According to the World Urbanization Prospect Report released by the United Nations in 20 14, Mumbai has a population of 2 1 10,000, making it the second most populous city in India (second only to New Delhi, the capital of India with a population of 25 million). On Mumbai Island, which is 0/6 km away from the coast/Kloc-,there is a bridge connected with the causeway. Mumbai was occupied by Portugal in 1534 and handed over to Britain in 166 1, becoming an important trade center in Asia. Mumbai is located on Salsater Island off the west coast of Maharashtra, facing the Arabian Sea. Mumbai port is a natural deep-water port, which bears more than half of India's passenger traffic and has a considerable cargo throughput. Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India, with important financial institutions, such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Mumbai Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India and the headquarters of many Indian companies. This city is the home base of Indian Hindi film and television industry (called Bollywood). Because of its huge business opportunities and relatively high living standards, Mumbai has attracted immigrants from all over India, making the city a hodgepodge of various social groups and cultures. By 20 15, the total population of Mumbai has reached 21040,000. Mumbai has several world cultural heritages, such as chhatrapati shivaji Pier and Elephant Island Grottoes. It is also a very rare city with a national park (Sanjay Gandhi National Park) in the world.
Basic introduction Chinese name: mbth, Mumbai: Mumbai administrative category: municipal district: Maharashtra, India: urban and suburban geographical location: north latitude 19 degrees, 73 degrees east longitude Area: 603.4Km2 Population: 2 1.04 million (20 15) Dialect: Marathi and Hindi Climate Conditions: Tropical monsoon climate Famous scenic spots: India Gate, Ajanta Grottoes, Elephant Island, etc. Airport: Jatrapati Shivaji International Airport Railway Station: Victoria Railway Purchasing Power. Introduction, climate, religion, transportation, airplanes, trains, buses, taxis, intercity trains, ships, public transportation, economy, media, culture, food, specialties, festivals, tourism, education, sports, city honor, and introduction of Mumbai (Mumbai,199516555) 1995165438+1On October 22nd, the Indian Federation decided to change its English spelling to "Mumbai". Mumbai is adjacent to the Arabian Sea. It was originally seven small islands in the Arabian Sea. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, the Sultan of Gujarat ceded this place to Portuguese colonists. 166 1 year as the dowry of the Portuguese princess to Britain. After continuous dredging and filling, it has become a peninsula, and bridges and long dikes have been built to connect with the mainland. The downtown area of Mumbai is backed by green hills and faces the sea. The vast seashore beaches and quiet street gardens make the city elegant and beautiful. On the crescent coast, new high-rise buildings and old buildings complement each other. At night, colorful lights and golden lights give Mumbai the reputation of "Queen's Necklace". The Victoria Garden in downtown Mumbai was built at 186 1. There is a zoo, Victoria and Alpine Museum and a big stone elephant digging in the garden. The "India Gate" on the Arabian Sea was built to commemorate King George V of England's visit to India in 19 1 1. This magnificent Gujarat building, with both Islamic and Hindu architectural features, has four towers at the top, which can be seen from a distance and has become a symbol of Mumbai. There are many precious paintings, porcelain, jade and pottery in the Prince of Wales Museum in the city. Mumbai Mumbai has not only Hindu temples, but also many mosques and Christian and Catholic churches, including Bablenat Temple near Jopati Beach, Jiang Mumu Johanna Budwig Temple in Bu Hules Wa Market and Mahal Sami Temple dedicated to the God of Wealth. There is also a cave temple built in the 7th century A.D., dedicated to Shiva, one of the three major Hindu gods, which is located on Erfan Island, 6 kilometers southeast of the city. Every year, when the monsoon changes and the rainy season is coming to an end, Hindus will go to Mumbai Bay, the birthplace of Elephant God (the God of Wisdom), to celebrate Elephant God Festival. Pilgrims paraded in the streets with images of Shiva, the goddess of snow mountain and their son, the elephant god, and reveled in it. Mumbai has the longest jewelry street in Asia, the "Gold Market Street", and there are many shops dealing in gold and silver jewelry. All kinds of gold and silver jewelry are displayed in a dazzling array of windows, and travelers and tourists coming in and out of Mumbai have to come here to choose one or two pieces of satisfactory jewelry. Mumbai is the birthplace of India's textile industry and one of the largest textile export ports in the world. Most of all kinds of Indian cloth and linen are exported from here. Mumbai is also the economic center and industrial base of India. The number of factories in Mumbai accounts for 15% of India, and textile