Hetian jade is one of the popular collections. From 1990 to 2006, the purchase price of Hetian jade increased by11times. 20 12 February, a piece of hetian jade weighing 25.5 kg in Wuhan rose from 1986 to 500 million yuan from more than 200,000 yuan 27 years ago.
Apart from the hype, the real reason for the price increase of Hetian jade does exist. With the crazy exploitation of Hetian jade, the seed material of sheep fat jade is basically impossible to meet. Because it is too scarce, jade is an important part of China people's cultural genes. More and more people love jade and can afford it, which leads to the higher and higher price of Hetian jade.
The soaring price of Hetian jade has seriously damaged the ecological environment of Yulong Kashi River, and the local government has explicitly banned disorderly illegal mining and indiscriminate digging, making the jade raw materials flowing into the market even scarcer. In addition, the influx of hot money into the art and collectible investment market has also pushed up the price of Hetian jade. For example, Ma Gu carved by Mu Yujing with white jade seed jade from autumn pear skin won the 20 12 Best Craft Award. Make the price of this handicraft incalculable. It can be seen that the price of Hetian jade seed material is immeasurable and has high artistic value.
According to different colors, Tianyu jade can be divided into four categories: white jade, sapphire, black jade and topaz. There is a saying of ruby in the record, but it has not been seen so far.
The color of white jade ranges from white to bluish white, with various names and vivid metaphors, such as seasonal white, paraffin white, fish-belly white, pear white, moonlight white and so on. White jade is a high-grade jade in Hetian jade, and its block size is generally small. But white jade is the best of white jade, with the best quality. Some white jade seed materials will have a certain color on the surface after oxidation. The color of autumn pear is called "autumn pear", the color of tiger skin is called "tiger skin" and the color of jujube is called "jujube skin". They are all rare varieties of Hetian jade.
The picture shows the work of Yang Zhongwei, a national master.
White jade can also be divided into suet jade and sapphire by color.
Sheep fat jade sheep fat jade is named for its color like sheep fat. Fine texture, "white if frozen", gives people a soft feeling at first glance.
Works of National Jade Carving Masters
Feeling. This is the best variety of white jade. At present, only Xinjiang has this variety in the world, and its output is very rare and its value is extremely high.
Blue white jade blue white jade is white as the background color, and green, blue and gray are faintly flashing in the white jade, such as scallion, pink and gray. It belongs to the transitional variety of white jade and sapphire, and is more common in Hetian jade.
Topaz topaz ranges from light yellow to dark yellow, and has many colors such as chestnut, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, tiger skin yellow and so on. Topaz is very rare, only occasionally seen in the history of jade exploration for thousands of years. The price of high-quality jade is equivalent to that of suet jade.
The distribution of "sugar color" (like the color of brown sugar) often appears in Hetian jade. Sugar jade belongs to a subordinate position, so jade species are not divided separately. Because sugar is a pretty color in jade carving, it is very valuable, so it is favored.
Emerald jade has light cyan to dark cyan, and there are many kinds of colors with different shades, such as light cyan, dark cyan, blue-green, gray cyan, dark gray cyan and turquoise. Among Hetian jade, sapphire is the most, and the value of delicate sapphire has been rising in recent two years.
Moyu Moyu is from ink color to light black, and the ink color is mostly cloud-like streaks and so on. There are dark clouds, light ink, golden mink whiskers and beautiful beards. In the whole material, the degree of ink is different, and the distribution of light and shade is uneven, which is more common in the transition with sapphire and white jade. Generally, there are full ink, ink gathering and ink spots. Black gathering means that the ink in sapphire or white jade is relatively concentrated and can be used as a pretty color. Dot ink is scattered into dots, which affects the use. Most of the jet is small, and its blackness is caused by containing more fine graphite scales.
Hetian jade collection term Hetian jade is called national jade and domestic famous jade by Chinese people. Also known as the first of the four famous jade in ancient times. Also known as court jade, there is also a saying that you would rather die than surrender. The favorite jade of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty was Hetian jade. "Da Yu Zhi Shui Shan Zi" reproduces the scene of Da Yu's flood control period.
Open the door: describe the ancient jade as true. No matter the color, sculpture, patina, etc. It is first-rate. Viewers are often amazed and pretend to be shocked: open the door! Open the door! Typical third generation! If you present the emperor Qianlong 230 years ago, you will be rewarded with a yellow jacket!
Foreign oil and chicken oil: Hetian jade and topaz poker have been the best of jade since ancient times. It is recorded in Wang Yi's jade theory that yellow is like steamed millet and white is like cutting fat. Topaz can be roughly divided into chestnut color, chicken oil yellow and okra yellow, all of which are rare treasures. The word fat cutting is sheep tail oil, which means sheep fat jade. Many people have given up their wishful thinking about topaz, so they are shoddy on suet white jade. In recent years, there has even been an absurd statement of green sheep fat in Hong Kong and Taiwan, or asking for exorbitant prices or boasting, all of which are acts of stealing the bell.
