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Brief introduction of Du Xunhe
Du Xunhe

Du Xunhe (about 846-906) was born in Jiuhua Mountain. Han nationality was born in Shidai, Chizhou (now shitai county, Anhui). He was born in poverty and a scholar in middle age. He has not been appointed as an official, but he has returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. Zhu Wen once praised poetry, and later Zhu Wen took the Tang Dynasty as a bachelor of Hanlin, knowing the imperial edict, so he entered the History of the Old Five Dynasties in Liang Shu (Volume 23 of the History of the Old Five Dynasties and Biography of Liang Shu 13).

He described himself as "the poem did not forget to save things" ("Self-report"), so he made a lot of reflections on the chaos and darkness in the late Tang Dynasty and the people's suffering caused by it. For example, widows in the mountains have no way to avoid the levy, officers and men search for jewels and kill civilians, and even demolish ancient temples and dig graves in Rebellion in the County; The cruelty of the cruel officials and the resentment of the county people in Re-passing through Hucheng County are the true portrayal of social life in this period. His poems are also plain and simple, all modern poems, but they are also shallow and not durable. He claims to be bitter, but technically, it is not necessarily so. Weng Fanggang didn't agree with Cang Hua, and said in Zhou Shi Shi Hua: Xian Tong's ten philosophers all lacked character and Du Xunhe, which made Yan Canglang's eyes one, and it was also very simple. Tiaoxi fishing seclusion from Conghua leads to shogunate strictness, also known as vulgarity, but palace ci was first created in Tang Dynasty.

Chinese name: Du Xunhe.

Alias: Zi, born in Jiuhua Mountain.

Nationality: China Tang Dynasty

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Birthplace: Chizhou Times (now Shitai, Anhui)

Date of birth: about 846 years.

Date of death: about 907 years.

Occupation: Tang Dynasty poet

Masterpiece: Collected Works of Du Xunhe, 3 volumes.

outline

Du Xunhe was born in poverty. He tried several times in Chang 'an, but he never came back to the mountain. He came home from Chang 'an when Huang Chao's army swept across Shandong and Henan. Since then, I have lived a life of "I have been in the smoke for fifteen years" ("Going out to see senior officials after the chaos") and "I am willing to learn from the world and I am happy to climb mountains" ("Working in the mountains after the chaos"). Wen gave him the title of Shangshu in the Ministry of Rites, and in the second year of Zhongshun (89 1), he was a scholar of the Eighth Middle School (the Record of Lessons). The following year, due to political turmoil, Tian returned to the old mountain and was in Xuanzhou. He attaches great importance to him and takes it as his career. Three years later (903), Tian rebelled against Yang Xingmi and sent him to Daliang to contact Zhu Wen. Tian _ defeated, Zhu Wen recommended him, awarded the academician bachelor, and Yuan Wailang, the host and guest, died of serious illness on the 10th. Tang Feng Ji was published in Jiguge in Ming Dynasty. Liu's best friend compiled the suicide note of the sage in Guichi with an addendum. From 65438 to 0959, the Shanghai editor of Zhonghua Book Company took Liu's engraving as the base edition, supplemented and sorted out the whole Tang poetry, compiled the Poems of Du Xunhe, and published it together with Nie's Poems. In the early Qing Dynasty, there was another Complete Works of 100 Poets in the Tang Dynasty, named Collected Works of Du Xunhe. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied the Song and Shu versions of Collected Works of Du Xunhe.

Brief introduction to life

Zhu Wen named him the history of does, and in the second year of Zhongshun (89 1), he was the eighth scholar (Record of Classes). The following year, due to political turmoil, Tian returned to the old mountain and was in Xuanzhou. He attaches great importance to him and takes it as his career. Three years later (903), Tian rebelled against Yang Xingmi and sent him to Daliang to contact Zhu Wen. Tian _ was defeated and died. Zhu Wen recommended him and made him a bachelor of Hanlin and foreign minister as the guest of honor. He was very ill and died in ten days. His poems are popular in language and fresh in style, which was later called "Du Xunhe Style". Some of his works reflect the social contradictions and people's tragic experiences in the situation of military and political melee at the end of the Tang Dynasty, which was outstanding at that time and palace ci was also famous.