mills account for 40%. Climate Most parts of Mumbai belong to tropical monsoon climate, which is influenced by monsoon, so there are obvious rainy and dry seasons. Moreover, in the north, there are tall Himalayas as a barrier to block the cold air from the north, making the temperature here higher than that in the same latitude area. The annual temperature in Mumbai is above 20℃, with rainy season from June to September and dry season from June to May. Mumbai is rainy, humid and sultry in summer, with a maximum temperature of 44℃ and a temperature of 25-30℃ in winter. Religion India has 10 large ethnic groups and many small ethnic groups. The population is 65,438 billion, ranking second in the world, second only to China. Large ethnic groups 10, with many small ethnic groups, among which Hinduism accounts for 46.3%, Telugu accounts for 8.6%, Bengali accounts for 7.7%, Marathi accounts for 7.6%, Tamil accounts for 7.4%, Gujarat accounts for 4.6%, Kannada accounts for 3.9%, Malayalam accounts for 3.9% and Oriya accounts for 3.9%. English and Hindi are official languages. About 83% of the residents believe in Hinduism, followed by Islam (1 1%), Christianity (2%), Sikhism (2%), Buddhism (1%) and Jainism (1%). For New Delhi, the capital of India, the biggest cultural feature may be the religious culture here. Indian civilization originated in the Indus Valley, which was called Indus Civilization in history. Later, the center of Indian civilization gradually moved to the Ganges River valley, and Brahmanism (the predecessor of Hinduism), Jainism and Buddhism rose one after another. In the history of India, India's religions and religious myths have been running through this ancient civilization and are still an integral part of all levels of Indian society. Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Buddhism with the largest number of followers are all concentrated in this country. Religion is not a "form" outside people, but deeply rooted in their lives, leading the belief in life and death within people. Influenced by religion, Indians have a traditional concept of cherishing life, and those who abide by religious teachings are really gentle, because both God's teachings and Gandhi's "non-violence" seem to be teaching Indians to face the world gently. And this religious thought is reflected in all aspects of people's lives. People sincerely believe in their respective religions and act according to religious teachings. From morning till night, from birth to death, Indians associate their every move with religion. Even in India's food culture, there is a deep religious consciousness. Both devout Buddhists and Hindus in India are vegetarians, while Jains are strict vegetarians, and vegetarians account for more than half of India's population. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that India is a vegetarian kingdom. Vegetarian culture is one of the most basic characteristics of Indian food culture. Mumbai is not only the largest international airport in southern India, but also has the busiest domestic flight routes, so there are many people at Mumbai airport every day. Mumbai's domestic routes can reach Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Jaipur and Kolkata. There are free buses to and from international and domestic terminals at the airport. The best way to travel between Mumbai and Mumbai airport is to take a taxi. There are prepaid booths at the airport, and the price is about 500 rupees. Tip: Be careful when taking a taxi at the airport. Some locals may take the initiative to help you with your luggage and put it in the car, and then ask for a baggage fee of 500 rupees. This is a common occurrence in Mumbai. Just say no. The two highest railway stations in Mumbai that train tourists can use are Central Railway Station and West Railway Station. The trains at the Central Railway Station are mainly heading east and south, and a few trains will be heading north. The station code is CST. There is a prepaid center near the railway station, where you can take a taxi. Foreigners can buy train tickets 60 days in advance at ticket counter 52. The western railway station mainly goes to the north, including Rajasthan and Delhi. The pre-sale center is opposite the church gate and the railway station. Buses Many private car companies operate long-distance buses to and from Mumbai, which are generally very comfortable and convenient to book tickets. For details, please call NationalTravels for the specific departure time and price. Cars bound for the south can be taken at AzardMaidan, and there is a ticket office next to the station. The coach between states departs from Mumbai's Central Station and belongs to Mumbai's Central Station. The car starting from here was initiated by a state-owned car company. It's cheap, but it's crowded. Taxi The taxi in Mumbai is an old-fashioned car with great feeling. Taxi is the most convenient and quick way to visit Mumbai. Taxi drivers and tuktuk drivers don't know all the street names in Mumbai, so it's better to tell them the landmarks nearby. Taxis are priced by looking at the chart carried by the driver. 