Rough Ming: Many collectors think that the jade articles in Ming Dynasty are rough, so they get their name. The fact is not the case, just as the eight knives in the Han Dynasty do not mean that only eight knives were used in jade in the Han Dynasty, but the rough and bright refers to the rough style of jade in the Ming Dynasty. In contrast, the jade articles in Qing Dynasty are really exquisite, but there is no jade carving master who is as famous at home and abroad as Lu Zigang in Ming Dynasty. Without the cornerstone of jade carving technology in Ming Dynasty, how could jade carving in Qing Dynasty appear out of thin air?
Chicken bone white: Ancient jade is unearthed in alkaline soil, mostly lime oozing out, showing alum white. Lime was divided into fish-belly white, chicken bone white, ivory white, snowflake white and so on because of its different weight. The ancients didn't know the difference between acid and alkali in the soil and thought it was caused by fire, so they burned jade with fire when the chicken bone was white, and it was very successful in the Republic of China. Nowadays, the production of chicken bone white is much more advanced, welding and microwave can be used, and counterfeiters often make rich profits. As for whether plasma or even atomic energy will be used in the future? This seems to be conceivable.
Characteristics of hetian jade
Tremolite, very fine, like a felt.
There are two kinds of amphibole jade in the world: tremolite and actinolite. Hetian jade belongs to tremolite, and its mineral composition is tremolite. Main features: First, the tremolite content is extremely high, generally above 95%, of which white jade is 99%, aquamarine is 98%, and sapphire is 97%(95%-99%). There is a high content of tremolite in similar tremolite jade and hetian jade at home and abroad. Second, there are very few impurity minerals. Generally, it is 1%-3%, mostly around 1%. Third, the mineral particle size is extremely fine, which is microcrystalline and aphanitic. Tremolite minerals are fibrous, needle-like and leaf-like under polarized light microscope, and long columnar and short columnar fibers under transmission electron microscope. According to the determination of some samples, the particle size under electron microscope is: short column 0.0046 mm× 0.00 13 mm, 0.0063 ram * 0.0036 ram, and the length-width ratio is 2: 1 or 3:1; The long columns are 0.0 1m× 0.0028 RAM, 0.004ram×0.0008mm, 0.012 ram, and the aspect ratio is 3: 1 or 5: L,10. The fiber is 0.0004 mm× 0.000021mm * 0.0021itlnl× 0.00007 ram, and the aspect ratio is 20: 1 or 30: 1. The fineness of particle size is also rare in similar tremolite jade at home and abroad. 4. Felt-like structure is typical, with uniform particle size and interwoven into carpet shape, which is an important reason for fine and dense texture. This structure is rare in other kinds of jade.
The texture is delicate and moist.
Texture is a comprehensive expression of jade, including shape, moisture, cracks, impurities and so on. Hetian jade has excellent texture because of its mineral composition and structural characteristics. First, due to the extremely fine particle size, the texture is very delicate, which is what the ancients called "delicate chestnut", which is beyond the reach of other jade. Second, it is moist, that is, it has the luster of oil (fat), giving people a moist and soft feeling. It is what the ancients called "moisturizing and nourishing". Sheep fat jade is famous all over the world for its moisturizing like sheep fat jade. Third, the transparency is moderate, that is, "good water head", slightly transparent, and the jade pieces cut out look watery and lively. Fourth, there are few impurities, some are flawless and consistent inside and outside. It is what the ancients said, "Defects don't cover up yoga, yoga doesn't cover up defects", or "You can know the truth from the appearance."
The hardness is relatively high.
Hardness is one of the important standards of jade quality. If the hardness is high, the grindability and brightness of jade will be good and it can be preserved for a long time. Therefore, hardness is an important index to divide low-grade and high-grade jade in the past. Generally speaking, high-grade jade has higher hardness, while low-grade jade has lower hardness. The hardness of Hetian jade is 6.5-6.9, which is similar to jadeite, but higher than serpentine jade (hardness is 2-6, generally about 4) and pyrophyllite (hardness is generally low, generally 2.5-4). Dushan jade and Hetian jade have similar hardness, but poor texture.