According to legend, Du Xunhe is the son of a concubine of Du Mu. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhou Bida thought it was a story made up in Poems of Two Old Chapters. He first quoted the story in Chi Yang Ji: "This matter is unknown. I have been to Chizhou and tasted a poem:' Du Mu's poems are as good as Du Jun's. I have always liked Tang Fengji (Du Xunhe's poetry anthology) a little, and now I know that Fan Chuan (Du Mu's name) is my father. ""Then Zhou Bida said his attitude: "What kind of language is it? Prove it. It is unbearable to denigrate Fan Chuan, especially for Yu. Yang Jiashu once quoted Taiping Dujiapu to distinguish it, which was very contemptuous. " Chi Yangji has been lost today. Even according to Yu Jiaxi's textual research, the previous Chiyang story was compiled by Fan Zhiming. Even if the author of "The Story of Chiyang" and the previous "The Story of Chiyang" are the same person, Fan Zhiming is at least a figure 200 years later and around the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Moreover, Zhou Bida also told us that there were credible records in Du Family Tree of Taiping at that time, which proved that Du Mu's claim that he was a concubine was not credible. As for Du Mu's so-called poem "A Xuan of Poetry": "A son must remember his words when he is boasting. Changlin is in charge of idle wind and moon, and Zeng Jia belongs to Duyun. " What is even more ridiculous is that it appeared in Chizhou Dizhi in the Ming Dynasty. Born in poverty. I took several exams in Chang 'an and never went back to the mountain. He came home from Chang 'an when Huang Chao's army swept across Shandong and Henan. Since then, I have lived a life of "I have been in the smoke for fifteen years" ("Going out to see senior officials after the chaos") and "I am willing to learn from the world and I am happy to climb mountains" ("Working in the mountains after the chaos").

Du Xunhe is brilliant, and his career has never paid off, but he enjoys a high reputation in the poetry circle and is unique and good at palace ci. For a long time, in the embrace of Jiuhua Mountain, there are many poems chanting the face of Jiuhua Mountain, which have distinct colors of the times. The book Jiuhua's Old Residence in Autumn was written by a guest living in a foreign country, revealing the feelings of abandoning his official position and retiring to Jiuhua and the pain of being in a foreign land. Poems such as The Feeling of Returning to Jiuhua from Jiangxi, The Village with a Title to Live in and The Widow in the Mountain reveal the gloom of social politics, the cruelty of cruel officials, the struggle of warlords and the struggle of the people, and reflect the sufferings and aspirations of the people, which is a true portrayal of social life at that time.

Du Xunhe took poetry as his career all his life, and his famous poem "Complaints about the Spring Palace" symbolized his unexpected talent with the unfortunate life experience of maids, which showed the author's superb artistic means. However, the main achievement of Du Xunhe's poetry lies in a few works that sympathize with people's sufferings. There are two world banks, one named Widow in the Mountain and the other named Village after Rebellion, which profoundly depicts the heavy suffering brought by the war to the rural people. Comrade Lubo encountered rebellion in the county town and exposed the crime of robbery in the local buffer region. In the poet's works, the miserable life of the people in those years when Huang Chao was suppressed was reproduced. This kind of poems take the form of metrical poems and quatrains, which are not bound by metrical poems, and the language is fresh and popular, refreshing and powerful. There are photocopies of Du Xunhe's Collected Works, and Song and Shu engravings.

Characteristics of works

abstract

Du Xunhe was a famous realistic poet in the late Tang Dynasty. He advocates that poetry should inherit the elegant tradition and oppose glitz. His poems are simple and natural, simple and clear, fresh and elegant. He is the author of Tang Feng Ji (volume 10), three of which are included in the whole Tang poetry.

Detailed comments

Du Xunhe, the poet's nature, natural good Yin Fu, works like this self-chanting:

"Nobody talks, but I like singing." (Living in the Mountains)

"No pains are spared, and there will be mistakes in the straight road." ("From Uncle")

"Scholars on the rivers and lakes are the poorest in the world." ("Living in the suburbs is the most important thing")

"It's not business, it's all busy." ("Friends in the Mountains")

"Childhood seclusion poetry, the article hate don't blame. There is no time to complain, and Fahua has a long time. " ("Vote for Dr. Li")

"I am ashamed that poetry is everywhere, but I think poetry is weird." (Xu Yin) Second, many problems have given monks and monasteries seclusion. Have a certain understanding and yearning for Buddhism. Third, don't deliberately avoid heavy words in sentences.

