Jade in a broad sense is simply defined as "a beautiful stone with moist luster". According to the traditional concept of China folklore, it includes not only dushan jade (Nanyang jade), jadeite (jadeite), agate (chalcedony) and turquoise, but also crystal (timely), xiuyan jade (serpentine), Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone (Dikai stone), bloodstone and Bakai stone. This situation has also been adopted in many archaeological documents, and people often introduce jade articles with craft appreciation value into jade articles or stone tools.

Jade in a narrow sense refers to jadeite (jadeite) and nephrite described by French mineralogist De Muir. Mr. Xia, the authority of Chinese archaeology, also claimed that all jade, except nephrite and jadeite, can be called jade, and their specific names can be replaced by mineral names.

In addition to these two kinds, geologists suggest that all rocks with arts and crafts purposes are classified as colored stones, and minerals with technological requirements are classified as gems.

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Guangyu, simplified as "moist and shiny beautiful stone", caters to China's traditional folk exquisite, including not only dushan jade (Nanyang jade), jadeite (jadeite), agate (chalcedony) and turquoise. , including Crystal (Shi Ying), xiuyan jade, Shoushan Stone, Qingtian Stone (Dikaishi), heliotrope, etc. Balinshi This situation has also been used in many archaeological documents, and people often classify those jade articles with artistic appreciation value as jade articles or stone tools.

Jade in a narrow sense refers to jadeite (jadeite) and nephrite mentioned by French mineralogist Moore. As the right of the archaeological community in China, there is an exception that advocates Mr. Nephrite. Things of jadeite jade type are not called jade, and their specific names can be used instead of mineral names.

Excluding these two things, some geologists suggested that the process rocks and EC colored stones should be classified as one class, while the ore substances required by the process should be classified as gems.

Introduction to Emerald (English Speech)

Jade, with its delicate texture and exquisite appearance, has been loved by people since ancient times. Jade has the effects of clearing away heat, softening tendons and strengthening bones, calming the heart and calming the nerves, benefiting blood vessels and improving eyesight and hearing. Jade can support people and people can support jade.

Jade is loved by people because of its delicate texture and exquisiteness. Jade can drive away heat, strengthen the body, soothe the nerves and promote blood circulation. Content S2 1 Hetian Jade 2 dushan jade 3 lantian jade 4 Xiuyu 5 Emerald.

Identification of jade generally has the following criteria: First, look at the proportion of jade. The greater the proportion, the more precious the jade is. The second is to look at the hardness of jade. The harder the jade, the better. The third is to look at the color of jade. The red one is Fei and the green one is Cui. Fei and Cui are full of jewels. Of course, exquisiteness is square. The fourth is to listen to the voice of jade. Brittle is better, dumb is worse. The fifth is to look at the works. As the saying goes, gold is valuable, but jade is priceless. This sentence is unscientific. All jade is bought by the catty and by the cube. And art, to determine its price. The sixth is the time to see jade. Jade can be divided into ancient jade and modern jade. Ancient jade is a cultural relic. Modern jade is a work of art, while ancient jade is priceless.

Appraisal standard of jade: 1. proportion of jade. The greater the proportion, the more precious the jade is. 2. Hardness of jade. The harder the jade, the better. 3. The color of jade. The red one is Fei, and the green one is Cui. If it's full of jadeite and jadeite, it's a gem. Of course, exquisiteness is one thing. 4. Listen to the sound. Crispy skin first, dumb to rotten. 5. Handmade products. As the saying goes, if a jade is not cut, it will not be a tool. This sentence is unscientific. All jade is about purchasing, cubic meters. Combine art and decide its price. 6. Time. Jade is divided into ancient jade and modern jade. Ancient jade is a cultural relic. Modern jade is a work of art. An ancient jade is priceless.

Generally speaking, the "Four Famous Jade" in China is Hetian Jade produced in Xinjiang, dushan jade in Nanyang, Henan, lantian jade in Shaanxi and xiuyan jade in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province.

The general said that China's "four jade" include Hetian jade, dushan jade, lantian jade and Xiuyu jade.

The colors of dushan jade are complex and diverse, and their distribution on jade shows two ways: one is that the colors are intertwined in disorder, and the other is that they are roughly displayed in parallel bands, and there is a gradual relationship between hue and concentration. Its texture is similar to nephrite and jadeite, and it is tough, dense and delicate. Its transparency can range from translucent, slightly transparent to opaque.

The colors in dushan jade are complex and varied. In terms of distribution, it is criss-crossed and chaotic at first, while the other is roughly parallel to the belt. Its texture is similar to nephrite, and it is characterized by tenacity, compactness and delicacy. Its transparency varies from translucent to visible to the naked eye.

Lantian jade's name first appeared in Hanshu. Geography ",Meiyu is produced in" Lantian Mountain in the north of Beijing (now the north of Xi 'an) ". Later, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. There are records of jade production in Lantian in ancient books, such as Biography of Concubine, Xijing Fu by Zhang Heng, Guangya, Notes on Water Mirror and Yuanhe County Records.

Lantian jade's first name appeared in Han Shu. This jade is produced in Lantian Mountain. Subsequent Records of the Later Han Dynasty, Guangya, and Shuijing Annotation are also recorded.

Xiuyu jade is now the technical floorboard of serpentine jade in China. Jade in a broad sense includes xiuyan jade in Liaoning, Nanyue jade, Huili jade in Sichuan, Kunlun jade in Xinjiang and topaz jade produced in the Ming Tombs in Beijing. Xiuyan jade in a narrow sense refers to xiuyan jade, which is produced in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province. Its colors are varied, but white and light green are common. Its hardness is 2. 5 - 4。 5; Specific gravity 2. 5 or so; Grease luster or waxy luster; Translucent to opaque, a few are transparent, similar to plexiglass.

Jade is the general name of serpentine, and the jade in a broad sense includes Guangdong Southern Jade, Liaoning xiuyan jade Jade, Sichuan Huili Jade, Xinjiang Kunlun Jade and Beijing Huang Jingyu. Xiuyu in a narrow sense refers to the production of Xiuyan in Liaoneng. Its colors are varied, but white and green are common. Its hardness is 2. 5-4.5, with a ratio of 2.5.

Emerald hardness 7, specific gravity 3.33. Refractive index of minerals: Ng= 1.667, NP =1.654; The discount rate is 0.0 12. Common jadeite colors are white, gray, pink, light brown, green, emerald green, yellow-green, purple and so on. Most of them are opaque, translucent and glassy. According to color and quality, there are more than 20 varieties, such as ruby green, brilliant green, yellow sun green, sunshine green, glass green, Ying Ge green, spinach green, shallow water green, light sun green, frog green, melon skin green, plum green, blue-green, gray-green, oil green, violet and lotus root powder land. Cui Fei hardness is 7 and specific gravity is 3.33. Refractive index of minerals: Ng= 1.667, Np= 1.654, and refractive index is 0.0 12. The common colors of Cui Feiyu are white, gray, brown, green, pink green, yellow-green and red. Most of them are opaque, some are translucent and shiny. According to color and texture, it includes emerald blue, colorful green, boxwood green, Yangqiao green, glass green, Ying Ge green and light green.