In the United States in the middle of the 20th century, 20% Jewish men were professionals and 35% Jewish men were business owners. 1970, only 0.33% of American Jews were engaged in manual labor. The proportion of Jews attending American graduate schools is higher, three times higher than that of non-Jews. In American universities, 20% of professors are Jews and 26% of law professors are Jews.
As kandel, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2000, said in his memoirs, after Hitler's anti-Semitic policy, "about 50% of medical teachers in universities were fired because they were Jews. The pharmaceutical industry in Vienna has never recovered its former prosperity since that' big cleaning'. "
The same is true of the academic and artistic circles in Vienna. Popper, Wittgenstein, Freud, Zweig, Schoenberg, Mahler and many other Jewish elites were forced into exile. Therefore, some people say: "Without Jews, Vienna would not be today's Vienna; If there were no Jews in Vienna, the city would lose its most glorious period in recent centuries.
When Jews first wandered to the United States, many traditional industries did not have their place, so they had to find new fields with high technical content and strong professionalism to take risks. At the beginning of the 20th century, most insurance companies were not even willing to underwrite Jewish businessmen.
In this way, Jews have to show their talents in the following main areas, and it is difficult for entrepreneurs in these main areas to develop without high-level knowledge:
(1) finance and stock industry (2) jewelry and retail industry (3) film and television industry (4) news publishing industry (5) clothing and beauty industry (6) computer industry (7) real estate industry (8) toy manufacturing industry.
In the above-mentioned fields, finance, jewelry and retail should be traditional industries of Jews, and other fields are emerging industries, which represent the direction of rapid development of capitalism and can also reflect the creative work of Jews' wisdom, knowledge, skills and money. Jews are like a duck to water in the free market and have made great achievements.
To enter the Forbes list of 1999, you need at least $625 million in net assets. Jews account for 23% of all the 400 richest people, 36% of the top 50 richest people, and 24% of all the billionaires, accounting for 1 1. 12 times of the total population of the United States. In addition, 19 Jewish rich people fell out of the 199 list, and 4 Jewish rich people fell out of the 1998 list, with net assets exceeding $530 million; Among the Jewish rich who fell out of the 1997 list, there are still three people with a net worth of 425 million US dollars.
In the United States, the total number of Jews is 5.9 million, accounting for only 2% of the total population of the United States, and all the millionaires in the United States13 are Jews. In American universities, 20% of professors are Jews. Among the major law firms in Washington, 40% of the partners are Jews. Among American families earning more than $50,000, the proportion of Jews is twice that of non-Jews. American families earn less than $20,000, and Jews account for half of non-Jews. Among the Americans who won the Nobel Prize in Science, 3 1% are Jews; Of all the Americans who won the Nobel Prize, 25% are Jews. It shows the success of Jews in America. The power of American Jews.
The economic strength of Jews has been higher than that of white Protestants and Catholics, even in families of the same age, structure and region.
Of course, not every Jew has money, but every Jew is eager for success, and they have mastered the experience and wisdom of making money.
"Assimilation of Jews" succeeded, and its international influence declined? (20 13- 1 1-29 22: 16: 15)
Judaism emphasizes that "individuals are responsible for their own actions and conduct in-depth self-education".
Jews hope to control their own destiny and accept other successful Jews as their role models. Experience tells Jews that relying on others can be dangerous, because the political winds can change at any time. If you can stand on your own feet, you can control your own destiny. Coupled with the rejection of anti-Semitism, Jews strive to prove their self-esteem to all fields in the world.
As Talmud said, "When pressure appears and forces us to change our laws and regulations, we must fight desperately, even in the face of strong enemies, we will fight endlessly."
There is a Jewish proverb: "When everything is too right, there must be something wrong."
In other words, life should not be smooth sailing. Once everything goes well, there may be anomalies, and people always have reason to be vigilant. This is not only a kind of "crisis consciousness" in times of peace, but also a kind of psychology that is absolutely not satisfied with the status quo. Therefore, many Jews took active actions and became "trade union activists" and radical thinkers and revolutionaries. The emergence of a large number of Jewish activists, such as Marx, Russell, Bernstein, Luxembourg and Trotsky, reflects their great motivation to resist oppression, exploitation and power and try to change the status quo.
