostril, crushed the ethmoid bone, and then used tools to rotate in the brain, destroying the brain marrow. Insert a very small long-handled spoon into the brain from the nostril, dig out the brains, and finally put some drugs and spices into the empty skull. Brain marrow is generally not preserved. Third, take out the internal organs. The stomach, intestine, liver and lung were taken out through the left incision in the abdomen. Then use palm oil as cleaning solution to clean the chest and abdomen. Sometimes these organs are neatly wrapped in turpentine balls and put into the mummy's abdomen, and sometimes they are put into a small jar with a lid and then put into the abdomen. Small pots are becoming more and more complicated from the ancient kingdom to the new kingdom. At first, there were some simple pot covers, but in the Middle Kingdom, there were pot covers with heads. In the early18th century, the lid of the jar was guarded by the "son of Horace". However, it was forbidden to take out the heart in ancient Egypt. They regard the heart as a symbol of wisdom and try their best to keep it in the body. In the book of the dead in the New Kingdom, there are three people on duty who take turns guarding the heart. Fourth, dehydration. This is an important drying process. The craftsmen first wrapped the soaked alkali and other temporary fillers in cloth, and then soaked them in dry soaked alkali powder for about 40 days. After the water is drained, they take out the stuffing inside and put crushed myrrh, cinnamon, soaked alkali, sawdust and so on in cloth bags. Finally, they carefully stitched the incision and pasted a piece of skin with Horace's eyes painted on it, because the ancient Egyptians missed the strong healing and protection of this skin. Fifth, cosmetic surgery. In order to keep the mummy's skin soft, it was selectively coated with a mixture of milk, wine, spices, beeswax, turpentine and asphalt to beautify the skin. Mummy's eyes are full of linen and stones, which are very vivid. The mummy was finally coated with turpentine to prevent moisture, and the makeup artist also sprinkled a layer of carmine on the mummy's cheeks, wearing a braided wig, clothes and the best jewelry. Sixth, the bag. Egyptians thought it was dangerous to be buried, so prayers were accompanied during the whole process (usually 15 days). Every time the hand that bandages the body moves, it is accompanied by solemn prayers or magic spells, and protective strips are placed between linen bandages. They attach great importance to keeping it in their hearts. Amulets are generally made of scarab-shaped or heart-shaped green stones with the words "Preserve the heart of the deceased so that it will not produce anything harmful to its owner". Other amulets were placed near the mummy's body or wrapped in linen. Seventh, the mummy greeted his card. The time is usually 70 days. After that, Anubis secretly returned the mummy to his family for burial.