The story of the white snake
The White Snake is a snake demon who has practiced for thousands of years. She devotes herself to practicing only for immortality. Scholar Xu Xian went to Baozhi Hall to learn from his master and met a swordsman with a beard. Two people strayed into the three realms of shemale fairy? More than half a step? White Snake, Xiaoqing and Fahai, who are eager to accumulate virtue and become immortal, meet by chance.
There are traps everywhere in the combination of shemale and fairy? More than half a step? White Snake and Xu Xian lay down their lives to save each other and fell in love. It's just that at that time, she was still a snake demon, and she couldn't understand what love was. On the other hand, Fahai is only divided into shemale, does not distinguish between good and evil, and is determined to act rashly. He was punished by lightning, taken back by God, and became blind. The White Snake went through all kinds of hardships to send Xu Xian back to earth, and Fahai turned into the White Snake to trick Xu Xian back and make him forget? More than half a step? Everything, forget my beloved White Snake.
The white lady has practiced for thousands of years, which is more beautiful than women on earth, but she has no tears. As long as the tears are collected, she can become a real fairy. Under the guidance of Guanyin Bodhisattva, the White Snake came to the world to become immortal and collect representatives from the world? Sick and sick, love and hate to leave? Eight drops of crystal tears. Xu Xian was caught in a rainstorm at the broken bridge in the West Lake, and reunited with the White Snake, leaving the love of borrowing and returning the umbrella. Mrs. White Snake collected seven tears in a row. Behind these seven tears is a story of love between people. They can't be blown away by the wind and the current can't melt. Sick and sick, reluctant to leave? Above. The White Snake is close to becoming an immortal, but she becomes more yearning for the world. The White Snake couldn't cut off his emotional roots and got deeper and deeper. Finally, she married Xu Xian and became pregnant with a child. Repeatedly condemned by God.
Fahai tried to break up Xu Xian and Bai Niangzi in the name of exorcism. Finally, he designed and forced the White Snake into the shape of a snake by deceiving the ten angels by his disciples, which scared Xu Xian to death. The White Snake saved Xu Xian by eating Xiancao, and Fahai took the opportunity to rob Xu Xian. Mrs White Snake stole Ganoderma lucidum Cao Xian, but she didn't come back with Xu Xian. She knelt at Jinshan Temple and asked the law to let Xu Xian go, but she failed to plead, and eventually the flood flooded Jinshan. Fahai swept Xu Xian to the emotional table and let him see the snake body of the White Snake in the psychoscope. Xu Xian calmly settled Su Zhen. Fahai was trapped by the devil, and he forgot his feelings. He wanted to become a Buddha, but he became a demon.
After Mrs White Snake gave birth to the baby, Xu Xian abandoned Fahai and got back together with his wife. When the child was 100 days old, Fahai, who had become a demon, did the same trick again, turned into a white snake empress, and was tricked into taking refuge by Xu Xian. Although the White Snake was destined, she didn't think it was wrong to love Xu Xian, and she voluntarily walked into the Leifeng Tower. Before saying goodbye, she shed the first and last tear. She loved Xu Xian all her life. Should this tear be there? Love? Let's go The White Snake is under the Leifeng Tower, unless the Leifeng Tower falls down and the West Lake dries up. Xu Xian went up the mountain into the temple and shaved his head voluntarily, just for Fahai? Within a hundred paces of the Leifeng Pagoda, you can't enter without becoming a monk? . Xu Xian asked Fahai to clean the Leifeng Tower every day, but Fahai refused. But when Fahai stood up, he was in great pain. He staggered to his feet and took three steps back. When he looked back, his hair and beard turned white, and he became old in an instant. Xu Xian sweeps the tower once a day. In order to promise to spend the rest of his life together, he and his wife live in one tower and outside the other. Whenever it rains and the sun is scorching, Mrs White Snake uses magic to open the oil umbrella to cover Xu Xian. It was not until Xu Xian was old that the oil umbrella was broken.
Seven hundred years later, the Leifeng Tower collapsed.
Yong Dong and the Seven Fairys.