"Drink enough and then advise you to drink, and advise Jun Jun not to quit." ("Send someone to visit Jiangnan")

"Today's topic is similar. I don't know who will ask after the topic." (Dwarf Trees in the Upper Courtyard of Tiwa Coffin Temple)

"If you get a blessing, you will have a place. You can't take it for granted all your life." ("Cast as Assistant Minister Chang Pei")

"It's sunny in the morning and sad at night. Don't be sad, flowers bloom early and fall, and sorrow is like a flower. " ("Spring funeral march")

Fourth, be poor all your life, be inspirational and eager to learn. "Poverty" often appears in poetry. "It takes a long time to learn, and learning to be poor is better than learning to be poor."

5. Looking at his poems comprehensively, his achievements are average, because he keeps poverty and enjoys happiness, and he also gets the real interest of poetry. Although it is inevitable to worry, it is also human nature.

The theme of poetry can be divided into three categories, each with a different style. A large number of five laws describing the seclusion of mountains and forests pursue the realm of dryness, silence and coldness, which is similar to the style of Jia Daoism in the late Tang Dynasty. Han is a poet of literary school and business school, and their erotic poems are almost gorgeous; The representative work "Hating the Spring Palace" symbolizes that palace maids have no talent, and the palace words are the first in the Tang Dynasty. It's quite famous that the weather is beautiful and the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant. It is said that there are 300 poems by Du Fu, all of which are in a couplet. What established Du Xunhe's position in the history of literature was his poems that reflected reality and sympathized with the sufferings of the lower classes. "Two World Banks" (a widow in the mountains, meeting the forest after troubled times) and the village where the subject lives describe the rural depression caused by the war; "Re-crossing Hucheng County" denounced the killing of officials and promotion; "Comrade Lubo meets county rebellion" refers to the ambition of the buffer region to take advantage of the chaos to support troops; "Silkworm Girl" and "Tian Weng" expose the disaster brought by heavy taxes to the people; The unbalanced class opposition exposed in Snow reveals the essence of the social reality in the troubled times of the late Tang Dynasty from different aspects. With short stories, this kind of poetry concentrates deep sympathy on reality and people's sufferings, makes good use of contrast, and the language is fresh, popular and vigorous, which inherits the tradition of new Yuefu poems such as Bai Juyi and has creative development. Yan Yu's Cang Shi Lang Dialect lists Du Xunhe's style. There are three volumes of Tang Fengji, which are poems written by the poet himself, and there are more than 300 poems, all of which are quatrains.

Literary contribution

Du Xunhe (about 846 ~ 906) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Yan Zhi,No. Jiuhuashan. Chizhou era (now Shitai, Anhui) was born. Born in poverty. According to legend, when Du Mu was the secretariat of Chizhou in the last years of Huichang, his concubine Cheng became pregnant and was chased by Du's wife. She married Zheng in Changlin Township and gave birth to Xun He (Zhou Bida's Poems in Erlaotang and Ji Yougong's Chronicle of Tang Poetry). I studied in Jiuhua Mountain in my early years and became friends with Gu Yun and Yin Wengui. At the age of seven, he made his mark. I took several exams in Chang 'an and never went back to the mountain. I have also been to Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan and other places. He came home from Chang 'an when Huang Chao's army swept across Shandong and Henan. Since then, I have lived in Luo Yan for fifteen years ("Going out to see senior officials after the chaos") and lived a life of "sweet articles and rich cultivation" ("Working in the mountains after the chaos"). The following year, due to political turmoil, Tian returned to the old mountain and was in Xuanzhou. He attaches great importance to him and takes it as his career. Three years later (903), Tian rebelled against Yang Xingmi and sent him to Daliang to contact Zhu Wen. Tian _ defeated, Zhu Wen recommended him, awarded the academician bachelor, and Yuan Wailang, the host and guest, died of serious illness on the 10th. Because in the later period, I took refuge in Zhu Wen, and my ambition was to clear my name, and I abandoned the middle way (Record of Information Courses), which is regrettable for the current theory.

