Most of the bamboo used in Jizhou hand poles are cut and picked by the pole makers themselves. Bamboo picking is generally carried out in winter every year, especially the "high-leaf bamboo" which affects the life of Jizhou hand pole, and artists attach the most importance to it. Cold winter is the best time to harvest "high-leaf bamboo", because winter is the period when bamboo grows slowest and its meat has the least water content. Bamboo harvested in severe winter has the characteristics of thick meat and tenacity, which is a necessary condition for making poles. Therefore, many craftsmen choose to cut in the mountains on snowy days. Choosing bamboo is also very particular. According to the altitude, the growth state of bamboo forests in Xiangyang and Beiyang is also very different. As a hand pole, "Phyllostachys pubescens" usually grows in the high-leaf mountains with an altitude of 900 ~ 1000 meters, and the ideal age is 5 ~ 6 years. In order to seek the ideal "wild bamboo", craftsmen often walk into knee-deep mountains alone or with their disciples. When they groped in the bamboo forest after entering the mountain, they looked for some bamboos with a diameter of 4 mm ~ 1.2 cm. Observe whether the bamboo diameter is round and straight, whether the pitch is symmetrical, and whether the pitch height is ideal. Based on their own experience and different tastes, each craftsman first bends bamboo by hand, observes its strength and toughness, considers it satisfactory, then cuts off branches with a sickle, and then cuts them off from the lowest node above the root. When you are lucky, you are very lucky to pick out eight or nine good goods from a bamboo forest with thousands of plants. In a few days, one person can carry hundreds of loads down the mountain, which is a great harvest for Jizhou craftsmen. Bamboo collected in fermentation should be placed outdoors for several weeks or even months according to the state of bamboo, and then moved to the workshop for long-term natural drying. After the water in bamboo is evaporated and completely dried, it can be used to make poles.
Second, the selection and combination of bamboo
Bamboo matching refers to the combination of bamboo except the tip of the pole. Whether a good pole can be made is very important to the pole manufacturer. Take the "parallel inheritance" of Jizhou hand pole as an example. In the second and third sections, "high-leaf bamboo" is used, and "elegant bamboo" is used at the bottom. At this time, the flexibility, elasticity, curvature and thickness of bamboo will directly affect the next process, which requires the author to have a keen eye and rich experience. The collocation technology of bamboo is also the best embodiment of the personality and taste of different artists.
Third, the fire roasting process
The reason why the slender Jizhou hand pole can compete with several kilograms of crucian carp is that Jizhou has a hundred-year-old traditional fire roasting technology. Known as "fire-baked bamboo poles", it is the most difficult and technologically advanced process to make poles. After the combination of selected raw bamboo is roasted by fire, it can not only straighten the bamboo, but more importantly, it can fine-tune the fiber quality of the bamboo by fire roasting, so that the bamboo has more strength and toughness. Charcoal stoves for fire roasting are generally customized according to the requirements of artists, and most of the "ためき" used for mixing bamboo are made by artists themselves.
Fourthly, the hollow bamboo joints are inserted "parallel" and combined into Jizhou hand pole. Because the raw material is bamboo, it usually grows into two sections. Except for the pole tip and the second part, the rest must be hollowed out. A special tool used to hollow out bamboo joints is called "キリ". The thickness and length of "キリ "used are different according to the inner diameter of bamboo. Generally, there are fifty or sixty specifications of "キリ" used by Jizhou artists to make pole, which are basically made by artists themselves. It is very difficult to master the strength when drilling bamboo joints, and a little negligence will often give up all previous efforts, thus requiring the rod maker to have superb skills and delicate techniques.
Five, cutting section grate bar
Jizhou hand pole adopts "parallel heel" heel pole mode, so in order to have a good overlap with the jade mouth in the next section, the joint must be cut into a certain V-shaped angle. Angle and smoothness will directly affect the stress point and strength of the pole.
Six, winding spun silk
In the jade mouth, joint eyes and joints connected with joints, craftsmen take the way of winding silk to reinforce them. Improper winding length and strength of spun silk will cause the jade mouth to break. When winding, the strength should be uniform and completely seamless, laying a good foundation for the next painting. At present, these spun silk used by artists for reinforcement are almost as thick as hair, and the materials are completely hand-woven from top natural silk made in China. This kind of spun silk has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, delicate and flexible texture, and the price is quite expensive, which is several times that of ordinary spun silk.
