[Original] Song people have cultivators. There is a factory in Tanaka. The rabbit broke its neck and died. Stand by and watch because you released this plant, hoping to get the rabbit back. You can't have a rabbit, but as a small fruit of a song. (Han Fei "Han Feizi? Five thorns ")
Translation:
Once upon a time, there was a farmer in Song State. There is a stump in his field. One day, a rabbit running fast ran into a stump, broke its neck and died. From then on, the farmer gave up farming and waited by the stump every day, hoping to get another rabbit. Of course, the rabbit didn't wait, but he himself became the laughing stock of Song State.
【 profound 】 metaphor stick to narrow experience, I don't know how to change. Later, it was also a metaphor to rely on luck to get unexpected gains without subjective efforts.
Carve a mark on the side of the moving ship to show where someone's sword fell ―― take measures regardless of the change of environment.
[Original]
Some Chu people waded in the river, and their swords fell into the water from the boat, so they made an agreement with the people on the boat and said, "My sword fell from above." The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat works, but not the sword. If you want a sword, isn't it confusing? (Excerpted from Lv Chunqiu. Check in ")
[translation]
A Chu man was crossing the river by boat when his sword fell into the water. He carved a mark on the side of the ship and said, "This is where my sword fell." After the ship landed, he jumped into the water from the marked place to look for the sword. The ship went far, but the sword didn't. Isn't it silly to find a sword like this?
[Moral] The metaphor is rigid and inflexible.
2. Fable stories (classical Chinese) are meaningful and meaningful.
Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure their feet and put them in the market where they sit, but forget that they have shoes and say, "I forgot to take them." If you take it back, if you violate it, you can't do it. People will say, "Why not give it a try?" Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident."
There is a man in Zheng who wants to buy shoes. He measured his feet first, and then wrote down the measured size on the seat. He hurried to the market and forgot to measure. He has got the shoes and said, "I forgot to take the size." He went home to get it, and when he came back, the market had already dispersed.
Moral: we should deal with things according to their changes, and we should not stick to the rules. When things change, the way we handle things should also change.
3. Fable stories (classical Chinese) Fable stories should be short and meaningful. Don't gild the lily and carve a boat for the sword. The Chu people have waded across the river, and the knife fell into the water from the boat. (jǜ) got stuck in the boat and said, "This is where I dropped my knife." The ship stopped and entered from the person it signed. People should take this change into account when thinking about problems and doing things, which is suitable for this change. They stick to dogma and law, but they are stubborn and inflexible. The place has changed, and the way to solve the problem should be flexible. For the original text of Confucius' argument about Japan, see the argument between two children (1) and ask the reason (2). A son said, "I am convinced. However, time is drawing near in Japan and China. A Confucius said, "The sunrise is as big as a cover (6), and the sunrise is as big as a bowl (9). Isn't this (10) which is smaller and which is closer? "One son said," It's cool when the sun rises in the morning (1 1), just like exploring soup at noon (12). Isn't it near hot and far cold? "Confucius can't decide (13). The two children laughed and said, "Which is the Tathagata Zhihu (14)! "Moral: 1. If you look at the problem one-sidedly, you can't get the correct conclusion. You should look at the problem from more angles. No matter how big a scholar is, there is something he doesn't understand. You have to pretend to understand and seek truth from facts.