According to legend, a poor family lived in Huainan during the Han Dynasty. Father and son live together, and the son's name is Yong Dong. Dong Jia lives by renting two acres of land from the landlord Fu Waijia. Father and son go out early and come back late. It's hard. When the weather is good, they can barely make ends meet except paying rent. Unexpectedly, there was a severe drought this year, and there was no harvest after autumn. The landlord urged the rent, and the old man fell ill with anxiety. Yong Dong is a dutiful son. He tried to buy medicine for his old father everywhere, but when he came home with herbs, his old father had swallowed his breath. Dongshui was so sad that he had nothing in his hand at the moment. What can he do to buy a coffin for his father? There is only one way he can think of, and that is to sell his body to bury his father. So I asked someone to tell Mr. Fu that as long as I helped bury my father, I would like to work hard in the Fu family for three years. Mr. Fu knew very well and took this opportunity to find a good long-term worker. He agreed to the request and signed a contract to sell himself.
Yong Dong buried his father, and three days later he went to work in Mr. Fu's house. Along the way, his heart ached, his brow frowned and he sighed. Walking, I saw an old pagoda tree in front of me and a land temple under it, so I wanted to sit down and rest here.
Dong Yonggang was about to sit down when he saw a girl with simple clothes and beautiful appearance coming towards the old pagoda tree and standing beside him.
Yong Dong was a little embarrassed. After a silence for a while, the girl said first, where is this big brother going?
? Go to the husband's house to work as a coolie. ?
? See eldest brother honest, why go to the fu family to do hard work?
? I am a poor man. My father died and I can't bury him. It was the Committee member who lent me money and buried my father. It will take three years of hard work to pay off debts today! ? Yong Dong said with a sigh.
? Big brother really comes from bad karma, and he is more bitter than my sister! ? The girl said, and shed tears. ? Why is big sister sad? Dong Yong asked.
? After my mother died, my father married his second wife. My stepmother wanted to sell me to a businessman as a concubine, and I ran away. I was very sad. ?
? I'm both bad karma! ? Yong Dong sighed.
? My youngest daughter is homeless. I wonder if my eldest brother will take her in. It's a hundred years' reunion.
? Elder sister is poor. ? Yong Dong said quickly, how? You and I don't know each other. It's neither my parents' orders nor the words of the matchmaker. How can we get married in private? ?
? Why is big brother stubborn? If you don't think there is a matchmaker, please use this old locust tree as a matchmaker and ask the land Lord to marry you, ok?
? How can an old locust tree be a matchmaker? How can a landlord marry Yong Dong?
? You can ask the old locust tree three times: Would you like to be a matchmaker for Qi Mei and Yong Dong? If the old locust tree promises three times, it will. Ask the old locust tree, and then ask the land god. ?
So Yong Dong came forward and asked the old locust tree: Old locust tree, old locust tree, would you like to be our matchmaker? Fairy of virtuous people, chinese odyssey. Okay, okay. ? Yong Dong asked three times in a row, and the old pagoda tree answered three times.
Yong Dong asked the land again: God, will you marry us?
The earth god said:? Fairy follows Kenlang, a pair of golden phoenix. Okay, okay. ?
Yong Dong asked three times in a row, and the land god answered three times.
That night, Dong Yonghe and seven fairies got married under the old pagoda tree.
Yong Dong and the Seven Fairys were married, and both of them went to work in Mr. Fu's house. Because the original sales contract says. No attachments? Now there is another woman out of thin air, and Mr. Fu deliberately makes things difficult and refuses to take her in. After repeated entreaties, Mr. Fu agreed, but put forward a harsh condition: limit the couple to weave ten brocade horses that night. If they can knit, the three-year long-term work will be changed to one hundred days. If they can't knit, it will take another three years. The seven fairies readily agreed, but Yong Dong was very anxious.
In the evening, Yong Dong sat in front of the lamp with a sad face, thinking: Don't say that ten brocade horses can be woven overnight, even one can't be finished! If you can't knit, you will have to work for three years for a long time. The more he thought about it, the more terrible it became. He secretly complained that his wife had agreed to Mr. Fu's terms. But the seven fairies were in no hurry. She let her husband sleep peacefully and said that she had her own way.
In the dead of night, the seven fairies lit a wick in the house, which was given to them by their sisters when they came down to earth? Smelly? . The fairy in the sky smelled the fragrance and knew that her little sister was in trouble on earth, so she immediately came to Mr. Fu's house. After listening to their little sister's story, they began to work together. These superb girls in the sky, fairies who are good at weaving, have woven ten colorful brocade before dawn.
