Ruan Ji is a poet with a story, probably belonging to the kind of poet who really has human feelings and dares to do things.
It is said that the young woman next door has some beauty, so he often goes to buy wine with Wang Rong and sleeps beside the beautiful woman who sells wine after getting drunk. On another occasion, Ruan Ji learned that a talented woman had no contact and died unmarried. Although he didn't know the woman's family, he ignored the world's comments and ran to the coffin to cry.
It is this "romantic" poet who has excellent poetry and prose. Among his poems, 82 five-character poems are the most famous.
The so-called poetry with bosom is a poem about bosom, a poem about the poet's feelings. It either sings the poet's political ambition and ambition, or tells his feelings about social life, his experience of life existence, or expresses his pursuit of life ideal.
Ruan Ji's homesickness poems are such lyric poems.
Mr. Tsung i Jao and Ruan Gong chanted 82 poems, which were included in Changzhou Collection.
Harmony poems (and reading hè) refer to poems that are sung in harmony, that is, on the premise that the other party writes a poem, write a related poem and answer it accordingly; Moreover, the content of a poem can have similar meanings or the opposite.
The early homophonic poems did not rhyme, and later generations gradually used homophony, which was called congyun, and used the rhymes and words of the original poems without order; Later, it was further developed into a rhyme poem, which means rhyme, but it is not necessary to use its original words; Later, it was further developed into a rhyming poem, also known as step rhyme, which refers to the rhyme of the other party, and the rhyme order is exactly the same as that of the other party.
Rao Gonghe's poems are both secondary rhyme and cadence in form.
For example, the first poem in Ruan Ji's Poems on Huaishang:
Can't sleep at night, sit up and play the piano.
Thin curtains look at the bright moon, and the breeze blows on the chest.
Lonely in the wild, birds are singing in Beilin.
What will you see when you walk? Worry is sad alone.
Rao Gong and Ruan Gongyin's first poem:
Han Tao can stop playing the piano as soon as she washes her ears.
Whispering in the distance, wind and water, it is annoying to say.
Bananas are green, but they don't turn into forests in twos and threes.
It seems that you know each other and want to be friends.
Here, Rao Gong not only used the rhyme and the words "Qin, Jin, Lin and Xin" in Ruan Gong's original poems, but also followed the order, which is called secondary rhyme or cadence.
Ruan Gongyong's poems are a work of feeling the time and touching things, and a work of "expressing anger with emotion".
There have been comments that Ruan Ji's poems are of far-reaching significance, and it is difficult to guess who she is chanting. Liu Xie said it was "profound" (Wen Xin Diao Long Shi Ming); Zhong Rong said, "It's far-reaching and it's hard to have fun." ("Poetry"); Shan Li even said that "a thousand words are hard to avoid, and it is difficult to measure under one hundred generations" and "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" (Volume 23) ... until Lu Xun also said that "although impassioned, many meanings are hidden". So some people say that Ruan Ji's homesickness poems are a mystery.
You can't tell exactly what Ruan Ji's poem is about, but when you read it and taste it, you will feel a profound life sorrow and indignation. In the symbol of Bixing, the author satirizes the present by using the ancient times to express his feelings, forming a poetic style of "grief, indignation, sadness and obscurity".
For example, in Ruan Gong's first poem, the lyric protagonist "I" couldn't sleep at night and sat up to play the piano. A bright moon hung high in the air, the moonlight penetrated through the thin curtains, and the breeze blew my skirt. Lonely red wails in the wild, birds sing in Beilin and "I" wander in the moonlight. What can I see? Only one person is sad!
As the keynote, this sad feeling can be said to run through all Ruan Gong's poems.
Why is Ruan Gong sad? Poetry doesn't need to be written. Implicit, hidden, hazy, let you taste slowly, chew slowly like an olive to get the taste.
Poetry often reflects the changes of the times and echoes the pulse of the times. We might as well focus the lens of history on Wei and Jin Dynasties through time and space. ...
Ruan Ji lived in Wei and Jin Dynasties, which was an era of frequent dynasty changes. Sima Shi and Cao Shi fought fiercely, fighting for slashing and killing, and the political struggle was extremely cruel. As the leader of the gentry at that time, almost no one was not involved in the cruel political whirlpool and was sent to the guillotine in batches. Yanhe, Ji Kang, Zhang Hua, Pan Yue, Liu Kun, Xie Lingyun and Ye Yan ... These first-class poets, writers and philosophers were all killed.