Du Xunhe took poetry as his career all his life, but at first he said that a hundred years was meaningless, and it was difficult to teach him not to recite poetry for a day ("leave it for autumn first"). When he first took office, he edited his poems into three volumes of Tang Feng Ji, with more than 300 poems, all of which were metrical poems and quatrains.

There are generally three schools of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty: one is the school of rites, which is famous for its gorgeous appearance, represented by Han _; Second, Jia Daoism, represented by Dong Li and others, is characterized by coldness, thinness and bitterness; Third, it pays attention to reflecting social reality and people's livelihood, and inherits the mantle of Bai Yuan New Yuefu represented by Pi Rixiu and others; Du Xunhe, who claims to be a bitter poet in the Jianghu and the poorest in the world, has preserved nearly 65,438+030 poems with five rhythms ("Living in the suburbs is about Li"), among which the works that express the life and quiet realm in the mountains basically belong to Jia Dao School. It's not that he can't write a poem in the style of arts and sciences, which is listed in the famous work "Hating the Spring Palace" at the front of Tang Fengji. It is said that the palace ci was the first in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a saying that there were 300 ci poems by Du Fu, but there was only one couplet: the wind was sunny, the birds were singing and the shadows were crawling. The figurative technique that symbolizes the bad luck of ladies-in-waiting shows the author's superb artistic skills. However, the main achievement of Du Xunhe's poetry is that there are few works that sympathize with people's sufferings and connect with Bai Yuan's spirit.

Du Xunhe claimed that the theme of his poems failed to save the world (self-report), which is also called saying that it is related to current affairs, and the chapter sees the national wind (Mid-Autumn Festival in the mountains). Therefore, he dedicated the poem "Travel in the World" to Zhu Wen. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems for the monarch, ministers, people, things and things, and there was no difference. Two World Bank poems entitled "Widows in Mountain Villages after Rebellion" profoundly depict the image of rural people who have suffered from war. "Re-crossing Hucheng County" and "Village where the subject lives" denounced a group of officials who started by killing people. Comrade Lubo encountered rebellion in the county town and exposed the crime of robbery in the local buffer region. In the poet's pen, it reproduces the miserable world of people's painful life in those years when Huang Chao was suppressed. In addition, such as Silkworm Girl, Injured Shixia County Disease, Tian Weng, etc., all reflect that people are deeply exploited by taxes. Snow and Snow in the Mountain vividly reflect the inequality of class opposition.

The writing characteristics of this kind of poems are different from the new Yuefu from Bai Yuan to Pi Rixiu. It uses the form of metrical poems and quatrains, is not bound by metrical rhythm, compactly compresses the broad realm in a very short range, and often uses sharp contrast and in-depth writing techniques to make the works full of appeal. The language is fresh and popular, fresh and powerful, which also shows that it can break through the style of contemporary China poetry and has innovative spirit. Yan Yu listed Du Xunhe's poetic style in Cang Shi Lang Petrified Body, which shows that his poetic style had a certain influence at that time. However, some commentators denounced it as vulgar (the previous episode of Tiaoxi Fishing and Conceiving Conghua was quoted from the Record of the Shogunate's Yan Xian), and it was also extremely simple and easy to do (Weng Fanggang's Zhou Shi Shi Hua), meaning that "people below the late Tang Dynasty are the Chinese language of the next dominant population" (Yang Shen's Sheng An Shi Hua).

Tang Feng Ji was published in Jiguge in Ming Dynasty. A close friend Liu compiled the suicide note of the sage in Guichi, with addendum 1 volume. From 65438 to 0959, the Shanghai editor of Zhonghua Book Company took Liu's engraving as the base edition, supplemented and sorted out the whole Tang poetry, compiled the Poems of Du Xunhe, and published it together with Nie's Poems. In the early Qing Dynasty, there was another Complete Works of 100 Poets in the Tang Dynasty, named Collected Works of Du Xunhe. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied the Song and Shu versions of Collected Works of Du Xunhe. For his deeds, see Sun Guangxian's Notes on Northern Dreams, He Guangyuan's Notes on Lessons, Liang Shu's History of the Old Five Dynasties, Chronicle of Tang Poems and Talented Persons of Tang Dynasty.