1.6 kilometers is 13 rupees, and then 7 rupees per kilometer. There will be a 25% surcharge at midnight and early morning. Tips: Remember to negotiate the price when you take a taxi or Tuk Tuk, or let the driver hit the meter to avoid being cheated by dishonest drivers. Intercity train This is the most commonly used means of transportation for office workers in Mumbai. There are three main lines, namely, the west line, the middle line and the coastline. The west line is from the entrance of the church to the western suburbs, and the central main line is from CST to Byculla and Dadar Station. The fare from the church gate to Central Station is 5 rupees for second class and 4 1 rupee for first class. There is a female-only carriage in the front of the train. Because office workers in Mumbai will take this kind of train, so don't take the train during rush hour, it's very, very crowded. Mumbai MRT is the largest urban rail transit system in India, which started operation in June 20 14. At present, * * * owns 1 line and 12 station, with a total length of 1 1.4 km, and three other MRT lines are being planned. Ships PNP and MaldarCatamarans operate ferry routes, and they can take the ferry to Elephant Island and various beaches. Buses in Mumbai are suitable for short trips, and it only costs 3 rupees to walk around the south of Mumbai. Economic Mumbai provides 65,438+00% jobs in India, making a great contribution to tax revenue. 40% of India's income tax, 60% of tariffs and 20% of franchise tax are all contributed by Mumbai. A large number of Indian financial institutions have their headquarters in the southern district of Mumbai, and many foreign banks and financial institutions have also set up branches here. Mumbai is the largest cotton textile center in China, with more than 30% spindles and looms. In addition, wool spinning, leather, chemical, pharmaceutical, machinery, food, film and other industries also account for a certain proportion. Petrochemical, chemical fertilizer and nuclear power generation have also developed rapidly. The offshore development of continental shelf oil fields has promoted the rapid development of oil refining industry. Mumbai, known as the "cotton port", is the center of the textile industry in India. The cotton spinning industry is world-famous, and the number of yarns and looms accounts for 1/3 of the whole country. A large number of cotton yarns and cotton fabrics are produced every year and sold to India, Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Media There are many newspapers, TV stations and radio stations in Mumbai. The most popular English newspapers published in Mumbai are The Times of India and The Express of India. Marathi newspapers include Loksatta, Sacquard and Maharashtra Times. Besides, there are newspapers published in other Indian languages. Mumbai also has the oldest newspaper in India, Mumbai News, which was published in Gujarat and English from 1822. 1832, Mumbai also produced the first Marathi newspaper. Flumen TV, the national television broadcasting company, provides two free terrestrial channels, while three major cable TV networks serve most families, among which the more popular channels include Zee Marathi, DD Sahyadri, Zee TV, Star plus and some news channels. Through cable TV, families in Mumbai can receive more than 100 TV channels, most of which are made to cater to the multilingual public in the city. There are also many centers of multinational media companies in the metropolitan area. There are 9 radio stations in Mumbai, 6 broadcast on FM band and 3 broadcast on AM band. Cultural Mumbai is the entertainment center of India and the birthplace of Indian films (the first Indian film was shot here on July 7th, 1896). It was originally a silent film, but at the beginning of the 20th century, a dialogue in Marathi, the oldest film in India, was dubbed. Mumbai's films are also extremely developed, and most of the film studios in the country are located here, so it is also called "Broadway in India". Most of India's major television and satellite networks and major publishing houses are headquartered in Mumbai. Bollywood, the center of Indian film industry, and its largest studio are also located in Mumbai. The base of Marathi film and television industry is also located in Mumbai. Bollywood is also called "Indian film". In fact, Urdu poetry is quite common here, and the proportion of English dialogues and songs is increasing year by year. In many movies, there are English words and phrases, even whole sentences. Some movies have also been made into two or three language versions (with subtitles in different languages or tracks). Bollywood has an important influence on popular culture in India and even the whole Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, parts of Africa and Southeast Asia, and spread to the whole world through the export of South Asian immigrants. Gourmet Mumbai is the food center of India, where you can find all kinds of dishes and special restaurants. This kind of food can be enjoyed everywhere, from the high-end restaurants affiliated to five-star hotels to the famous night market chef "Bada-Mia". If you are