Shi's face is so ugly that people call him "incomplete" Legend has it that he went to see his boss when he was first appointed as County Yin. Seeing his respect, his boss couldn't help smiling, but said unhurriedly, "Is it because I am ugly?" What a hateful beast! What's wrong with an animal like me? "
Stone (? -1722), the word Wenxian, was the son of Shi Lang, a general of the Qing Dynasty who crossed the sea and surrendered to Taiwan Province Province. 1685, with the title of "Yin Sheng" (father was a scholar) as the magistrate of Taizhou.
Shi's strict law enforcement solved many mysteries and was soon praised by the people as "clear sky and white day" In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), there was a flood in Jiangnan, and Huai 'an was in an emergency. Two imperial envoys with dozens of followers were ordered to supervise the dike project in Taizhou section of the canal. After supervising the dike project, these people have been making noise, disturbing the people, and what's more, they have made up official numbers to do evil. It is really the flood that has not disappeared, and it has been "a disaster for the officials." Shi immediately impeached and punished those who violated the law.
In June of the same year, green camp laid off employees, and Xia Fenglong, the governor of Huguang (under the jurisdiction of the governor, equivalent to the head), took the lead in launching a mutiny, and the court quickly sent troops to suppress * * *. The army crossed the border and harmed the people all the way. When the loyalist passed through Taizhou, Shi prepared military supplies such as grain and feed in an open place and piled them neatly together. At the same time, he deployed the county magistrate, the people and the strong men, and lined up with big sticks, ready to start at any time. Loyalist dare not fool around, quietly took the supplies and left. Stone did keep one side safe.
In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, Shi was demoted and transferred according to the regulations because the sand boat in the Jingkou section of the Grand Canal was delayed. However, the Governor Tower of Liangjiang spared no effort to protect the stone, saying that he was "honest and clean" and a rare good local official. Emperor Kangxi is allowed to stay in office. Soon, he was appointed as the magistrate of Yangzhou. Yangzhou is a commercial city, and the rulers think that the local folk customs are "easy to wander". Shi also took many measures to change folk customs, which was well received. Later, shortly after he was transferred to jiangning house, his father Shi Lang died. According to the traditional law, Shi should immediately go to the official's home to "keep the system" for three years. When Jiangning heard about it, they went to the yamen and asked to stay. Fan, the governor of Liangjiang, asked whether history won the hearts of the people and whether he could remain in power. However, Shi still insisted on leaving, but more than 10 thousand citizens failed to stop him. Some people donated money to build a "Wen Yi Pavilion" as a souvenir.
Shi mourned for his father before his mother died, and he mourned for her. It was many years before I reported to the official department in Beijing to choose an official. Ministers recommended Shi as the provincial judge of Hunan, but Emperor Kangxi said, "I know Shi is honest and clean, but he is suspicious when he is in trouble. Whenever the people and scholars tell him, he will be partial to the people; If a poor scholar sues the rich, it must be partial to the poor scholar. How can you be so paranoid when you try to do things well? People like Shi are still suitable for financial positions. " Shi was appointed as the ambassador to Hunan, and he no longer held judicial posts.
From Emperor Kangxi's evaluation of history, we can see the characteristics of this judge's judgment. Later, he became governor of grain transportation and died in office. The legendary story of Shi was widely circulated among the people in the south of the Yangtze River, and was later compiled into Shi Gong An by later generations, but most of it was inconsistent with historical facts.
2. Shi's face, which translated the ancient prose "The Animal Face and the Human Heart", is so ugly that people call him "incomplete". When he was first appointed as Yin, he went to see his boss. Some bosses couldn't help laughing when they saw his respect, but he said seriously, "Are you laughing because I'm ugly?" What a hateful beast! What's wrong with an animal like me? "
From the original text of Shi Gong An, a popular folk case-solving novel in Qing Dynasty:
Cao Xian is a civil servant, ugly, alias "incomplete". At the beginning of Guanjun, Yi Yin went to Shangguan, and Shangguan either covered his mouth and smiled. He said confidently, "Is the public ugly?" Human face and animal heart, hateful ears. If you are, then the beast will face people's hearts, what harm! "
Extended data:
Brief introduction of main characters:
Shi's strict law enforcement solved many mysteries and was soon praised by the people as "clear sky and white day" In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), there was a flood in Jiangnan, and Huai 'an was in an emergency. Two imperial envoys with dozens of followers were ordered to supervise the dike project in Taizhou section of the canal. After supervising the dike project, these people have been making noise, disturbing the people, and what's more, they have made up official numbers to do evil. It is really the flood that has not disappeared, and it has been "a disaster for the officials." Shi immediately impeached and punished those who violated the law.