Buddha Shi Fo's theory

Many of Du Xunhe's poems are inscribed with Buddhist monks, some of which can be seen in the situation of Buddhism at that time, such as:

Idle two people made Zen and despised each other, so they solved it.

If you teach someone how to do something, Zen and its laws will lead to ignorance.

The rosary is worn in the hand and the shawl is worn out.

Outside the image, space is separated from the external image, and there is nothing inside.

With or without poor teachers, the mountains are flat and the seas are dry. The main idea of the poem is to say free, free, free. The second division will argue about empty space and its existence until the seas run dry and the rocks crumble.

"Zen is light" is actually a struggle between Zen and religion. Since the rise of Zen Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty, when the enlightenment method of "that is, the mind is the Buddha" and "not establishing Buddhism, but becoming a Buddha by seeing nature" was revealed, it naturally caused internal disputes among various factions under the teachings, and it was thought that three monks robbed you of becoming a Buddha. In fact, Zen does not pay attention to the understanding of doctrine. The so-called "straight-to-the-point understanding of Mense" is based on the wonderful understanding of Sophora flavescens, so it is called the Epiphany Practitioner. After teaching, it is important to understand the teaching method, starting from the solution, step by step and gradually realize it. In fact, the fate of the two factions is the same, but because of the different roots of practitioners, the delay time is different. There is a saying in Zongmen: the general principle of Zongtong teaches that after Zongtong, no teaching is unreasonable; On the other hand, the general practitioner is not necessarily a general practitioner, and may even become an obstacle to the general practitioner, because all the teachings, in the view of Zen, are "play theory", "golden sands are expensive, but their eyes are blind". Therefore, in judging religion, Zen is the first of all religions, because it represents the Buddha's heart, and all the factions it teaches represent the Buddha's words, which are essentially the same.

Among Du Fu's poems, there is a poem named Tijiang Temple Zen Harmony. The first four sentences also show some signs of the development of Zen in the late Tang Dynasty:

Jiang Si Zen is like enlightenment Zen, and Mao Xuan lives in rags.

It's nonsense to ask the benefactor to fix the true image and turn over the books.

The so-called sharing of all saints, mixed dragons and dragons, and golden beaches have led to many empty failures in the later development of Zen. Religion and religion are spread by Buddha, so there are two differences. If "turning over the scriptures is nonsense", it means that these Zen and Buddhism are not "like realizing Zen", but are just corrupting Buddhism. The so-called "lion eats its own meat" is the truth.

Beg for office

Zhu Wen, whose real name is Zhu Quanzhong, was originally General Huang Chao, then surrendered to the imperial court, served as an official in Fengxiang, Jingnan, Wuding and Zhaowu, and later proclaimed himself emperor. He is overbearing and kills people without blinking an eye. He is a famous butcher emperor. People compare him to a tiger. If people around him go against his wishes a little, Zhu Wen will kill them at once. It is said that when his officials are on duty every day, they must say goodbye to their families first and prepare for death. Going home in the evening, the whole family congratulated each other and passed another day. His guests also suffered in this cold day. Du Xunhe went to Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and presented the song "A Journey to the World" 10 to Zhu Wen, hoping that he would save the corvee and save his collection. In a monk's temple, Zhu Wen's subordinates respected Xiang, and advised him to "cut the ancient style and get into the body". Therefore, Du Xunhe's Ode to De is thirty years to please Yu Wen ("Lessons"). Zhang Qixian is the Prime Minister of Song Zhenzong. He wrote in "Old News of Luoyang Gentry": Du Xunhe entrusted his eulogy poem to him and expressed his willingness to meet him. Relevant officials conveyed this to him, but Zhu Wen didn't seem to hear it, so Du Xunhe lived in Daliang for several months and was in a dilemma.

It turns out that as long as someone asks for Zhu Wen, if they have signed up, but have never seen him, if one day Zhu Wen wants to see this person and he is not there, he will hold the relevant officials accountable and sometimes lose his head. Therefore, these people who come to see you can't leave even if they haven't seen each other for half a year. Some guests are trapped in the guest house, have no money, no clothes, are hungry and cold, and the person in charge also wants him not to leave, otherwise he will be offended. So Du Xunhe went to see the guests every day, waiting for Zhu Wen's interview.