The next morning, Yong Dong was surprised to see these ten beautiful brocade horses. He thought his wife was a fairy! They sent ten brocade horses to their master. Mr. Fu was amazed and had to shorten the construction period from three years to one hundred days. After the expiration, the couple returned home happily. Only then did the seven fairies tell Yong Dong that they were fairies from heaven and that they would have a child. Yong Dong listened to more happy. Since then, the husband and wife have been farming and weaving, loving each other and living a happy life.
Later, the Jade Emperor in the sky finally found out that his little daughter had married Yong Dong privately, and he couldn't help flying into a rage. He sent an emissary down to earth and issued a decree that the seven fairies must return to heaven at three noon. If there is any disobedience, the heavenly soldiers will be sent to arrest and condemn the fragments of Yong Dong. The bell in heaven has rung, and it has been three minutes past noon. In order not to kill her husband, the seven fairies had to say goodbye to Yong Dong under their engaged locust tree.
Yong Dong cried and cried, heartbroken. He asked the old pagoda tree: Old pagoda tree, old pagoda tree, you said that we are fairies of virtuous people, chinese odyssey. Why does someone insist on separating us today? Old locust tree, why don't you talk! ?
But that old pagoda tree, if you call it a thousand times and 10 thousand times, will not agree, and it will become a dumb wood!
Yong Dong knelt in front of the earth temple and cried again? God, God, you said that we are a couple of golden phoenix and are willing to marry for us. Why is someone trying to force her to return to heaven now? Grandpa Land, you have to make a decision for us! ?
But the smiling old man with white beard dared not say a word and became mute!
When they left, the seven fairies agreed with Yong Dong with tears in their eyes. Peach blossoms will bloom in the coming year, and flowers will cross in the shade of Sophora japonica. ? And then taken away by evil spirits.
Yong Dong chased a few steps forward and threw himself on the ground.
A loving couple was brutally separated.
The Butterfly Lovers
In ancient times, there was a girl named Zhu Yingtai. She is smart and beautiful. She not only can embroider and cut the phoenix, but also likes writing and reading. When she was fifteen or sixteen, she was bent on studying in the library of a foreign school.
However, girls were not allowed to go out to study at that time. What shall we do? Yingtai and the maid discussed a good idea: pretending to be boys to study. So Zhu Yingtai dressed up as a childe, and the maid dressed up as an extremely. They looked at each other, quite similar, and couldn't help laughing happily.
Zhu Yingtai's father was drinking tea in the hall when he suddenly saw an extremely young man come in to salute him. He quickly got up to reciprocate and asked him to sit down. May I have your name , please? Zhu Yingtai was very happy when he saw that even his father had cheated him. She then unveiled the veil and revealed the truth, which surprised her father and scolded her daughter for being naughty. Zhu Yingtai took this opportunity to tell his father the idea of going out to study. Father said:? Since ancient times, which women have gone out to study? Even pretending to be a man, there are many inconveniences in living outside. ? But Zhu Yingtai was determined to go, and her father couldn't beat her, so he agreed.
Zhu Yingtai pretended to be a man and looked handsome. The maid pretended to be a bookworm and left home to study. They walked a long way and felt hot, so they went to the roadside gazebo to have a rest. At this time, a scholar and a bookworm came to the pavilion to have a rest. They greet each other. Zhu Yingtai knows that this scholar is called Liang Shanbo, and he has also been to this college to study. Zhu Yingtai and Liang Shanbo chatted very speculatively, and they became brothers in the pavilion. Liang Shanbo is two years older than Zhu Yingtai, so Zhu Yingtai called Liang Shanbo his brother, and Liang Shanbo called Zhu Yingtai his brother. Then they went on their way happily.
Zhu Yingtai and Liang Shanbo came to the school auditorium and met the teacher. The teacher was very happy to see these two smart and handsome teenagers coming to study.
The teacher arranged for them to study at the same table. Liang Shanbo cares about Zhu Yingtai as much as his brother. The two men stayed together from morning till night and became best friends.
Zhu Yingtai and Liang Shanbo share a room. In order not to let Liang Shanbo find out that she is a woman, Zhu Yingtai separated two bookcases between their beds and put a basin of water on them. She told Liang Shanbo to be honest when sleeping. If he rolls around and spills the water in the basin, she will tell the teacher to punish him severely. Therefore, Liang Shanbo always shows himself and never moves. He never found out that Zhu Yingtai was a girl.