In June of the same year, green camp laid off employees, and Xia Fenglong, the governor of Huguang (under the jurisdiction of the governor, equivalent to the head of the regiment), took the lead in launching a mutiny, and the court quickly sent troops to suppress it. The army crossed the border and harmed the people all the way. When the loyalist passed through Taizhou, Shi prepared military supplies such as grain and feed in an open place and piled them neatly together. At the same time, he deployed the county magistrate, the people and the strong men, lined up with big sticks, ready to start at any time. Loyalist dare not fool around, quietly took the supplies and left. Stone did keep one side safe.
In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, Shi was demoted and transferred according to the regulations because the sand boat in the Jingkou section of the Grand Canal was delayed. However, the Governor Tower of Liangjiang spared no effort to protect the stone, saying that he was "honest and clean" and a rare good local official. Emperor Kangxi is allowed to stay in office. Soon, he was appointed as the magistrate of Yangzhou. Yangzhou is a commercial city, and the rulers think that the local folk customs are "easy to wander". Shi also took many measures to change folk customs, which was well received.
Later, shortly after he was transferred to jiangning house, his father Shi Lang died. According to the traditional law, Shi should immediately go to the official's home to "keep the system" for three years. When Jiangning heard about it, they went to the yamen and asked to stay. Fan, the governor of Liangjiang, asked whether history won the hearts of the people and whether he could remain in power. However, Shi still insisted on leaving, but more than 10 thousand citizens failed to stop him. Some people donated money to build a "Wen Yi Pavilion" as a souvenir.
Sogou encyclopedia-animal face and human heart
3. Translating ancient Chinese into Wang Shouren's book Biography means "seeking truth from the outside", which is why there are two knowing and doing.
Seeking truth from the heart is the teaching of the unity of knowledge and action of the holy gate. Biography is the quotation of Wang Shouren (the word Yangming), a philosopher in China in the Ming Dynasty and a representative of Taoism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, and the academic letter biography "The word originated from the Analects of Confucius and cannot be passed down".
Biography contains Wang Yangming's main philosophical thoughts and is an important material for studying Wang Yangming's thoughts and psychological development. The first volume was reviewed by Wang Yangming himself, and the letters in the middle volume were written by Wang Yangming in his later years. The second volume, though not audited by myself, elaborates his thoughts in his later years and records Wang Yangming's "four-sentence teaching".
Wang Yangming inherited the tradition of Cheng Hao and Lu Jiuyuan's theory of mind, and further criticized Zhu's Neo-Confucianism on the basis of Lu Jiuyuan. These positions and viewpoints are clearly expressed in the thought of the Book of Practice.
"Mind is reason" was originally a proposition of Lu Jiuyuan, which was developed in Biography. Wang Yangming criticized Zhu's cultivation method, that is, seeking truth from the outside and seeking harmony between sex and goodness from foreign affairs.
Wang Yangming believes that "the best is the noumenon of the heart" and "the heart is reasonable, and this heart is not covered by selfish desires, that is, righteousness, and there is no need to add a point." He said this to emphasize that the foundation of social ethics lies in the perfection of people's hearts.
Based on this principle, his understanding of Great Learning is quite different from that of Zhu Da. Zhu believes that the "teacher" in "University" is the "all-round use" that requires students to finally understand people's hearts by understanding foreign things.
Wang Yangming believes that the "lattice" of "is" to remove the injustice in the heart and cultivate its ontology " The ontology of meaning is knowledge, and the meaning lies in things.
"Knowledge" is inherent in people's hearts, not just knowing foreign things. This kind of knowledge is "conscience".
He said: "The so-called governor makes me conscience. My inner conscience is so-called justice.
In my conscience, things make sense, things make sense. With my inner conscience, I also know; Everything makes sense, and things are also; It is also the combination of mind and reason.
"In his view, Zhu's theory of material poverty is precisely the separation of mind and reason. It can be seen that Wang Yangming put forward "mind is reason", which mainly serves his theory of self-cultivation.
Conscience theory is the development of Lu Jiuyuan's thought that mind is reason. Wang Yangming's thought that mind is reason also has ontological significance in our general sense.
But if we study it from ontology, we will ignore its basic significance in Wang Yangming's theory of self-cultivation. The issue of knowing and doing is an important issue discussed in Zhuan, which also reflects Wang Yangming's further study on the discussion of Taoism in Song and Ming Dynasties since Zhu.
Zhu advocated that the prophet should act after his deeds and pay attention to the prophet's actions after his deeds. Wang Yangming's "unity of knowledge and action" continued Zhu's tradition of hard work, but criticized Zhu's separation of knowledge and action.