4. Find two stories of ancient China idioms and annotate the three precepts of a gentleman. From article 16 of the Analects of Confucius, Confucius said: "A gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, his blood gas is uncertain, and he should be careful; It is also strong and bloody, and it is fighting; It means that a gentleman should be alert to three things: his blood gas is still unstable when he is young, and he should get rid of his infatuation with women; In the prime of life, you must give up fighting with others; When you are old and your blood is weak, you should abstain from greed, fame, status, wealth and loans. " Feeling: This is Confucius' advice on the problems you need to pay attention to in your life from youth to old age. The three friends who benefited are also from the Analects of Confucius. Confucius said, "Three friends who are good, three friends who are bad. Friends are straightforward, friends trust, and friends listen more and benefit. Friends are friendly, friendly and soft. " There are three kinds of harmful friends. It is beneficial to make friends with integrity, honesty and extensive knowledge. It is harmful to make friends with flatterers, people who flatter others on the surface and slander others behind their backs, and people who are good at rhetoric. Feeling: This is what Confucius told us: making friends has advantages and disadvantages. These two stories are not idioms, but I thought of them from The Analects. It saved me a lot of effort. If you want to find profound and educational ancient prose, I suggest buying four. University and the golden mean can cultivate themselves. The classic sentences in the Analects of Confucius and the wisdom stories in Mencius can be said to be enough for our life.
5. Find some idioms and fables (classical Chinese). Bian Que was a famous doctor in ancient times.
One day, he went to see Cai Huanhou. After studying Cai Huanhou's face carefully, he said, "Your Majesty, you are ill.
Now the disease is only on the surface of the skin. Quick treatment is easy to cure. "Cai Huanhou disapprovingly said," I'm not sick. I don't need you to treat me! " After Bian Que left, Cai Huanhou said to his left and right, "These doctors have to treat people who are not sick all day, so they can prove their medical skills in this way. "
Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again. He said anxiously, "Your illness has developed to muscle.
You have to treat it quickly! "Cai Huanhou cocked his head." I am not sick at all! You go! Cai Huanhou was very unhappy after Bian Que left. Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again.
He looked at Cai Huanhou's face and said anxiously, "Your Majesty, your illness has entered your stomach. You can't wait any longer!" Cai Huan Hou shook his head again and again: "Damn, what's wrong with me!" " After Bian Que left, Cai Huanhou became even more unhappy. Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again.
He only took one look, turned around and left. Cai Huanhou was very puzzled, so he sent someone to ask Bian Que, "Why did you turn around and leave when you went to see the king?" Bian Que said, "If you are sick, you are not afraid. As long as it is treated in time, the general disease will gradually get better.
I'm afraid I'm sick and say I'm not sick. I won't accept treatment. If the disease is in the skin, you can use hot compress; If the disease is in the muscles, acupuncture can be used; You can take soup medicine if your stomach is uncomfortable.
However, now the king's illness has penetrated into the bone marrow. I am very ill, so I have to resign myself to my fate and dare not seek treatment for the king any more. "
Sure enough, five days later, Cai Huanhou's illness suddenly broke out. He sent for Bian Que at once, but Bian Que has gone to other countries.
A few days later, Cai Huanhou died of illness. 【 Tip 】 If you have a disease, you must follow the doctor's instructions and treat it honestly.
If there are shortcomings and mistakes, we should also listen to everyone's criticism with an open mind and seriously correct them. Otherwise, if you make mistakes again and again, your illness will get worse and worse, and your mistakes will get worse and worse, even to the point where there is no cure.
[Original] Bian Que saw Cai Huangong ① and had a room ②. Bian Que said: "You get sick in reason 3, and if you don't treat it, you will be afraid." Huan Hou said, "I have no disease."
Leave Bian Que. Huan Hou said, "A good doctor counts merits."
After living in 10 days, Bian Que saw him again and said, "Your disease is in the skin. If you don't treat it, it will get better." The result was ignored again.
Leave Bian Que. Huan Hou is unhappy again.
Ten days later, Bian Que walked in and said, "Your illness is in your stomach, and the treatment will be more serious." The result was ignored again.
Leave Bian Que. Huan Hou is unhappy again.
On the 10th, Bian Que watched Huan Hou go. Huan Hou makes people ask.
Bian Que said: "The disease is in reason, and the soup is burning." In the skin, the needle stone is also within reach; In the stomach, fire is everywhere (11); In bone marrow, Siming belongs to (12), but there is no way! Now in the bone marrow, I have no invitation (13). "After living for five days, Huan Gong was sore; I sent someone to look for it (14). I have escaped from the state of Qin.