One morning, Zhu Wen asked in the room, "Where is Du Xunhe?" About a: "In the guest house." Send someone to find Du Xunhe at once, and Du Xunhe galloped there on horseback. I haven't seen Zhu Wen for a long time. At this moment, a group of people suddenly came. Zhu Wen kept them until noon, and Zhu Wen went home. Du Xunhe said to the officials, "I am hungry and want to go back." Those people set the food for him and said, "Uncle, please help us!"! If the king comes out to see you and you go back, it will be too late for us to beg for death! " .

Zhu Wen did come out before evening. Sit there and let his people get the dice. After I brought it, I left it there, as if I were divining something. It seems that he is unhappy, sometimes angry, and sometimes people who see him many times. His men were too scared to go out into the air, as if they were about to go through fire and water. After a while, he took the dice and shouted, "Du Xunhe!" Throw it down. All six are red. He shouted, "Bad scholars!"

After Du Xunhe came in, Zhu Wen motioned for him to approach, and Du Xunhe immediately ran to the steps to salute. Zhu Wen said: "A scholar may not salute." Du Xunhe mew mew again and again, sweating with fear, and thanked him again and again, so he sat down dejectedly and trembled. Zhu Wen said slowly, "I've heard a lot about a scholar." Hearing this, Du Xunhe wanted to walk down the steps to thank humbly. Zhu Wen said, "No need." So he bowed again and sat down. At this moment, Zhu Wen looked around and said, "It seems to rain, doesn't it?" He raised his hand as a sign to the person standing next to him. It is raining outside. Zhu Wen looked up at the sky. At this time, there was no cloud in the sky, but it rained heavily and made a loud noise on the window eaves. He stood up by himself, looked at the rain outside the window for a long time, sat down and said to Du Xunhe, "Scholar, have you ever seen cloudless rain in Wan Li?" Du Xunhe said, No, Zhu Wen said with a smile, "This is the so-called cloudless rain in Wan Li, which is called crying. I don't know what constellation it is? " Laughing again, the people around you suddenly became frightened to disgrace and sweated.

After a long time, Zhu Wen slowly said to the people around him, "Bring a pen and paper and ask the scholar to write Kubinashi's poems about sex." Du Xunhe began to sit facing Zhu Wen, as if sitting on hot coals; He was asked to write another poem, but he dared not refuse. He immediately wrote a poem on his seat. Zhu Wen was overjoyed and immediately asked the guests to drink together. It was not until midnight that he ended the party very happily. He also specially arranged for people around him: "A banquet will be held tomorrow to entertain Du Xiucai." Du Xunhe thanked him and left. It turned out that his poem was written like this: "The same thing is different, and the rain flies in the sun gear. If you teach Yin Lang to be similar, you will try your best to show the merits of Damon Liang. " It means that because of Liang Wang's good luck, it never rains (actually it rains under the sun). Plain flattery won Zhu Wen's heart.

Du Xunhe also won the favor of Zhu Wen. However, after Du Xunhe finally returned to the hostel that day, he fell ill in fear and had diarrhea dozens of times overnight. He couldn't move in bed and almost died. Officials looked at his hot water and medicine as if they were waiting for their parents. Before getting up the next morning, another official came to urge him and said, Your Majesty wants to see the scholar, please get on the horse at once! Du Xunhe had to freshen up and get on the horse. By the time he arrived, the person who urged him had already met Liu Qipai. After Du Xunhe's illness, he was sleepy, weak, trembling and slow to move. Zhu Wen personally stood up to meet him and said, "Du Xiucai tried his best to show the goodness of Liang Wang"? Du Xunhe immediately forgot the symptoms, stepped forward and made four bows to Zhu Wenlian, acting like a normal person.

So Zhu Wen specially gave him a name, and Du Xunhe won the eighth Jinshi ("Lessons"). It's good for him to give him clothes, money and things. Later, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin and a foreign minister. Unfortunately, Du Xunhe "took advantage of the situation to insult the gentry, and the public was angry and wanted to kill them." As a result, "he was seriously ill and died in ten days." People were ashamed to associate with them at that time. "Du Xunhe flatters Zhu Wen, and his character is even more despicable." (Yang Shihua Deyu)

Poetry appreciation

Du Xunhe

Qiu Si in central Fujian.