Wang Yangming advocates that the unity of knowledge and action is based on mind and reason. While criticizing Zhu, he also points out that he basically divides mind and reason into two parts. He said: "The reason why this kind of knowing and doing is two is because it seeks truth from the outside.
Seeking the truth from my heart is the teaching of the unity of knowledge and action in this holy gate. "Unity of knowing and doing" means that knowing and doing are two sides of the same thing.
Knowledge is the conscience of the mind itself; Conscience is full of popular, objective and concrete actions or things, that is, ok. Starting from this understanding, knowing but not doing it means not knowing.
Knowing is the idea of doing, and doing is the kung fu of knowing. Knowledge and action are closely related, so there is a saying that knowledge and action are one.
In the society at that time, in the development of Neo-Confucianism, there was indeed a situation of knowing but not doing it. Wang Yangming's unity of knowing and doing is of great significance to correct the current disadvantages.
However, he stressed that the theory of the unity of knowledge and action is not only aimed at the disadvantages of the times, but also aimed at explaining the ontology of knowledge and action. The theory of unity of knowing and doing emphasizes that moral consciousness already exists in people's minds, which is moral consciousness.
It also emphasizes the practicality of morality, and holds that moral knowledge is not the knowledge about the object, but the realization of morality. The unity of knowledge and practice also has general epistemological significance, but it first stresses moral cultivation, which has not been deeply studied by academic circles for a long time.
Wang Yangming's "mind is reason", "conscience" and "unity of knowledge and action" all emphasize moral consciousness and dominance. He said: "knowledge is the spirit of reason, which means heart in terms of its dominant position and nature in terms of its endowment."
"The human mind can know the good and evil of behavior, and can also consciously do good. This is the "awareness" of one's own mind, which is the development of Cheng Hao Thought. There are many expositions about the "ethereal lucidity" of human heart in "On Practice".
It is necessary to thoroughly study Wang Yangming's theory of "unreasonable outside the heart". It is precisely because the essence of human heart is rationality that people can consciously realize this moral consciousness, so people don't need to know their inner principles through external things, and the principles of external things are only the expression of human heart.
Gezhi's efforts are not to know foreign things, but to get rid of his own selfish desires. Cheng Hao and Zhu on the clarity of human heart.
Readers should understand the connection and difference between Wang Yangming and them when reading biographies. It should be admitted that Wang Yangming's above thought does give an ontological explanation of human goodness, which is of historical significance.
However, we should also see that his theory does not study the causes of evil human nature enough. Although his theory also influenced the lower classes in Ming dynasty, it can't be said that it has great universality.
Wang Yangming also noticed that people with "rich roots" and "dull roots" should be treated differently, but his thoughts were only suitable for people with rich roots. Later generations criticized him for "near Zen".
This is also the reason why he is not as good as Zhu Xue. Wang Yangming's deviation has begun to attract the attention of modern scholars, but in contemporary neo-Confucianism, no one except Liang Shuming has paid enough attention to it. In his biography, Wang Yangming also discussed the realm of "the benevolent and the universe are one" proposed by Cheng Hao.
He pointed out that saints have this realm, so they treat people all over the world with kindness, no matter how far or near. He further pointed out that the hearts of people all over the world are the same as those of saints, but because of selfish desires, they turn against love.
In Wang Yangming's view, benevolence is not only the realm of cultivation, but also the noumenon of human heart. Wang Yangming's explanation of benevolence focuses on moral cultivation.
Like Zhang Zai's "the way of combining inside and outside", what Cheng Hao said is of epistemological significance. The "four-sentence teaching", which is debated endlessly for Wang Xue's successor, is recorded in Biography.
These four sentences.
4. Translate the following passage in classical Chinese: 9 1, Lu Zhi's theory of investigating group emotions.
Dezong asked Lu Zhi about the most urgent thing today. Lu Zhi believes that the chaos in the past was caused by the unconnected feelings between the upper and lower classes. Persuade Dezong to contact the next situation and listen to suggestions. So he entered the last chapter and said roughly, "I think the most important thing today is to find out everyone's thoughts in detail." If everyone likes it, then your majesty will implement it first; " If everyone is disgusting, your majesty will get rid of it first. Your majesty likes and hates things like the rest of the world, and the rest of the world refuses to return to your majesty. From ancient times to the present, there is no such thing. Generally speaking, the root cause of chaos control is closely related to people's hearts, not to mention when changes occur, people's hearts are shaken, and they are at a critical juncture of danger, doubt and people's hearts turning back! People return, and everything is revitalized; When a person is divorced, everything will be in danger. How can your majesty share his likes and dislikes with others without observing their hearts, so that the people can yearn for submission to stabilize the country? This is the most urgent thing at present. "
Original text:
(Tang Dynasty) Dezong asked Lu Zhi about his current priority. It is a pity to persuade the superior to take over the remonstrance, because it is impossible to cause chaos from home. Just a short sentence: "I said that the urgent task at present is to inspect the masses." What the masses want, your majesty goes first; Your majesty will go to those very evil people first. Those who want to be evil with the world and not return to the world have never existed. The root of chaos lies in people's hearts. When changes waver, when doubts turn back, people will plant where they belong, and people will lean where they are. Your majesty may not judge the public, but share their desires and evils, so that billions of people will return to interest, so as to make the Jingbang family happy! This is the top priority today. "
5. The popular translation of ancient Chinese urgently ordered Meng to be the prefect of Nanjun, seal the title of Liling Hou, and give 100 million yuan and 500 Jin of gold.