Einstein said that the universe, religion and experience are the most powerful and noble driving forces behind scientific research. Especially after Spinoza's "pantheism" appeared, a large number of Jewish scientists represented by Einstein devoted themselves to revealing the mysteries of nature, so they made countless inventions in the field of natural science. Among the Nobel Prizes won by Americans, Jews account for 3 1% of the winners. It serves to show that these Jewish scientists are all intelligent superhuman beings, all have the scientific spirit of "asking questions" and are pioneers in revealing natural secrets.
Soros is the most successful international financier in history. 1999 estimated his wealth at $4 billion. He was accused by the world as a speculator. He speculates in pounds at 1992 and Asian currencies at 1997. His quantum fund made him rich far beyond his imagination when he was hiding from Nazi attacks in the attic. He wrote in a book:
"I am proud to be a Jew, although I have to admit that it took me almost a lifetime to realize this. I have always been troubled by inferiority complex, which is the bane of advocating "assimilation of Judaism" and a heavy psychological burden. Only by acknowledging your success can you unload this burden. I agree with my Jewish ancestry that I am a minority, and I believe in the phrase' Jewish genius'. You only need to look at the achievements of Jews in science, economic life or art, which is the result of Jews surpassing the status of ethnic minorities and striving for outstanding achievements. Jews learn to consider every issue from many different perspectives, even the most contradictory ones. As a minority, Jews are forced to think critically. If there is any' Jewish genius' in me, it is entirely because I have the ability to think critically. In this respect, Jewish descent is a basic factor in my character. As I said just now, I am very proud of it. I also know that there are some elements of Jewish utopianism in my mind. My foundation and I are part of this tradition, which is why I am so excited about the concept of the European Union. In the EU, every country is a minority, which is why this concept is so attractive. "
In this short passage, Soros's pride as a Jew is revealed, and his inferiority as a Jew is also revealed. It not only reveals his motivation to pursue success with other Jews, but also expresses his sense of historical mission as a Jew to preserve Jewish traditional culture. This is a successful Jew's high hope for a new generation of Jews, and it also shows his greatest confusion and worry about the assimilation problem faced by the Jewish nation.
Spielberg, the great director, said, "When I was growing up in Phoenix, I didn't have any Jewish friends. I feel like I'm the only Jewish kid in school. I remember that at Christmas, I would feel a sense of humiliation, because in this street where we live, only our house has no decoration, and only one door light is on. "
Obviously, as a Jew, there is a feeling of being different, marginalized, lonely and "outsider" in western culture. While trying to maintain their own cultural characteristics, Jews always strive for the recognition of others, which is their motivation to pursue success. Even in the United States, where anti-Semitism is the least serious, Jews still feel psychologically isolated from the mainstream society. In the process of proving their abilities to others, they tried to find new methods and new creations, so they succeeded.
As the daughter of composer Rogers said, "I know I never wanted to be Jewish, but I don't like being hated because I am Jewish."
An American journalist said: "The failure of anti-Semitism represents the success of' assimilating Jews'. The achievements of the Jews have eliminated obstacles, but they have also "eliminated" the Jews themselves. Since the mid-1980s, more than half of Jews have married non-Jews. "
The Jewish population in the United States is generally facing the historical trend of outward assimilation and the loss of traditional culture and religion. Since 2005, nearly 60% of American Jews' spouses in marriage are not Jews, which makes the next generation quickly assimilate into ordinary Americans. Moreover, this trend has obviously weakened American Jews' recognition and support for Israel.
Interestingly, the division of American society is increasingly dominated by the level of education. Jews and Chinese Americans have very similar "educational utilitarianism", which leads to quite common Chinese-Jewish intermarriage families. Specifically, two years ago there was a sensational "tiger mother" who married a Jewish husband. Zuckerberg is the latest Jewish billionaire to create Facebook, and he also married a China classmate from Harvard University.
It may be a short-term accident to think of this the Iranian nuclear deal, which goes against Israel's interests and wishes, but in the long run, the international influence of Jewish forces will inevitably decline like the achievements of Jewish knowledge in the case of "assimilating Jews". Whether the international influence of Chinese and ethnic Chinese will increase with educational achievements is really worth looking forward to and paying attention to.