It is this sinister political situation that the poet can't help sighing about life: "I am always afraid of a big net, and once I am worried, I will sing forever" (Ji Kang) ... Sentimentality, sadness, resentment, fear and anxiety were the common mentality of the gentry at that time, especially Ruan Ji. Don't look at him so much "Whether to brag. Haggard makes the heart sad "(eighth); "The voice of quality tourism business. Sorrow hurts my heart "(the ninth song); "One is mourning for the yellowbird, who can stop crying" (the eleventh song); "But I'm afraid for a while, the soul is gone with the wind. Life is like walking on thin ice, but my heart is anxious "(No.33); ……
That is the lament of the next generation of scholars in the sinister political environment.
It is precisely because of the sinister political situation that the poet cannot directly express his dissatisfaction and indignation with those in power, but can only express his own sadness. In other words, Ruan Ji lived in such a dark age as Wei and Jin Dynasties. He was worried about disaster, so he could only express his anger indirectly by expressing this kind of "worrying about life".
The poet's deep sigh of "mourning for life" is not a straightforward story, but through metaphors, hints and expressions of images: Leng Yue, breeze, wilderness, solitary rainbow, Artemisia, morning dew, Gaolan, frost, weeds, fragrant trees, green leaves, Qingyun, Honghu and Luowang.
More than 80 poems and hundreds of images contain endless sadness and infinite meaning in vivid images.
For example, Leng Yue, the breeze, the wilderness, the lonely and sleepless pianist in Ruan Ji's poem "Ode to Huai" visualized the invisible "troubles" as if people were in front of them and the sound of the piano echoed in their ears.
In addition, this poem uses the technique of dynamic and static contrast, which has a unique artistic effect. "Sit up and play the piano", the breeze blows and the moonlight lingers, which is moving. The former is the movement of people, and the latter is the movement of things, both of which imply the poet's inner anxiety.
But like The Rock in the Night, this movement highlights the dead silence and heaviness of the night, symbolizing the sinister political situation and the heavy pressure on the poet's mind. This poem is profound and vivid; The sustenance is deep and intriguing. This may represent the artistic features of Ruan Gong's poems chanting for the bosom.
Rao Gong and Ruan Gong's homesickness poems were written more than 50 years ago.
It is said that on the New Year's Eve of 196 1, Rao Gong heard the sound of big waves outside when he was living in Ying Shao Building, Cheung Chau. Because of anxiety, he spent several days composing Changzhou Collection with the theme of "Singing Poems with Ruan Gong" and combining them according to rhyme. Tsung i Jao's Collection of Changzhou and Ruan Ji's Poems on Huai are magnificent and elegant in style, which embody the creative ideas of "harmony is the most important thing, not harmony" and "stepping on the past as rhyme, making the present as poetry", and also reflect the poetic thoughts and pursuits.
Why is Rao Gong keen on singing poems with Ruan Gong?
It can be said that in Rao Gong's mind, among the poets in Wei and Jin Dynasties, only Ruan Gonghuai is the most temperament and the most profound sense of hardship. However, Rao Gong, who has experienced the sufferings of being far away from his hometown in the war and is deeply worried about the fate of the current national culture, has the same mentality as Ruan Gongyou, and naturally, between poems, two ancient and modern poems collide and sing together. The "poetic mind" mentioned here is used when commenting on other people's poems and Ruan's poems. It is believed that some people and Ruan's poems only imitate their rhetoric and can't learn "poetic mind". What does "resign" mean? From Rao Gong's letter to his friend, we can know that the "wary" refers to Ruan Gongzhi's "worry".
It can be seen that "resignation" is a sense of urgency. Rao Gong is connected with Ruan Gong at this point, so he changed his mind and couldn't stop ... Gong Yao wanted to vent his feelings. He said, "Write down my troubles and pains ... and express my sorrows and joys for a while, and show my farsightedness for a hundred generations for a while". Therefore, Rao Gong's and Ruan Ji's poems about nostalgia can be said to be the chorus and answer of two "worried about the country" in the collision between ancient and modern times.
Of course, Rao Gonghe's 82 poems, in addition to expressing a sense of hardship associated with Ruan Gong, often express different feelings because of different value orientations, that is, the so-called "harmony is not Ruan".
For example, the first poem of Ruan Gong's poem: "Can't sleep at night, sit up and play the piano." Thin curtains look at the bright moon, and the breeze blows on the chest. Lonely in the wild, birds are singing in Beilin. What will you see when you walk? I'm sad. "It makes people worry, and the lyric hero can't sleep at night, except that he can't see hope alone.