Money and power are not allowed. If you don't get knighted, you will get sick. In power, in the public security, meet the hall. So you treat 10 thousand people, and if you can get sick more, give it to a daughter.
When there is a needle, power is miserable. I want to see its color, but I'm afraid of work. I often see it through the wall. I am happy when I see a little food, and I smile. Otherwise I can't sleep at night. When he was ill, he pardoned him and the ministers congratulated him.
After that, he became more and more pious, was given the right to see, and ordered Taoist priests to plead for him under the stars. Forty-two years old, died in the hall.
The power of time is very sad, so it is reduced. When I was still alive, all the gifts I received were given to the government, and all of them were returned on the day when my master died, and my business appointment was gone.
The right to smell is good for sorrow. I don't write books and biographies, and every major event is often ignored.
I often regard the trilogy as the last work of Jiangxia satrap Cai, and I have no hatred. He said that the satrap was in charge of Shao's soldiers. Someone recommended him to be a good official, and they all smiled and said, "Do you want to be Qi Xi?" So use it.
Gan ning is rude and easy to kill. He often loses his ignorance and sometimes violates the order of power. When Quan was angry, Meng asked, "The world is undecided, and it is better to use troops than to fight. Will it be tolerated?" The power is thick and peaceful, and the pawn has its use.
Sun Quan named Monroe as the prefect of Nanjun, made him the Hou of Liling, and awarded 100 million yuan and 500 Jin of gold. Lv Meng resolutely refused to accept gold and money, nor did Sun Quan allow it, nor did he grant a title, which happened to meet Lv Meng's illness.
At that time, Sun Quan lived in the public security, placed Lv Meng in the inner hall where he lived, tried his best to treat and nurse Lv Meng, collected people who could cure Lv Meng's disease extensively in China, and rewarded him with one thousand Jin of gold. Sun Quan felt sorry for Lv Meng when the doctor gave him acupuncture. I want to see him more, but I'm afraid it will affect his rest, so I have to dig a small hole in the wall to have a peek. When I see Lu Meng, I can eat a small amount of food, which makes me very happy. I will talk and laugh with people around me in the future. Seeing that Lv Meng couldn't eat, he sighed and sighed, and stayed up all night.
When Monroe recovered from half of her illness, Sun Quan ordered the pardon of criminals to celebrate, and civil and military officials came to congratulate her. Later, when his illness worsened, Sun Quan personally visited his sickbed and ordered the Taoist priest to pray for him and prolong his life in front of the starry sky at night.
Monroe died in the inner hall when she was forty-two years old. At that time, Sun Quan was very sad. He reduced enjoyment and food for his funeral to show his condolences.
When Monroe didn't die, all the valuables such as gold, silver and jewelry he got as a reward were handed over to the state treasury for collection, and the person in charge was ordered to hand them over after his death, so the funeral must be simple and frugal. When Sun Quan heard this, he was even sadder and more moved.
When Monroe was young, he didn't study classical literature. Every time he makes a speech on a major event, he often dictated his words to others and recorded them as a musical instrument. Because of the accident of his subordinates, he was impeached by Jiangxia satrap Cai Yi, but Lv Meng had no resentment.
After yu zhang's death, Sun Quan asked Lv Meng who would succeed him. Lv Meng took the opportunity to recommend Cai Yi, saying that he was a competent and good official. Sun Quan said with a smile, "Are you going to be Qi Xi?" So Cai Yi was appointed. Gan Ning is rude and likes to kill people indiscriminately, which often makes Lv Meng dissatisfied and always goes against Sun Quan's original intention. Sun Quan was very angry with him. Lv Meng always asked: "The world is not yet stable, and people like Gan Ning are rare. We should be tolerant and patient with him."
Sun Quan was so kind to Gan Ning that he finally got the heavy responsibility. This is the original text and translation, please see if it is this! I hope I can help you.