Autumn rain turns the color of trees pale yellow, and the wind blows on the golden leaves, and the wind is rustling. To the north of central Fujian is a rough sea. Drawing is easy, it is hard to go.

This poem describes autumn scenery in central Fujian, laments that the roads in central Fujian are difficult and dangerous, and twists and turns express travelers' homesickness. The first two sentences of the poem are close-ups, "purple chrysanthemum clusters" point to autumn, and chrysanthemums are moist and gorgeous after the rain. The description of chrysanthemum here shows the static color of autumn, and under the blowing of autumn wind, "red banana leaves" sway and rustle, and write the dynamic sound of autumn. The description of plants in these two sentences captures the warm and rainy characteristics of the south, and the scenery thus displayed is also beautiful. The third sentence begins with a macro view of the whole landscape in central Fujian. "The mountains in the north and the sea in the south" very succinctly captures the geographical characteristics of Fujian. The whole northwest of Fujian is a rugged mountain range, while the southeast is a vast coastline, facing the rough sea. The mountains and seas are both opposite and connected, with great momentum and magnificent scenery. These three poems describe the beautiful and magnificent landscape features in central Fujian from both micro and macro perspectives. The conclusion suddenly turns, lamenting that "the picture is not enough" and expressing people's inner feelings during the journey. From the difficulty of the journey, homesickness has been implied, which is implicit and thought-provoking.

Traveling to Hunan with friends at the end of winter.

Where is the best place to go boating with residual wax? Xiaoxiang is the most popular singer. The fish bought on the boat is beautiful, and the wine tastes twice as good when it comes back from the snow.

Night apes crow at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, and geese know that spring is near Hengyang. With you, you can choose mountains and rivers, and you can choose the hometown of the new poet.

This poem describes the winter scenery of Xiangjiang River, and the picture is very vivid. It's beautiful to buy fish by boat. At that time, the folk customs were simple, and there were many fishing boats fishing along the Xiangjiang River. The boiled fish in the river tastes better. This heavy snow is especially worth it. Waking up in the wine village, tasting fish and drinking wine, and reciting poems to the snow is a charming folk picture. However, the poet changed his pen, borrowed the scenery, and then expressed his feelings. In the face of the troubled times of the late Tang Dynasty, the people were in trouble, and he was wandering in a foreign land, and his family was surrounded by walls. How meaningful it is to sum up with "apes cry under the moon at night" But he still has illusions about the future and hopes to live and work in peace and contentment. It is natural and harmonious to use "the wild goose crosses the spring and approaches Hengyang" and combine the characteristics of place names to entrust complex and contradictory feelings.

Widows in the mountains

Because of the soldiers, the husband clung to Mao Peng and his linen clothes were burned. Mulberry and philosopher still pay taxes, and they are still seeking seedlings after the rural famine.

When picking wild vegetables and roots for cooking, spin raw wood and burn leaves. If you are in a deep mountain, you should also avoid the levy.

Poetry touches readers' heartstrings with emotion. The reason why Widow in the Mountain is touching lies in its strong emotional color. But poetry does not directly express feelings, but appeals to the description of the fate of the characters. The poet wrote the widow's sufferings to the extreme, created a strong tragic atmosphere, made the people's sufferings and the poet's feelings naturally revealed through the description of life scenes, and produced touching artistic effects.

Spring palace resentment

In the early years, I was misled by beauty and fell into the palace. I'm not too lazy to dress up in front of the mirror. Who can teach me to please a picky emperor?

The bird's song is broken, it is for the warm spring breeze; When the sun is at noon, the flower shadows will appear thick. I really miss my female companion in Yuexi Hu Sha every year; Song laughed and picked hibiscus casually.