However, Zhu Yingtai's disguised as a man has long been seen by the careful teacher niang. Teacher Niang called Zhu Yingtai to her side and told her the truth. Zhu Yingtai asked her to keep a secret, but she agreed and took more care of the clever girl. Zhu Yingtai, if you have any difficulties or worries, please come and tell Teacher Niang.
Time flies for three years. One day, Zhu Yingtai received a letter from home saying that her father was ill and asked her to come back quickly. Zhu Yingtai asked the teacher for leave and came to see his teacher's mother. It is said that she and Liang Shanbo have been classmates for three years. Liang Shanbo was sincere, enthusiastic and diligent, and she fell in love with him deeply. She gave her teacher niang a jade fan, Zhui Er, as a matchmaker. After leaving, she proposed to Liang Shanbo.
When Zhu Yingtai returns home, Liang Shanbo must personally see her off. The two stayed together all the way and never wanted to break up. Zhu Yingtai wanted to show his love to Liang Shanbo, but it was inconvenient to say so, so he had to use many metaphors to motivate Liang Shanbo.
When they saw a pair of geese in the river, Zhu Yingtai sang:
? Come to a river ahead,
There is a pair of geese swimming in the river.
The goose swam to the front,
The goose called her brother behind her. ?
Honest Liang Shanbo didn't understand her meaning and walked on. Zhu Yingtai sang some songs about love between men and women, but Liang Shanbo still didn't understand. Zhu Yingtai joked:? You are really a goose! ?
Zhu Yingtai pointed to a pair of mandarin ducks in the pond and sang:
? Green lotus leaves and clear ponds are paired mandarin ducks. If Yingtai is a girl with red makeup, would you like it, Brother Liang? With mandarin ducks?
Liang Shanbo sighed and said, it's a pity that you are not a female red makeup! ?
When Zhu Yingtai saw Liang Shanbo, he still didn't understand, so he said? There is a nine-sister in my family. She and I are twins and look exactly like me. I am willing to be a matchmaker and let her marry you. Would you? Liang Shanbo likes Zhu Yingtai's talent and looks very much. When he heard that her nine sisters were exactly like her, he agreed happily.
They sent each other eighteen miles and came to the river before they reluctantly parted. When he left, Zhu Yingtai and Liang Shanbo agreed to go to Zhujiajian Island for a blind date on July 7th. Liang Shanbo looked at the figure of Zhu Yingtai from a distance across the river and gradually disappeared.
When Zhu Yingtai came home, his father had recovered from his illness. He asked Zhu Yingtai to change into a girl's costume and not to let her go out to study. At this time, a rich man named Ma came to ask for relatives, and his father gave his betrothal to Ma's son. Zhu Yingtai resolutely rejected this marriage. She told her father that she was in love with Liang Shanbo, and asked Teacher Niang to be the matchmaker. But my father objected: The children's marriage is always decided by their parents, and the girl herself is looking for a man outside, insisting that Zhu Yingtai marry the Ma family.
After seeing Zhu Yingtai off that day, Liang Shanbo returned to the school auditorium. He continued to study hard, but he completely forgot about proposing to his family on July 7. It was not until Teacher Niang took a jade fan Zhui Er to explain that Zhu Yingtai proposed to her that Liang Shanbo suddenly realized that Zhu Yingtai was a woman, and the nine sisters she said were Zhu Yingtai herself! Liang Shanbo immediately asked the teacher for leave and rushed to Zhujiajian to see Zhu Yingtai.
Liang Shanbo came to Yingtai's home and saw Zhu Yingtai completely dressed as a woman, which made her more beautiful and lovely. He told the story of Teacher Niang proposing marriage to them, but Zhu Yingtai began to cry when he heard this. She said? Brother Liang, why are you so late? My father forced me to marry the Ma family! ? Hearing this, Liang Shanbo was shocked and sad and his heart was broken. The two of them cried bitterly, and they swore to each other that no matter who could break their deep love, they would be together forever. Their crying was heard by Zhu Yingtai's father. I angrily sent Mr. Wang Ran upstairs, drove Liang Shanbo out of the house, and put Zhu Yingtai under close surveillance.
