geography
Georgia starts from the Caucasus Mountains in the south and reaches the Black Sea in the east. Since ancient times, it has been a highway leading to other parts of the world. Georgia contains all major landforms, such as plains, hills, plateaus and mountains. The climate is different all over the country. Most areas along the Black Sea belong to subtropical humid climate, with warm winters and abundant rainfall. East Georgia and South Georgia have a semi-arid climate with little rainfall, so farmers have to rely on irrigation. This mountainous area has a plateau climate. People live by grazing and chopping wood. Some rivers are navigable, and fast-flowing rivers provide effective power. Georgia is rich in iron, copper and other mineral deposits, although most of them have been exploited now. The deposition of oil does not seem to be prominent.
Name and language
Korcz is in the west; And Cattell in the east and south, which the Greeks call Iberia. The local name "Kartli" comes from the Indo-European language family, which means "castle". When the owner of this "castle" near the Georgian city of Mtskhta became the ruler of the whole country, the news spread all over the territory. For the Greeks living near Trabzon, the nearest province was sperry (now Ispir). The Greeks used different names for these peoples, calling Cattelan "Sass Perian", then "Westerners" and then "Iberians". The word "Corchis" seems to come from the name of the mountainous province of Kola (present-day Turkey), while Georgia is an economic complex of East and West. The name of this machine comes from Kartli.
As early as BC12nd century, powerful clans established small countries such as Diohi, Zabaka, Vitruhi and Colta.
Georgians use the following Ibero-Caucasian languages: Georgian, Minher and Swann. Ancient Georgia was formed by the economic integration of the East (Iberia) and the West (Korcz). Since then, Corchian has moved to the position of family language. Earlier, Swan and Abulhas were arranged in the same place by Minher.
agriculture
The soil is fertile, rivers such as Rioni, Chorokhi and Mtkvari (Kura) are rich in fish, and there are ready-made irrigation water sources to help early settlers grow grain. The most successful agricultural settlements have developed into powerful families. Handicraft and trade are booming in vast areas. In the early centuries of the 2nd century BC, two main economic systems emerged. Later they will be called Korcz and Cattell. Georgian clans are famous for their mastery of bronze and iron in history. The bronze age civilization, which lasted for two thousand years, was replaced by the iron age civilization in BC 1000.
The prosperity of Georgian tribes is related to the rich rivers of Mtkvari (Kura), Chorokhi (Aphsaros/Acampsis) and Rioni (Phasis). Agriculture is very important, and you can find markets for its products in scattered towns. Where irrigation must be maintained (Kula Valley), canals were built.
Contact with Greece
Well-designed defense systems-alliances between small countries like Diaoji and Colta-reduce the risk of enemy raids. Corn fields have been cultivated, and cattle and sheep wander on the plateau-on the slopes of the North Caucasus and the South Caucasus, which provides more security for the region. Nevertheless, the Greeks managed to arrange a naval expedition to the East Black Sea coast, and these myths were reinforced by myths, which told how the brave Greek crew headed by Jason——Argo hero—— stole golden fleece, which was an obvious symbol of luxury. Rich from Colta/Korcz. Another violator in myth is Prometheus, who took fire from God and gave it to mankind. Then he was punished and locked on a rock in the Caucasus. The Georgian version of the myth named Amiran as a hero, reminiscent of Mitra, the pagan god or demon of Arian-in fact, the Arian clan came to the region at the dawn of civilization and then merged with the local people.
Early countries
As early as BC12nd century, powerful clans established small countries such as Diohi, Zabaka, Vitruhi and Colta. Kings ruled and made laws, while wealthy landlords held public office and fought Assyrians and Urals who moved northward. The bottom of society are ordinary people. They work on the land belonging to the nobility, but they are still free to leave this land, while the yeoman lives on the high mountain. The growth of trade promoted the development of cities and towns. Businessmen gained some wealth and began to form a middle class. Women are subordinate to men.
Finally, two cultures armed with iron were established-East Georgia (Iberia) located in the Mtkvari and Chorokhi river basins; There is also West Georgia, Corchian (that is, Ming Gerlan), in the Rioni Valley, on the plain between Bishventa/Pitsunda in the northwest, saros in the southwest and Patnis in Donsalat. Tough mountain dwellers like Svani and Lazi (West Georgians) live in the wilderness areas above the cities of Dio Scurria (Sohumi) and Trapet Zus.
Greek colony
By the 6th century BC, the Persians had conquered a huge empire extending from Asia Minor to the Indus Valley. Some land in Iberia is under Persian rule, but the world still faces a new hegemony-Greece, which is overpopulated and needs to import food and raw materials. The Greeks established a small city-state along the Black Sea. They make a living by doing business and provide raw materials for their motherland. Miriam from Asia Minor also established several colonies in Korcz, including West Georgia.
From the 7th century BC to the 6th century BC, the Ionian city of Miletus had extraordinary wealth and commercial enterprises. Miletus, the largest trading city, organized the first Greek settlements in Korcz, the daughter of the Ionian metropolis-Poti, Sohumi and so on. Fascism and Dios Cuglia are brilliant Greek cities ruled by business oligarchs, although they are sometimes troubled by Corchia people from the mainland. These Greek cities seem to have been completely assimilated by Corchia people.