a person who likes to eat supper, I suggest you try the local roadside stall. There is a dish called Muslim barbecue, which is a major feature. Besides, the best restaurant in Craba is a China restaurant named "Nanjing", which serves steamed crabs and juicy fried lobsters. There are also curry rice, fried bread poori and lobster patties cooked with spicy ingredients in Mumbai, which should not be missed. Indian flying cake China's so-called "Indian flying cake" is called "Gabadi" in India and looks like a wonderful handicraft. When Indians make gabardine, they first make the dough neatly, knead it into a small ball, roll it a few times, and then heat it in a small pot. There is also a simple small stove next to the small flat pot, burning with blue flames, but there is no pot on it. When the cakes in the pot are almost cooked and a little swollen, the chef will use them neatly ... Indian curry rice. As we all know, curry originated in India. However, curry rice as a kind of rice began to be known by people all over the world, and that was at the end of 18, after the British brought curry rice back to Britain from India. At first, people regarded it as a meat dish, that is, a curry-flavored meat dish with rice. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, the British developed curry mixed with various spices and condiments and commercialized it. Since then, people have always stayed at home ... Poori Poori is a dim sum in India, just like a round cake the size of a palm, which bulges when fried. The center of the round cake is hollow, so it can be eaten with the main course or paste, and it will also appear in the general tower order. There is also a kind of Phulka similar to Puri, which is a fried cake made of whole wheat flour. Much smaller than Puri, often seen in roadside stalls. Local craftsmen are good at making leather slippers, purses, handbags, decorations and other leather products, which are worth buying. Coupled with the unique embroidery of gold and silver thread, it is deeply loved by women. Woodcarving Indian handicrafts and specialties are full of folk customs. For tourists who love exotic flavors, India is a shopping paradise. In Mumbai, you can buy special souvenirs from all over India. Indian woodcarving often has a strong ethnic and religious color. Festival 10 Victory Festival Festival Features: It is a Hindu festival as well as a national festival. This festival originated from the epic Ramayana to commemorate Rama's victory over the demon king Ravana. Festival time: Gregorian calendar 65438+1September-June Nine Nights Festival Features: Celebrations of 10 days and nine nights will be held all over India. Apart from offering sacrifices to Hindu goddesses, this festival is also a time to celebrate: from September to June every year, 10, the Elephant God Festival is held in Elephant Island in June every year, 10, and classical music and dance will be displayed. The Mumbai Festival, which started in 2004, is held every June 5438+ 10, showing Mumbai's food, dance and culture. Mumbai Tourism Bureau is located in Salsater Island on the west coast of Maharashtra, facing the Arabian Sea. It is the capital of Maharashtra, India, the most populous city in India and one of the most populous cities in the world. This city is the gateway to western India, the commercial and entertainment capital of India and an important trade center. Mumbai, backed by green hills and facing the sea, has a vast beach and a quiet street garden, which makes the city elegant and beautiful and has the reputation of "Queen's Necklace". Mumbai has not only Hindu temples, but also many mosques and Christian and Catholic churches, which makes the city full of religious flavor. The landmark building of Mumbai is India Gate, which is the facade and landmark building of India. It looks like the Arc de Triomphe in France. At present, it is used to receive important guests and has become one of the important tourist attractions in India. Besides, Ajanta Grottoes, Haibin Avenue, National Museum of Modern Art and Jehangir Art Museum are also must-see places. 1, India Gate, facing Mumbai Bay, is the facade and landmark of India. It is 46 meters high and looks like the Arc de Triomphe in France. It was built to commemorate the visit of George V and Queen Mary to India. Now it has become the facade of Mumbai to receive important guests and become one of the important tourist attractions in India. 2. Ajanta Grottoes are located on the cliff of Waguna Valley in Ajanta Village, Orangabad County, Maharashtra, northeast of Mumbai, more than 70 meters away from the cliff bottom. The whole grottoes are more than 500 meters long, and 29 grottoes spread out in a sickle shape on the cliff wall. Grottoes have a history of one hundred years and are the crystallization of the wisdom and sweat of the industrious and intelligent ancient Indian people. Grottoes are all-encompassing, with beautiful scenery and spectacular momentum. The cave walls are carved with exquisite murals, monasteries and murals, recording Buddhist art, history and the lives of several royal families in India. These murals are lifelike. Ajanta Grottoes, which integrates painting, sculpture, Buddhism and history, is an important world cultural heritage with high artistic value. Elephant Island is located on an island in the northeast of Mumbai Bay. It was first discovered by the Portuguese and then named in Portuguese. Sounds like a zoo. In fact, the biggest attraction of Elephant Island is four Hindu temples carved on rocks and seven grottoes. Among many grottoes, one is Shiva Temple, which has been well preserved after several storms. There are various statues of Shiva in Shiva Temple, such as the three-sided statue of Shiva, which is very famous. 