Maximum toughness
Toughness is very important to jade. If it is tough, it is not easy to break, and it is wear-resistant, which is of great benefit to the artistic modeling and meticulous carving of jade. Toughness is impact hardness, and some hardness is very high. For example, the Mohs hardness of black diamond is 10, and the Mohs hardness of crystal is 7, but the impact hardness is low, and it will be broken after a dozen hits. Although the Mohs hardness of Hetian jade is not as high as that of diamond and crystal, its impact hardness is very high. According to the measurement, the compressive strength of Hetian jade is as high as 6 542 kg/cm2, that is to say, if Hetian jade is crushed, a pressure of about 6.5 tons per cm2 must be applied; Crushing steel requires only 4-5 tons of pressure.
Toughness is grinding hardness. Hetian jade belongs to tremolite jade, and its toughness is its characteristic. According to the toughness data of gemstones in the world, black diamond is 10, tremolite jade is 9, jadeite, ruby and sapphire are 8, and diamond, crystal and aquamarine are 7. 7.5, olivine 6, emerald 5.5, topaz and moonstone 5, opal 3 and fluorite 2. For example, the toughness of tremolite jade is 1 000, and the relative toughness of other jade or minerals is: jadeite 500, serpentine (such as xiuyan jade) 250, quartzite 1 0. 20, timely 5, corundum 2 ~ 3, mica 2. It can be seen that the toughness of tremolite jade is the biggest among jade, which is the most important feature of Hetian jade and incomparable to other jade.
pure colour
The color of suet jade is very important for process identification, including hue, purity and strength. Jade has various colors and people are interested in it.
The pursuit of jade color varies with the times, such as ancient China and the "Three Dynasties" period.
Hotan jade jadeware
Cyan and white were popular from the Spring and Autumn Period to later generations, and emerald was popular in the late Qing Dynasty. Hetian jade is basically the first four colors because of its low iron content, namely, white jade, sapphire, topaz and jet, and the varieties can be further divided, such as suet jade, white jade and sapphire in white jade. The amphibole jade in ultramafic rocks contains actinolite with high iron content and is basically green, that is, jasper.
Compared with other jades, the color of Hetian jade has the following main characteristics:
First, the color is pure. The ancients said: "Yellow is like steamed chestnuts, free to cut fat, and black is like pure paint, which is called jade symbol."
Second, there is suet jade, which is the unique beauty of Hetian jade. People call it "naked, body like coagulated fat, firm, clean and delicate, thick and moist, can nourish the heart, ward off evil spirits and avoid epidemics, and is beneficial to people and beautiful."
Third, there are jadeite original stones. Since ancient times, people have attached great importance to the original jade stone. Song, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty, said: "The jade in the garden is flawless, and the ancient emperors used it as a seal. The so-called priceless treasure is hard to come by. Those who are five or six inches flawless are treated with a cup of heron and have become treasures. "
The skin of Hetian jade can be divided into three types according to its characteristics: color skin, sugar skin and stone skin.
Color skin is a thin yellowish brown or brown skin (about 1 mm thick), which is caused by oxidation. You can see the quality of jade from the color of the skin, such as autumn pear, tiger skin, deer skin and so on. , is often a fine white jade.
Sugar jade has a thick skin, such as brown sugar color, and this kind of jade is often found in Qiemo jade mine, including white jade or sapphire. Stone skin is surrounded by stony surrounding rocks, and jade can only be obtained after removing the surrounding rocks. For example, Heshibi is "a treasure that can be obtained by managing its skin."
Beautiful voice
The sound made by jade after being hit is an important attribute of ancient jade identification. Jade chimes made of Hetian jade make a crisp and long sound when struck, such as the sound of golden bells, which never rises again, and the lingering sound is deep and long, and slowly ends. This is what Yu Dezhong said: "If you knock this sound, it will be clear and long, and you will die." This feature is beyond the reach of other non-amphibole jade.
Edit the maintenance and care of Hetian jade 1: You can play with the handle or pendant in your spare time, but remember to keep your hands clean. Also, don't put jade on your face and nose (often seen). That oil is not the so-called nourishing liquid of jade. On the contrary, it will seal the Yumen (capillary hole) and make the jade luster dull. Also, I don't need a bristle brush, because the patina brushed out will feel like a thief.
2. Pay attention to avoid direct contact with soap. As we all know, sweat contains salt, volatile fatty acids and urea. Jade parts sweat too much, and they are not cleaned immediately after wearing. Over time, jade pieces will be eroded and the outer layer will be damaged, which will affect the original luster. Especially white jade, avoid sweat and grease. White jade comes into contact with sweat too much, and it is easy to turn pale yellow, and it is no longer pure white as fat. Usually, you can use jewelry care bacteriostatic solution for maintenance and care, which is convenient and safe and harmless to human body. .
Please note that the following substances are the most taboo for jade-perfume, chemicals, soap and human sweat. After a period of playing, the texture of jade itself will gradually emerge. A good jade is more moist and full of aura, which will be more pleasing to the eye!