This poem is narrative except for five or six sentences describing beautiful spring scenery. The first four sentences: I was called into the palace because of my beauty, and I was lonely from then on; The hero is too lazy to dress up because he is not loved. The last two sentences, from reality to memory. This poem describes the complex psychological activities of the imperial concubine who fell out of favor, combines "spring" with "palace resentment", and sets off her worries and grievances with beautiful spring scenery, which is quite inspiring. At the end, the happy scene of picking lotus flowers with hometown companions in front of the palace not only deepened the resentment against the life in the palace, but also expressed the poet's contempt for officialdom and yearning for free life.

Du Xunhe (about 846- 906) was born in Shidai, Chizhou (now Shitai, Anhui). Because I live in Jiuhua Mountain, I named it Jiuhua Mountain. There was a poem title a long time ago, but I tried again and again, during which I traveled to Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and Hunan. In the second year Dashun became a scholar. In the first year of Tianzhu, he was a distinguished guest, a foreign minister, a scholar and a bachelor of Hanlin. He wrote three volumes of Tang Fengji and recorded more than 300 poems, which were divided into two types: the beginning and the end. The Complete Tang Poetry consists of three volumes.

Hanging Li Hanlin via Castle Peak

The death of Mr. Tao is nothing. Mr. Tao is getting better. On a moonlit night, a poet of all ages.

Heaven and earth empty pin bone, reputation. Who moved Leiyang's tomb and came here to sing for the neighbors?

To annotate ...

This poem is selected from Complete Tang Poetry (69 1 volume).

What is the death of Mr. and what is the death of Mr.? ..

Leiyang Tomb: In the fifth year of Tang Dali (770), Du Fu died in Leiyang, Hunan, and was buried here. After Yuan Hezhong moved to Yueyang, he moved to shouyangshan, Yanshi, Henan. Some people in later generations think that Du Fu's burial in Leiyang is not credible, on the basis that Yuan Zhen's epitaph to Du Fu is not so. And Guo Moruo's Li Bai and Du Fu thinks that Du Fu really died in Leiyang because he was poisoned by eating cattle.

Qi chentao

The Ministry of Industry was injured at the foot of Leiyang Mountain, and the Hanlin was hung by the quarrying river. The solitary graves in the two places are three feet each, but they have become refreshing.

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This poem is selected from Volume 305 of Wen Yuan Huaying. Chen Tao, a native of Jianpu (now Nanping, Fujian) in the Southern Tang Dynasty, was named Song Bo. Sheng Yuanzhong lived in seclusion in the western hills of Hongzhou, taking alchemy as a matter and calling himself three religions. I don't know what to do. The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty compiled two volumes of his poems.

The solitary graves in the two places refer to Du Fu's tomb at the foot of Leiyang Mountain and Li Bais Tomb by the quarrying river. During the Du Xunhe period, Du Fu's Tomb and Li Bais Tomb were no longer quarrying in Leiyang. This poem is to feel sad and sigh for the burial experience of Du Li, two great poets. Xu Yin

Xu Yin (date of birth and death unknown) was born in Putian (now Fujian). In the first year of Gan Yuan, he became a scholar and was awarded the provincial orthography secretary. After returning to Fujian, the king of Fujian became the minister in charge. Emperor Tang Zhuang ascended the throne, and the king of Fujian sent an envoy to congratulate him and retired to Yanshou River. His names are Xu Yin, Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty, Quantang Wen and The Ten Kingdoms in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the author of one volume of Xu Yin Fu, five volumes of Xu Yin Bieji and five volumes of Exploring Dragons. There are four volumes of Tang poetry and one volume of Tang literature.

Li Hanlin

Eight immortals were listed in Sanqing, and they were rewarded with a spoonful and a tripod. Singing lock and looking at the nearby sky,

Drunk in gold, waiting for leisure. The old hermit did not return to Liu Beiguo, and his soul was sent to thank him.

Left to fly Jane Ying, scattered into Xiangyun Ruiri.

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This poem is selected from the whole Tang Dynasty, with a volume of 700. Li Hanlin is Li Bai.

Liu Beiguo refers to Shu. Li Bai is from Shu.

The sentence of wandering souls refers to the death of Li Bai and the tomb of Qingshan. In the twelfth year of Tianbao, Qingshan was changed to Xiegong Mountain.

Komatsu

I grew up with thorns and grass, and now I have the feeling of Artemisia selengensis.

Those trees that don't recognize that they can soar into the sky, until it enters the sky, people say it is tall.