Liang Shanbo came home very sad. He misses Zhu Yingtai. He can't eat or sleep. He fell ill, getting worse and worse, and died soon. Before he died, he told his family to bury him on the road from Zhujiajia to Majia.
Today is Ma's wedding day. The sedan chair was carried to the door of Zhujiajian, which was very lively. But Zhu Yingtai cried and refused to get on the sedan chair. At her father's command, many people pushed Lala, pushed Zhu Yingtai into the sedan chair and took her away.
Halfway up the sedan chair, there was a sudden gust of wind, and the sedan chair people couldn't walk. Then the maid told Zhu Yingtai that Liang Shanbo's grave was just ahead. Zhu Yingtai walked out of the sedan chair regardless of others' blocking, and must pay homage to Liang Shanbo's grave.
Zhu Yingtai came to Liang Shanbo's grave, tearful, and threw himself into the grave. At the moment, thunder and lightning, stormy weather, the grave suddenly opened a big crack, Zhu Yingtai shouted the name of Liang Shanbo and immediately jumped into the grave.
After a while, the rain stopped, the clouds opened and a rainbow appeared in the sky. I saw a pair of beautiful butterflies flying out of the grave and dancing around it. People say that Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai changed these butterflies. Until now, people still call this giant butterfly with black patterns, green spots and two long ribbons on its tail Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai.
Liu Yichuan
Long, long ago, there lived a mother and son in Liuwei Village near the Yellow River in Weihui Prefecture. My son, Liu Yi, is a peddler, doing some small business to support his mother. Mother and son live together, and their life is ok.
One day, Liu Yi traveled to the countryside with a peddler on his back. When she was walking, she heard a woman crying by the roadside. Liu Yi put down the vendor's shoulder and looked at it carefully. It turned out that a young woman was crying, so she asked respectfully. What's wrong with this lady? The crying little girl looked up at the guest, a poor young man in rags and doing small business, and said, You go your way, and my business is none of your business. ?
Liu Yi saw that a woman did have grievances, but she just looked down on herself and refused to say it. Then, Liu Yi said patiently. If you have any grievances, please tell me. I am a peddler in a small business. I went to all the neighbors and eight towns. If you have something, I can leave a message for you. As long as you can redress the grievances, I, a peddler in Liu Yi, will go through fire and water. ?
Liu Yi's generosity really helped the little girl. She stopped crying and complained to Liu Yi about her grievances.
It turns out that this little girl is the daughter of the Dragon King of the East China Sea and married to the Dragon King of the Yellow River. This gentleman is ugly, cruel, greedy, and often floods and harms the people. Princess Wang Long didn't like her husband's behavior, so she politely dissuaded him. Instead of listening to his wife's good words, Long Jun cruelly abused his wife, often picking fights, raising his fists and punching, kicking his feet, and threatening to kill the princess, the dragon king and seize the throne of the dragon king.
The little girl told Liu Yi about being bullied, beaten and scolded by her husband in her husband's family, and tore off a piece of white silk from her body. Then, biting her fingertips, she wrote a bloody book to her father, Lao Longwang, and gave it to Liu Yi, saying, Since you are willing to solve problems for your humble daughter, go to the East China Sea, meet the Dragon King of the East China Sea and give him this bloody book. After reading it, he will try to save your humble daughter. Do it! ?
Liu Yi took the little girl's bloody book and said, Miss, let me take a message. Please show me the way so that I can find it. ?
The little girl nodded, took the Hosta from her head and handed it to Liu Yi. Take this Hosta and walk east along the coast. When you see a thousand-year-old tree on the coast, you can tap it three times. Someone is bound to meet you at sea. You will explain your purpose to him, and he will take you into the Dragon Palace. ? The little girl said, leaned down, leaned down and disappeared.