Huan Hou died (15). -"Everything is done" [Note] 1 Bian Que-a famous physician during the Warring States Period.
(2) between-for a while. (3) Illness-Ancient diseases refer to minor diseases, while diseases refer to serious diseases.
The principle of "C2U"-originally refers to the texture of human skin. This refers to the skin.
(4) I am an ancient self-styled monarch. Good-I like it.
⑥-indicates that a period of time has passed. All landowners benefit-more.
Today, go-turn around and go. Pet-name ruby Tang (yù n)-scald the skin with hot water.
And-reach out. Attending the needle stone-a needle used for acupuncture.
In ancient times, bian stone was used to treat diseases. (1 1) Hodge-fire frying.
(12) Siming's ownership-in the hands of death. God who controls life and life and death.
(13) I didn't ask for it-so I don't want it anymore. (14) seek-seek.
(15) So-just. Carve a monkey at the top of the thorn, and the prince posted lists everywhere to collect skilled craftsmen.
A patriotic man came to apply for the job, claiming that he could carve a lifelike monkey on a thorn. The prince was very happy to hear that he had such superior skills, and immediately gave him extremely generous treatment and provided him with supplies.
A few days later, the prince wanted to see the artistic treasures carved by the skillful craftsman. The patriotic man said, "If the monarch wants to meet, he must follow my two conditions: first, he must not enter the harem to meet his concubines within six months; Second, don't drink or eat meat.
Then choose a rainy day and sunrise, and in the half-bright and half-dark light, you can see the monkey I carved on the top of the thorn. "Hearing these conditions, the prince couldn't do it. He could only continue to feed wei ren in the palace with luxurious food, but he never had a chance to appreciate the treasures he carved.
A blacksmith in the palace could not help laughing secretly. He said to the prince, "I specialize in making knives."
As we all know, even the smallest carving can only be carved with a meat cleaver, so the carved thing must be larger than the blade of the meat cleaver. If the tip of the thorn is too thin to accommodate the smallest blade, you can't carve on it.
Please check the craftsman's carving knife, and you will know whether what he said is true or not. The king woke up like a dream. He immediately called the patriotic people and asked, "What tool did you use to carve monkeys on the top of thorns?" Weiguo replied, "Carve a knife."
The prince said, "Please show me your meat cleaver." Hearing this, wei ren panicked, said he would go to the mansion to get the meat cleaver, and slipped out of the palace and ran away.
[Hint] Cowhide and lies, no matter how clever, can't stand serious investigation and careful analysis. According to this fable, people often call lies "the theory of thorns".
It should be noted that the cowhide boasted by China people in the story should be distinguished from today's micro-carving art. With the development of the times and the progress of technology, people can carve hair with very fine carving knives, magnifying glasses and microscopes.
But one or two thousand years ago, people's technology could not reach such a high level. The blacksmith's analysis and judgment in the story is based on the level at that time.
[Original] The prince invited a skillful magician, and the guardian said, "The end of the thorn can be used as a female monkey." The prince said, and lifted it five times.
The king said, "I try to observe that the guest is a thorny female monkey." The guest said, "If you want to see the fourth one, you must not be an official for half a year, drink or eat meat, and you will stab him at sunrise, rain and fog.