4. Prince of Wales Museum The Prince of Wales Museum is one of the largest museums in India. The collections in the museum are very precious works of art and cultural relics of various periods and so on. There are also some valuable sculptures and a large collection. There are also some historical relics in our country. In addition, the museum itself is also a work of art, with Muslim architectural style, generous and elegant decoration without losing its extravagance. 5. Waterfront Avenue If Mumbai is a princess for India, then Waterfront Avenue is a princess's necklace. The crescent shape quietly falls on the edge of the city's beach, embellishing Mumbai so touching. In the evening, I strolled along Yu Along Haibin Avenue, blowing the sea breeze, listening to a romantic jazz song, just finished tasting the perfect food, with a little sweetness in my mouth, and the plants on both sides rocking their chairs in the wind, which showed the beautiful scenery of South Asia. Taking a leisurely walk here can be regarded as having been to India. There are both "municipal schools" (run by municipal authorities) and private schools (run by trusts or private individuals, usually funded by * * * *). Many residents choose to send their children to private schools because they have a solid foundation and use English as the medium of education. All private schools are subordinate to the Certificate Department of Secondary Schools in Maharashtra, or the All India Certificate Department of Secondary Education (ICSE) and the Central Committee of Secondary Education (CBSE). There is a great demand for schools belonging to ICSE and CBSE systems, as well as Catholic monasteries or Jesuits. The public schools run by * * lack many facilities, but this is the only choice for the poor, because they can't afford the expensive tuition fees of private schools. Under the education system of 10+2+3, students in Mumbai need to receive 10 primary education in China, and then enter a two-year junior college, where they can choose one of the three major fields of art, business or science. Then either study a comprehensive course in a certain field, or study a professional course, such as law, engineering, medicine and so on. Most colleges in the city are affiliated to Mumbai University, so it is one of the largest universities in the world in terms of graduates. In Mumbai, there are one of the most important engineering schools in India-Indian Institute of Technology Mumbai Branch and SNDT Women's University. There are two important research institutions in Mumbai-Tata Institute for Basic Studies (TIFR) and Bubaha Atomic Research Center (BARC). Like other parts of India, cricket is the most popular sport in Mumbai. Cricket matches are usually played on the playground in the whole city. Backyard cricket is an improved form of cricket, which can be played in the narrow alleys of the city, especially on Sundays. Mumbai has also trained several internationally renowned cricketers who belong to the Indian Cricket Management Committee (BCCI). The city is very concerned about international cricket matches. When the Indian cricket team took part in important matches, the city almost came to a standstill in a few days. There are two international cricket courts in this city: Vanke Hyde Stadium and Brighton Stadium. Mumbai's floor team is one of the strongest competitors in the country's top domestic cricket tour. Generally speaking, although football is not as popular in Mumbai as in West Bengal, Kerala and Goa, it is also a popular sport in Mumbai during the long rainy season because there are no other outdoor sports. In Mumbai, the World Cup is one of the most watched programs. On the other hand, India's national hockey dropped sharply, losing its popularity to cricket, although many Mumbai players played for the national team. Other sports are mainly played in many clubs and arenas, including lawn tennis, squash, billiards, badminton, billiards and golf. Mumbai also plays rugby, and it is one of the few cities in India that play this sport. Every February, the Jockey Club held at Maharashtra Racecourse in Mumbai attracts wide public attention, and many fashionistas will participate. Other sports, such as volleyball and basketball, are mainly popular in colleges and universities. Since 2004, the annual Mumbai Marathon has been sponsored by Standard Chartered Bank to promote mass sports in India. City honor 20 18 1 1, the ranking of world cities was released, and Mumbai entered the ranks of first-tier cities in the world.