Author | Huang
Speaking of the night pearl, many people will think of the one in the mouth of Empress Dowager Cixi when she died. It is said that Sun Dianying, the thief, took it out of the grave and gave it to Song Meiling, while Song Meiling arrogantly put it in his shoes. In fact, Empress Dowager Cixi loved jewelry so much that she had more than one pearl before her death. The story that Sister Bao is going to tell today is related to the four night pearls.
1
1964, an ordinary family in Xi 'an was cleaning, and the children at home were going to clean a black and dirty broken pillow. Just as the pillow was being dismantled, a tightly wrapped red cloth bag fell out of it. The red cloth was stacked layer by layer to make it strong, until the last layer was opened, and the whole family was shocked. Four beads the size of longan sparkled.
It's really a surprise and an accident to find such a treasure in your own home. In fact, this family is not sure what this treasure is, but as simple as they are, it is directly handed over to the country.
It was not until the expert appraisal that it was confirmed that this was actually the night pearl inlaid on Cixi's phoenix crown! It is said that there are nine such night pearls on the phoenix crown of Cixi, one of which is contained in Cixi's mouth as mentioned above, the other four are hidden in this pillow, and the other four are missing.
At that time, the information was underdeveloped, and it was estimated that no one found it after stealing and selling it, but the family was too sincere to be greedy. It is said that after the event, the state will give a reward of 65,438+10,000 yuan (1964 is 65,438+10,000 yuan, at least equivalent to one million now). The family actually refused, and the reason is even more admirable. The family said: the night pearl was not from her own home, but was sent by a stranger.
2
This is strange, how can the pearls of Cixi Lafayette appear in the pillow of a farmer's house? The story goes back to the Qing Dynasty.
It turns out that when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded, Cixi took off four night pearls from the rockhopper in order to be nice to Eight-Nation Alliance, and prepared Li Hongzhang to "bribe" foreigners. When Cixi was in the palace, she gave the Pearl of the Night to a maid-in-waiting surnamed Wang and asked her to give it to Li Hongzhang.
Empress dowager cixi and the nine-night pearl rockhopper.
Unexpectedly, this Wang Xing maid-in-waiting did not send out four beads of Buddha, but fled Beijing with this priceless treasure and was never heard from again. The most surprising thing is that in such troubled times, the maid-in-waiting not only escaped from the palace, but also survived and saved the treasure.
Xi 'an's family recalled the origin of these four night pearls. Thirty years ago, they took in an old beggar who lived in the street. When they saw her poor and kind husband and wife, they took the old lady home and supported her until the old man died in his 80 s. This pillow was left to them before her death.
But who would have thought that this shabby pillow contained amazing secrets. Some people say that the maids were greedy at that time, while others said that they didn't want to give the national treasure to foreigners. Anyway, if she hadn't taken the treasure away, the four night pearls would have been exiled.
And this Xi 'an family, because of its kindness, will take in a strange old man and let the national treasure reappear under the opportunity, which is really admirable.
The story is over, but how much do you know about the protagonist of the story-the Night Pearl?
"Four Questions and Four Answers" to Understand the Night Pearl
Question: What is the night pearl?
The ancients only knew that the night pearl is a rare gem that can shine, also known as "following the pearl", "hanging the pearl", "hanging the ridge" and "bright moon pearl". Now we have studied that the luminous pearl refers to a sphere made of minerals with "phosphorescence effect", mostly fluorescent stones and luminous stones. However, as long as fluorite is used, it will certainly shine. In fact, there are very few fluorite that can really shine, so the night pearl is so precious.
It is said that the luminous pearl in Cixi's mouth weighs 422 points, which is equivalent to 133 grams today. 1908 night pearl appraisal 1080000 two silver, as high as 81000000 RMB today.
The largest existing luminous pearl in the world weighs 6 tons and has a diameter of 1.6 meters. It comes from Inner Mongolia, China, and is mainly made of fluorite. The valuation of the year was 2.2 billion yuan.
The world's largest luminous pearl
The second question: Why does the night pearl shine?
There are a lot of precious jade, but not many will not shine. Fluorite is one of them. Fluorite is usually a block, granular aggregate, cube and octahedral single crystal, with purple, blue and green colors and colorless, transparent and glassy luster.
Ordinary green fluorite
Other colors of fluorite
Beautiful colored fluorite hexagonal prism can be directly made into pendants and pendulums.
Fluorite has a "fluorescence effect", but it is not qualified to be called a night pearl, and it must have a "phosphorescence effect".
Jie Bao popularization of science
Fluorescence effect: As long as it is irradiated by light, it can emit all kinds of visible light, which is a common phenomenon of fluorite and not unusual.
Phosphorescence effect: fluorite can continuously emit light for a certain period of time after losing the external light source, which is a unique optical phenomenon of the night pearl.
Explain the luminous principle of the night pearl: the electrons in its minerals are stimulated by external energy (such as sunlight) and enter the high energy state from the low energy state. When external energy stops stimulating, electrons will change from high energy state to low energy state, and this process will emit light.
Pearls in the changing light
Three questions: What kinds of night pearls are there?
Today's luminous pearls are not limited to fluorite, but there are more and more kinds, including diamond luminous pearls, ruby luminous pearls and golden emerald luminous pearls. However, fluorite is the main night pearl. According to the principle of luminescence, it can be divided into two categories:
1, the eternal pearl of the night
In the absence of any external energy excitation, it is self-excited by radioactive isotopes containing activators, such as14c.3h.147pm.226ra.232nd. ..
2. Long-lasting luminous pearls
The activator in the phosphor is not radioactive, and it needs to be excited by external sunlight, ultraviolet rays and other light sources to emit light. The chemical components of this kind of luminous pearl are all compounds of divalent metals (calcium, strontium, barium, cadmium, magnesium and zinc) except alkali metal halides, among which silicates and aluminates belong to rare earth elements and have light storage properties.
Four questions: How much do you know about the night pearl fraud?
There are many ways to forge the night pearl. Usually, resin and non-luminous fluorite are used, and then fluorescent powder is coated on the surface to make it look like a night pearl, so be sure to polish your eyes, see more and buy less!
Identification of natural night pearl
(1) illumination 15 minutes can maintain continuous luminescence for dozens of hours.
(2) It has phosphorescence, that is, it can keep a certain luminous time after losing the function of external light source.
(3) Bright colors, translucency, permanent active luminescence without any illumination, and large light energy.
(4) Observe its luminous length, uniformity, half-life and afterglow.
Identification of artificial night pearl
(1) The fluorescence in artificial luminous pearls is formed by filling or smearing fluorescent powder, which can emit light locally or linearly under illumination.
(2) After the luminous part is lit, the luminous time is short and fleeting.
(3) Filled luminescent materials often have obvious traces, which are visible to the naked eye and relatively easy to see through.
(4) The safest way is to go to a national authoritative gem testing institution for testing and issue an appraisal certificate as the basis.
A common luminous bracelet may be fluorite, but it is not necessarily a luminous pearl.
Jie Bao Yus
Many artificial luminous bracelets on the market are filled or coated with fluorescent powder, which is harmful to human health. Be careful when buying ~
The real night pearl must be rare and expensive, but fluorite is still very beautiful and can be used to replace the night pearl.
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