Ruan Gong Huai sang the third song: "Peach and plum grow under the beautiful tree in the East Garden. The autumn wind blows Hopkins, starting from here. Prosperous and haggard, energetic and born in class. Get rid of the stables and go to the foot of the western hills. I don't even protect myself, let alone love my wife. First frost weeds, the years are also cloudy. " Ye Jiaying said that this poem "on the surface is lamenting the passage of a year's seasons, but in fact it is lamenting the chaos and peril of the times".
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Lv thought that "the peaches and plums in the East Garden grow under beautiful trees. The autumn wind blows Hopkins, and it starts here, which implies the personnel changes of the Wei family from prosperity to decline. In any case, this poem refers to the repetition of the world in which flowers and trees are soaring from prosperity to decline, laments one's own insecurity, and expresses the anxiety of treading on thin ice in a sinister political environment and the sadness of being content with perfection, full of despair and loneliness.
Another example is Ruan Gong's fourth poem: "Tianma comes from the northwest and comes from its master. Spring and autumn are not enough, and wealth will last forever. The dew is full of Gaolan and the frost is full of weeds. If you are a charming teenager, you will become ugly at dusk. Since it is not Wang Zijin, who can always be beautiful. " This poem laments that time flies, life is short and things are impermanent.
Ruan Gong's 13th poem: "Climb the four fields and look at the green hills in the north. Pine, cypress, pine, pine, pine, pine, pine, pine, pine. Feelings are bitter, and resentment is often bitter. Gong Li mourns the East Gate, while Perilla narrows the Three Rivers. If you seek benevolence from yourself, you can't help sighing. " I wrote about climbing the mountains in the four fields, looking at the green hills in the north, watching Matsuoka and birds passing by, and thinking of the tragedies of Reese and Su Qin, "I am filled with emotions, and I often suffer from hardships."
This poem is that Ruan Gong regrets that he did not judge the situation and took the wrong political road, expressing a feeling of regret and helplessness …
Ruan Gong's nostalgic poems often lament the impermanence of life, and his mood is depressed and negative, while Rao Gong can treat all kinds of disappointments in secular life with a detached attitude and is full of optimism about the future.
For example, the first poem in Hehe: "You can wash your ears at the beginning of the cold wave without playing the piano. Whispering in the distance, wind and water, it is annoying to say. Bananas are green, and they haven't become forests in three or two days. I seem to know each other and want to be with the alliance. " The beginning of the poem is: the cold wave can wash the soul, and the plaintive piano can stop, just like the second song expresses the free and easy optimism of washing the sadness of parting with river water; You see, the new leaves of banana have spread out, everything is so lovely and life is so beautiful.
And the third poem: "Deliberately late spring, the heart is blossoming." The year of drifting away ended this evening, and the new one was 18 years old in the Ming Dynasty. Those who abandon my past and become sacred and refined. Past and present are bitter, just like a foot following a toe. Keep turning and grinding, hoping that my son will be sung. Fear of the wind, blow it to cure it. " ?
The first sentence "deliberately late spring, my heart is full of flowers and plums" is a cheerful and positive mood from the beginning; My heart is as cheerful and happy as flowers! Although the old year is about to pass, tomorrow is the beginning of a new year, spring will come again, and life is still full of hope.
And the fourth poem: "the sea is so poor, just confess it." Chickens and dogs suddenly become villages, so it is good to know how to protect them. It doesn't snow in winter in the south, and spring grass is everywhere. The four seasons are inseparable, and doing nothing is hard to get old. The island is beautiful and the glory is good. " What is depicted here is also a beautiful picture of life; Although life will change from youth to old age, there is no need to worry about it. The road ahead is vast, spring grass is everywhere, and life prospects are bright.
And the thirteenth song: "Blue sea and blue sky are different. Reclamation is a door, trying to stop the western sun. Not many people protect Xinjiang. Tears streamed down the sea, and talents flooded into the river. Look at the wind and clouds, and ask for advice through the ages. " Facing the changes of the world, the poet shows a detached and open-minded state of mind. ……
This may be the profound meaning of "harmony is different from Ruan" and "stepping on the rhyme of the ancients as a poem of the present"!
Rao Gonghe's poems are the form of Ruan Gongyong's poems, belonging to the classical five-character style, which pays attention to rhythm and has certain freedom. From the content, it is not only classic and profound, but also has true feelings and high artistic conception; As a scholar and poet, his harmonious poems embody the unity of knowledge and poetry, philosophy and image.