6. Ask for some general ideas, idioms and meanings of ancient Chinese. 1. But Zizi didn't know that Yuzixue Fu Shouling was a toddler in Handan: place name, the capital of Zhao State during the Warring States Period, now Handan City, Hebei Province; Step: Go, go. Metaphor imitation failed, but lost its original strengths. Once upon a time, a man learned to walk in Handan. As a result, he not only failed to learn to walk in Handan, but also forgot how to walk before, so he had to climb home. 1, Zhuang Zhou's "Zhuangzi Qiushui": "And I didn't hear that Fu Shouling's Yuzi School was in Handan and? Without national ability, it loses its old way and goes straight to its ears. " 2. Those who used to learn to walk in Handan, as if they couldn't get it, lost their old steps and climbed to his ear. (1) yesterday (x rho)-once upon a time, in the past. Race walking. ② Once-here equivalence. Beads: pearls. I bought a wooden box containing pearls and returned the pearls in the wooden box. Metaphorically, this is a bad choice. It once appeared in Han Fei's "Han Fei Zi's Stories on the Left" in the pre-Qin period: "Chu people sold their pearls to Zheng, which were the cabinets of Mulan, smoked with cinnamon, decorated with pearls and roses, featuring feather jade, and Zheng people bought them back. As predicate, object and attribute; Written in Zou Taofen's A Message from Zong Ping, he said, "Of course, in my humble opinion, I'm afraid' ~' has nothing to report. "Synonyms are putting the cart before the horse, putting the cart before the horse, and antonyms are negative wages in autumn. Therefore, in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a merchant in the State of Chu who specialized in selling jewelry. Once he went to Qi State to sell jewelry, which sold well for the sake of good business. Carve and decorate the box beautifully, so that the box will give off fragrance, and then put the jewelry in the box. A Zheng people saw the exquisite and beautiful box containing the orb. After asking the price, they bought one, opened the box, took out the treasure inside and gave it back to the jeweler. [Original] Some Chu people carved a boat for a sword, and the sword fell into the water from the boat. (From Lv Chunqiu Cha Jin) A Chu man was crossing the river by boat when his sword fell into the water, so he carved a mark on the side of the boat and said, "This is where my sword fell. When the ship landed, he jumped into the water from the marked place to look for the sword. The ship has gone a long way, but the sword hasn't gone. Finding the sword is not like this. 1. Complete the sentence and add punctuation.
7. Find some parrots with idioms and fables (classical Chinese) and meaningful translations to put out the fire.
brief introduction
Legend of China. One day, a parrot flew to another hill to live, where animals and animals lived together in a friendly way, just like a happy family. Although the parrot liked the mountain very much, it returned to its hometown. A few months later, a fire broke out on the mountain. The parrot saw it, dipped its feathers in the water, flew up into the sky, and threw water between the feathers to put out the fire. So repeated, not bitter. The gods laughed at it for being stupid. How could a drop of water fall? However, parrots still insist on doing so. God was moved by its sincerity, so it rained heavily and put out the fire on the mountain. (> Volume 9 1 citation >)
original text
Parrots fly to other mountains, and all the animals in the mountains love each other. The parrot said to himself, although this mountain is happy, it is not where I have lived for a long time, so I went. Animals are reluctant to part. A few months later, a big fire broke out in the mountains. The parrot saw it from a distance and dipped it in water. God said, "You mean well, He Zudao?" He said: "Although I know that just a drop of water can't be saved, I think living abroad is a mountain, and animals are good brothers. I can't bear to see them destroyed by the fire. " The gods respect their righteousness and put out their fire. [ 1]
To annotate ...
1 set: Habitat
② What: All the time.
3 precious: respect it; Phase: refers to parrots.
4 wet feather: wet feather.
5 taste: once.
⑥ Expatriate: Living.
All landowners do good: do good.
8 Jia: Do more beautiful things and praise more, such as being a guest. Feel good: praise and moved.
9 go: leave.
translate
A parrot flew to a mountain and got along well with all the birds and animals on the mountain. The parrot thought: although I am very happy, it is not the place where I live for a long time. So I left. Later, a few months later, a fire broke out in the mountains. When the parrot saw it from a distance, it flew into the water, wetted its feathers and flew to the mountain to sprinkle water (put out the fire). God said, "Although you have ambition, your strength is insignificant." The parrot replied, "although I know I can't put out the fire, I used to live in this mountain." Birds and animals in the mountains are very kind to me. They are all my brothers. I can't bear to see them. " The gods praised and moved their loyalty, and immediately helped the parrot put out the fire with rain.
meaning
1. Don't be ungrateful. When you see that people who have helped you before are in trouble, you should give them help. The power of the people is enormous.