Spices, precious wood and precious stones are transported from India through cheap "Transcaucasia" rivers.
In the following centuries, the same process took place in Roman veterans' settlements near fascism. In order to promote trade, Phasis issued its own Greek-Colombian silver coins. Trade between the people of the Black Sea countries is booming. The weapons industry and ceramic production in our capital are booming, the mining industry in Korcz is developed, and the agriculture in Bosphorus is developed. Cities and towns in almost all places are expanding in scale and prospering. A large number of coins are issued frequently, and the circulation increases. The ancient sea road from Sinop to fascism was easily covered in three days. From the 3rd century BC, Greeks flooded into and crossed Korcz and Iberia. Spices, precious wood and precious stones are transported from India along the Indus-Balkh River (Bhaktra)-Andalia River (Aksas) through the cheap "Transcaucasia" River, which used to be connected with the Caspian Sea Mtkvari and Rioni in the southeast.
Alexander the Great.
In the 4th century BC, Alexander of Macedonia defeated the powerful Persian Empire. His conquest paved the way for the infiltration of Greek civilization in many fields. The whole Black Sea region can be regarded as a multicultural region, and its economic system is ultimately based on the Hellenistic principle-the Greeks settled everywhere. Alexander's coins in Colt's Imitation of Gold embody the idea of Hellenistic integration. More and more Greeks came to Korcz. Korcz has rich naval resources and the best sailors, but there are terrible swamps in many lowlands, and the Greeks have no special idea to drain them. In the end, the Hellenization of Korcz failed, because the Greek community first became a bilingual community, and then fully integrated into the local society.
After the demise of the Persian Empire, Khatri's northern and southern kingdoms were unified under the rule of Pannawaz, who was the first king of the Pannawaz dynasty. Zuo, the monarch of the south, seems to have been killed in a small place. Farnawaz gratefully adopted his sons and left them in the local territory as dukes. Many centuries later, these regions will provide Georgia with a new royal dynasty, Bagratoni Dynasty.
Roman Empire
Since the first century BC, the Romans have been in charge of the ancient Greek world. They promoted the unification of Europe by granting citizenship to allied kings. Iberian rulers are among them. Roman citizenship is a traditional honorary degree, which spread from all major fields in Europe to all provinces, and these countries were formally bound together. The silver cups in the 2nd and 3rd century AD recorded the names of Iberian kings (the date of accession to the throne is unknown). Obviously, he is a Roman citizen, and he inherited his citizenship from his predecessor Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus or Domicent's predecessor. Another example is that the Syrian Governor Hadrian's C. Publicius Marcellus granted the Iberian Commander-in-Chief Publicius Agrippa citizenship. Sometimes, the senior positions of the Roman army were also held by Iberians. For example, in the era of Emperor Otto, there was a record of appointing competent admirals. His name is Moskus. Apparently, he was born in Meshti province of Iberia.
While sending these people to serve abroad, Iberia welcomes some foreigners-as early as the 2nd century BC, there was a commercial Jewish community in Hita, the capital. Cocchia faced the Roman garrison stationed in the Black Sea. Goths living in Crimea and looking for a new home attacked the Colchi in 253 AD. Nevertheless, the country does not object to any reception as long as it is necessary. Corchia people are always wary of climbers in the northern Caucasus, but in the 1 century, they did not refuse the opportunity to recruit more recruits for the feudal class. Therefore, vasquez and Avril appeared in Corchis, and there were a large number of Lachish people from the south, who renamed the land Lacika. In this period of slight Roman hegemony, the wave of ladder-shaped Laszlo clan who spoke the same Minher language swept the Colchi people and created a new feudal structure. Soon, Iberia adopted the same system.
culture
In terms of art and intelligence, this period is outstanding as a starting point. Greek-style temples were built in Korcz and Cattell (Iberia). In ancient Korcz and Katri, people believed that many gods controlled the forces of nature. Idols are worshipped, but the paganism of the latter is still full of romanticism, because the Aryan upper class came to Iberia at the dawn of civilization, bringing their pagan gods (devi in Georgian), such as Mithra-gayo-da (the god who gives life; Gaim- Georgian) and Aredvi Sura Anahita (Georgian Ainina). The next reception included those who worshipped the Lord of Wisdom, a pure idea-Ahuro Mazdao, a Georgian heretic, turned into a warrior-Amaz. So, before this country was baptized, this Amazigh, together with Gaim and Ainina, was worshipped in Kartley. Corchian jewelry is also very multicultural. Georgians used to write in Greek and Aramaic. Georgian records accurately describe the crowded pagan festivals in Mtskhta, and the king himself was a participant. Amazi is widely worshipped, but archaeological findings show that there are a lot of skulls in the tomb, and there is a coin in it-a dead person is thought to have been transferred to another world by the mysterious paid boatman Caron, and the normal place for people to carry money is in their mouths.