Gems generally refer to those raw materials that are suitable for polishing or carving into jewelry or handicrafts. So?

Chalcedony is transparent or translucent, and its composition is SiO2, and its hardness is 7. There are meat red, light red, dark green, blood red and so on. Opaque is agate.

Jasper is deposited from siliceous materials. Its chemical composition is silicon dioxide and contains ferric oxide. Because it contains iron, various colors often appear. Its dark green is very similar to dark green chalcedony, dense and opaque.

Amber is composed of hydrocarbons C 10H 16O. It is amorphous, transparent to translucent, reddish brown, with a hardness of 2-2.5, and can generate electricity by friction.

Malachite is composed of Cu2OH2CO3, which is formed by copper-bearing minerals under the action of carbonic acid and water. Its luster is like a diamond, its color is green, and it occasionally twists the peacock's tail.

Diamond, also known as King Kong, commonly known as Jin Gangzuan, diamond or diamond, is an allotrope of carbon with a hardness of 10, which is the hardest among minerals. Synthetic diamonds are also called synthetic diamonds.

Corundum is a transparent crystal with a hardness of 9, second only to diamond. Its main component is Al2O3, and some are colorless, red, blue and Xing Cai. Colorless and transparent is also called white jade; The blue color of Ti = 4 * Rome IV or Fe = 2 * Rome II and Fe = 3 * Rome III is called sapphire, also called sapphire; The red color of Cr = 3 * Rome III is called ruby, also called ruby; Xing Cai's face is also known as the jewel of Xing Cai.

Beryl, also known as emeralds and emeralds, is a transparent to translucent crystal with a hardness of 7, mostly emeralds, light green, colorless or blue, yellow, white and pink, and its main component is 3BeO Al2O3 6SiO2. Among them, the green color with CrO3 is called green column jade, also called emerald or emerald; Iron is transparent blue and is called aquamarine; Rose containing cesium is called rose soul beryl.

Topaz, also known as topaz, looks like crystal, often yellow and transparent, with a hardness of 8. Its main chemical components are Al2 [SiO2] F and OH2.

Jadeite and nephrite, commonly known as jadeite, are composed of NaAlSiO32, which is crystalline or dense, with thick green, light green or white. Green jade is often called jadeite, which is slightly transparent and has a hardness of 6.5 ~ 7, and is more difficult to dissolve than nephrite. The composition of nephrite is CaMg, Fe3SiO34, and its hardness is 5.5 ~ 6.

Garnet is a fluorosilicate with unknown composition, and its molecular formula is as follows: O3. 3SO2, where R represents calcium, magnesium, iron or manganese, and also represents aluminum, iron, chromium or cobalt, has a hardness of 6.5-7.5, is transparent to slightly transparent, sometimes has abnormal optical properties, is birefringent, and has beautiful color translation. The composition of Fe3Al2Si3O 12 is called Guigarnet, which is usually red or pink with a slightly black appearance.

Opal contains water and silica, and its hardness is not as good as that of time. Its surface is often grape-shaped, with white ash, yellow brown and other colors, shiny like fat or pearls, opaque to slightly transparent. If it is beautiful, often red or green, with strong luster, and its cross section can show various beautiful colors, it is often called precious opal.

The crystal is hexagonal columnar pure-time crystal, colorless and transparent, with large refractive index. The internal mechanism is that those with smoky pottery color are called smoky crystals, commonly known as tea crystals, and those with black color are smoky crystals, commonly known as ink crystals. Nitrogen-containing organic matter is brown or yellow, which is called brown timely or topaz. Those with manganese and purple are called amethysts.

Jewelry maintenance

1. Don't wear jewelry when exercising or doing heavy work, so as to avoid irreparable damage caused by collision. Even in daily wear, we should pay attention to avoid wear and sudden blows, otherwise it will damage even the most difficult gemstones to wear.

2. When storing jewelry, store the jewelry in a box or soft cloth so that it won't come into contact with other jewelry. Most precious stones are harder than gold, silver and platinum. If they are not placed separately, they may scratch the surface of other jewelry.

3. When wearing jewelry, pay attention to check it once a month. If the inlay is loose, it should be repaired in time.

4. Wearing jewelry after modification and makeup can prevent hair gel or cosmetics from damaging jewelry, thus maintaining its color.

Jewelry will lose its luster when it is stained with oil and sweat secreted by the human body. So if you wear it often, clean it once a month.

6. Professional care: Normal wearing and pulling will eventually soften the metal parts such as claws of jewelry. Therefore, it is a good way to go to a jewelry store and ask a professional to check your jewelry once every six months. When necessary, professionals can repair claws, ring handles and buckles of necklaces, and reshape deformed rings. Professionals can also professionally clean your jewelry when handling it. If the gem is damaged in daily wear, it can also be polished according to your requirements.