The difference between tourmaline and tourmaline is that tourmaline has obvious double shadows, more gas-liquid inclusions and cracks, strong dichroism, good openness, large difference in density and refractive index and large birefringence.
Tourmaline is evaluated and selected according to its color, openness, internal defects and weight. Attention should be paid when purchasing tourmaline: tourmaline has good openness, glassy appearance, uneven isomorphic color and few internal defects (inclusions and cracks). Tourmaline is brittle, so pay attention to prevent collision when wearing it.
Tourmaline is colorful, beautiful and changeable, and has a high degree of openness. It has been loved by many people since ancient times. At present, it is one of the middle-grade gems second only to emeralds and metamorphic rocks. According to records, in the funeral of Empress Dowager Cixi in the Qing Dynasty, there was a lotus carved from tourmaline, weighing 36.8 yuan and worth 752,000 silver at that time. Many people regard tourmaline as "the birthstone of October", which means happiness and peace.
Tourmaline with gem-grade value is mostly produced in the core of strong albitization and lepidolite plagioclase albite pegmatite. 50-70% of the colored tourmaline in the world comes from pegmatite in minas gerais, Brazil. In addition, the United States, Russia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and other countries also have output. Tourmaline produced in Altay, Xinjiang, China, is crystal clear and colorful, and has the treasure of "Watermelon Tourmaline" with infrared green inside.
Origin of tourmaline
The discovery and utilization of tourmaline has a long history, but it may be regarded as emerald in the early days, so it is rarely recorded in gem works. In the gem kingdom-a mountain in Cruzeiro, Brazil, 1674 produces green tourmaline, which is regarded as emerald because of its very similar color. The mountain is also called "Emerald Mountain". During World War I and World War II, green tourmaline and blue tourmaline were discovered while mining mica on this mountain, but no emeralds were produced. It can be seen that the earliest emerald found there is probably tourmaline. /kloc-In the 0/7th century, Brazil exported long dark green columnar tourmaline to Europe, which was then called "Brazilian Emerald".
/kloc-A story from the 0/8th century shows that Europeans have realized that tourmaline has special properties different from emeralds: on a warm summer day in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, several children were playing with stones brought back by Dutch sailors. When they found strange phenomena in the sun, they called their parents to see them. They were surprised to find that this kind of stone has the ability to attract or repel light objects, such as dust and grass clippings. Therefore, the Dutch call it a "vacuum stone".
This kind of green columnar crystal has been discovered for many years, but people's understanding of it is still very vague. The same tourmaline, black tourmaline (black tourmaline) is known16th century. But it was not until 1768 that the famous Swedish scientist Ringnes discovered the relationship between black tourmaline and green tourmaline. Shortly thereafter, the French scientist Di Lisuo finally confirmed that green tourmaline and black tourmaline have the same crystal characteristics and physical properties and should belong to the same mineral. But it took a long time for people to adopt the present name, namely English tourmaline. The word comes from the ancient Sinhalese language Turmali, which means "mixed gem".
In China, the word tourmaline first appeared in the classic "Shiya" in Qing Dynasty: "The name of Biya Yao was recorded in China, but it was not detailed. The Qing Dynasty canon says: Do concubines use Biya Ding? Yunnan people say: than easy to thank, than easy; Uji is also Bixia Creek. Everyone in this world is called Biya, or Bibi, but there is no question about the origin of this name. If it is a foreign dialect, there is no doubt. " In later historical documents, we can also find names such as arsenic, tourmaline, bixiaxi, and broken evil gold. Royal nobles often use this gem as an ornament. In China, the seal is the seal and symbol of the emperor, and blue is green. Tourmaline is named "Tourmaline", which shows its popularity in ancient times. There are many tourmaline collections in the Palace Museum now.
In Japan, some institutions have studied that tourmaline is very popular in Japan, because it has pyroelectricity (meaning that it will generate charges at the two poles when the temperature changes) and piezoelectricity (pressing the direction of tourmaline C axis will generate charges at the two poles), so it can produce magical curative effects and improve natural healing power.
Tourmaline-a happy gem, tourmaline is called "Rainbow Fairy" precisely because of its colorful colors. Since ancient times, people have always loved this colorful, unpredictable and transparent gem. In addition to pleasing to the eye, tourmaline has another feature-it makes people feel happy.
Psychologists have studied the relationship between color and people's mental health, and found that under normal circumstances, red represents enthusiasm, which makes people feel warm and full of feelings and can stimulate the mood of love; Yellow represents happiness and light, making people happy and full of joy; Green represents peace, which makes people calm, calm and safe in action. All kinds of colors will affect people's emotions and change people's psychological activities. It is said that tourmaline crystal has as many colors as 15, which can naturally bring a little difference to people's mood.
A study by a Russian scholar shows that colorful tourmalines bring positive psychological hints and reactions, that is to say, colorful tourmalines can bring people a better mood. For example, the red tourmaline can make people's mental state extremely active and open-minded; Rose tourmaline can make people feel depressed or depressed; Blue tourmaline can make people calm and restrain people from being too excited; Green tourmaline can relieve people's nervousness, calm their nerves and make their minds more calm; Black tourmaline can effectively eliminate stress and fatigue.
Repeated monochrome life can only make people tired. If you add some color to your mood, the quality of life and life experience may be completely changed, and people will have different life realms. Therefore, whenever you wear colorful tourmaline ornaments, your mood will be clear, calm and decisive in human relations and invincible in your career. It can also stimulate creativity and bring infinite inspiration and thinking. It is because of tourmaline that life is colorful and full of hope. With tourmaline, you have good luck and a good mood, and you have a colorful life like tourmaline. (Zhao Run)
The difference between tourmaline and crystal Whether in street shops or on the Internet, many sellers like to promote tourmaline as a crystal variety worth investing in. However, the insiders corrected that tourmaline is not crystal in strict definition.
"We also heard that some unprofessional merchants put some low-grade tourmalines and crystals together, saying that tourmaline is a kind of crystal, which makes many people confuse the concepts of the two and think that tourmaline is a low-priced crystal." Xiong Ying said that this general division is inaccurate. Tourmaline and crystal are two different minerals with different values.
It is understood that in the jewelry industry, tourmaline is a high-grade gem, and high-quality tourmaline is even rarer than diamonds. A string of tourmalines with good color costs more than 10,000 yuan, while crystals belong to ordinary stone. Now many merchants say that "tourmaline is a kind of crystal" because the popularity of crystal is far greater than tourmaline.
In addition, there are crystal cave ornaments, which are easy to confuse consumers. According to some shops selling crystal cave ornaments, their prices mostly range from several hundred yuan to several thousand yuan, because the crystal cave has the meaning of "making money into treasure", and many people still care about its appreciation space when buying.
"Crystal cave, there are many ingredients in the well-meaning head, which is not expensive." Xiang Xianbiao said that although the crystal cave ornaments are unprocessed rough stones made of rock crystals, most of them are relatively small and can only be made into small ornaments. From the source, many of them are imported from abroad in large quantities, and the output is very large. In the trading market, they are weighed in kilograms, while in the gem industry, jewelry is mostly weighed in carats and pieces. It can be seen that crystal and gem belong to two different concepts, and the crystal hole focuses on the head and feet.