On this day, Liu Yi finished her meal early and explained the reason to her mother. She went out and walked all the way to the East China Sea. He walked and walked, and I can't remember how many days and nights he walked. He went through hardships and came to the east coast. The endless East China Sea, the sea? Hula? Hula? ! The waves are rough, and each wave is higher than the other. Liu Yi doesn't like to enjoy the wonders of the sea, but concentrates on finding the thousand-year-old tree. He looked and looked, watching intently. Yes, there is a tall old tree in front of him. Liu Yi came to the big tree, walked around it, and recognized that it was the thousand-year-old tree that the little woman was referring to. Liu Yi took the Hosta out of his pocket and put it on the tree? Hey? Knocked lightly three times, and sure enough, a sea with a steel fork emerged from the sea in a short time. Liu always explained the reason to Admiral, who took Liu Yi from a Crystal Avenue to Dragon Palace. After a walk, I came to a magnificent Dragon Palace Hall. Liu Yi looked up and saw a banner on the palace door. Donghai Dragon Palace? Five sparkling words. When Liu Yi entered the palace, soldiers and crabs came and went, and his son and grandchildren were busy. It's really a fairyland. It's great.
Liu will lead the way from the sea to the Dragon Palace for a while, and go straight to the dragon throne of the dragon king, who sits on the dragon throne with great majesty. Commander Hai told the Dragon King the reason. Liu Yi said his name, bowed, took out a bloody book from his pocket and knelt down to present it. The old dragon king took the bloody book and looked at it. He frowned first, and then asked Liu Yi calmly. Liu told the princess the truth as it was. The old dragon king was surprised and angry. It turns out that my daughter has been oppressed for a long time, and I don't know yet. Please send me a damn book today. The old man is really grateful, otherwise my daughter's life would be in danger! ? Say busy put down the dragon, help Liu Yi.
Just then, Xiaolong Jin, the third son of the old dragon king, was furious when he learned that his sister had been abused and bullied by her brother-in-law. He immediately lit up the Donghai soldiers and went to the Yellow River Dragon Palace. The third son of the Dragon King has a bad temper. When he saw his brother-in-law, he killed the Yellow River Dragon King in a rage, rescued his sister and returned to the Dragon Palace. The dragon king's father and daughter met and wept bitterly. Liu Yi saw the princess meet her father. When the princess was saved, she said goodbye to the Dragon King and went home. The old dragon king was very grateful for the book handed by Liu Yi and asked Liu Yi:
? Where does Xianggong live?
? Ordinary people live in Liuwei Village, Dongxiang, Weihui District, Henan Province. ?
? Who is at home?
? Seventy-year-old mother. ?
? What's your occupation?
? Ordinary people do small businesses and assume the responsibility of vendors. ?
When the old dragon king saw that Liu Yi was outstanding in appearance and extremely clever, and dared to sacrifice himself for others, he was greatly surprised and said, I think "xianggong" is really extraordinary. If I don't mind, I want my daughter to marry you, make you the dragon king of the Yellow River, and bring your mother here. * * * How about enjoying the prosperity?
? Thank the Dragon King for his kindness. ? Liu Yi shirked and said, What? The common people have always been poor, working for a living, unable to sit in the position of rich officials and enjoy prosperity. Let me go home to do some small business and take care of my 70-year-old mother. ?
? Hmm? The dragon king thought for a moment and said, since you won't be my son-in-law, I will give you some jewels to take home and sell to your mother and son. ? Say that finish, the old dragon king took Liu Yi to the treasure house of gold and silver.
When he came to the treasure house of gold and silver, the old dragon king asked Liu Yi to choose at will. Liu Yi looked at this and that. None of them match. The dragon king thought, "My family has so many precious gold and silver treasures. Why is Liu Yi indifferent? The old dragon king admired Liu Yi very much, so he sent Liu to the sea and came to his hometown Weihui House. " .
Besides, the Dragon King of the East China Sea has taken a fancy to Liu Yi and decided to betroth his daughter to him. When Liu Yi went out of the East China Sea, the Dragon King asked his daughter to dress up, bring gold and silver jewelry, send troops and cars from the East China Sea, walk in clouds, get to Liu Wei and come to Liu Yi's home. When I met Liu Mu, I explained the karma and unloaded the gold, silver and jewels. My mother-in-law was overjoyed and was about to prepare dining tables for the guests from the East China Sea. The soldiers in the East China Sea have left.
Just then, Liu Yi also hurried home. Before entering the door, the princess greeted her and said, How's Lang Jun? Then I threw myself into Liu Yi's arms. Only then did Liu understand his father-in-law, the Dragon King, and married the princess. Since then, the three people have lived a happy life. When the Dragon King of the East China Sea knew about it, he held a big banquet to celebrate.