Seven, jade mouth painting.
Painting the jade mouth means that the surface of the jade mouth, joints and joints is wrapped with spun silk and reinforced again by painting. Spray painting can not only improve the luxury of poles, but also play a role in waterproof protection. The painting technology of Jizhou hand pole has always adopted the traditional manual bristle painting method. The paint used is very particular. Primers are mostly colored paints or Yi Shi paints, and topcoats are mostly Lu Se paints. In addition, pigments such as "Liyuan" and "Hezhu" are often used. These paints are all natural sumac paints. The paint pen for painting is also very special, and the width, hairiness and hardness of the paint pen are very particular. Generally, the brushing times are 6 ~ 8 times. Before each brushing, it is necessary to carry out repeated water sand polishing and natural drying.
Eight, jade chisel.
The jade mouth that continues to the previous section must also be chiseled into a V-shaped angle that matches this section. The tool used at this time is similar to the "キリ" used when hollowing out bamboo joints. When chiseling, first slowly rotate and chisel inward in stages. After the basic shape comes out, smooth the inner wall of the jade mouth with rod-shaped steel files with different thickness specifications to make it completely consistent with the seam.
Nine, handle processing
The grip is the most common contact part between the fisherman and the fishing rod, and it is also an important part to adjust the center of gravity of the fishing rod. The feel of the handle will directly affect the fishing feeling of the rod user, so the artist pays special attention to the size and shape of the grip. The interior of the handle is directly made of hard wood or bamboo, and some artists use traditional paper wrapping method. Most of the surface layers are decorated with specific patterns and techniques handed down by their respective artists' ancestors or masters, and are specially made according to customers' requirements (Jizhou handles are mostly customized for fishermen). The materials used to decorate the handle are very rich, such as Bao Bei, snakeskin, antelope horn, shark skin, gold and platinum, feather roots, bamboo chips, eggshells, cotton thread, wisteria and so on. Sometimes according to the requirements of fishermen, jewelry and jade articles are inlaid, and some artists also use traditional "painting" techniques and special lacquer methods on the handles.
Ten, making a pole tip
The top of Jizhou hand pole is made of "real bamboo" with a tree age of 6 ~ 7 years. A section of "real bamboo" with a thick bowl can only be used as a pole tip with a very small area facing the sun. Usually, a section of "real bamboo" with a diameter of 18 cm can only be made into two or four poles at most after processing. When making a pole tip, you must first cut the bamboo into square poles, and then cut them one by one with a special tool. At present, most artists use the four-in-one splicing method, and stick four "real bamboos" together with special glue before planing to improve the strength and resilience of the pole tip. The angle and direction of planing will directly affect the tonality of the pole tip. This is also the most demanding and difficult process in pole manufacturing. Need rich experience and skilled technology.
XI。 draw
Painting is an essential process of Jizhou hand lever. Its technology completely maintains the traditional manual painting method-"wiping" painting method. The method of "wiping" paint is to evenly apply "colored paint" or "Yi Shi paint" to the rod body with your fingers, and then gently wipe it with "Tangsuomian" (a special cloth) to cover the surface of the rod body with a thin layer of paint. After natural drying, brush and wipe repeatedly. After applying the primer for five or six times, wipe it for more than ten times with a more accurate "Shengzhengwei Paint". After each painting, the pole must be put into a special drying room-"paint room" to dry naturally. Most of the "studios" used by artists were handed down by their ancestors or made by themselves. The "paint room" is a wooden structure, generally about 2 meters long and 60 centimeters wide and high. This kind of paint hardens in a completely different way from ordinary paint. Ordinary coatings are hardened and dried by natural evaporation of the solvent contained in the coatings, while this coating is dried and molded by chemical reaction with moisture in the air, and a good coating can be obtained at a specific temperature and high humidity. Therefore, artists often nail gauze on the inside of the "paint room" and spray water appropriately to keep the air humidity in the paint room. After painting, the shaft can achieve the effect of acid resistance and waterproof. And can increase the hardness and corrosion resistance of the surface of the rod body. Gorgeous and exquisite paint color can highlight the luxury of bamboo poles.
Twelve. Final process
After the painted poles are connected together, fine-tune them with fire. Every craftsman in Jizhou will also engrave his stage name or mark on each pole carefully made by himself to show the producer. Most Jizhou hand poles are only wrapped in cotton cloth. Some special high-grade poles are often equipped with special wooden pole boxes for special collection.