1., also known as purple jade, refers to jade eroded by primary ore and brought into the river by scouring. It is distributed in riverbeds and floodplains on both banks, and jade is on the surface or buried underground. It is characterized by small volume, egg shape and smooth surface. Because of its age, it has been washed, transported and separated by water for a long time.
Choose, discard the dross and keep the essence. Or buried deep in the soil, several different pits, full of the essence of the earth. Therefore, the overall texture of Yu Zi is good, because the food and drink are full and extremely warm. Yu Zi is divided into naked jade seed and leather Yu Zi. Bare jade is generally collected from river water, while leather jade is generally collected from riverbed soil. So the age of leather jade is longer. Some precious jade varieties, such as jujube skin red, black skin, autumn pear yellow, yellow wax skin, sprinkle gold, tiger skin, etc., are all from leather jade.
2. Mountains and rivers. This name is named by jade picking and carving artists. It refers to the jade formed by the weathering and collapse of primary jade ore and the impact of river water on the middle and upper reaches of the river. The mountain stream is characterized by its proximity to the primary ore, large size, slightly rounded edges and corners, and smooth surface, which is slightly older and younger than Yu Zi.
3. Mountain material. Also known as Shan Yu, or Gai Baoyu, refers to the primary ore produced on the mountain. The characteristics of mountain materials are different in size, angular and uneven, and the quality is often not as good as that of landscape jade. Strictly speaking, the mountain material has not been baptized by nature and has not absorbed the essence of the universe. It should be called jade, not jade.
The economic value evaluation of Hetian jade is based on the purity of color and texture. Its main varieties are: white jade, containing tremolite above 95%, white in color, pure in texture, delicate and shiny, which is an excellent variety in Hetian jade. During the prosperous period of jade-making in Han, Song and Qing dynasties, great attention was paid to the selection of materials, and high-quality white jade was often carved into "heavy objects". Sheep fat white jade, the top grade of white jade, is pure and delicate in texture, containing 99% tremolite, white in color, equivalent to the weight of jade, and has much higher economic value than white jade. Sheep fat white jade was highly respected in Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Qing Qianlong period. Qingtian jade has no obvious difference from white jade in texture, but its color is light blue and green. It is the third-class jade in Hetian jade, and its economic value is slightly lower than that of white jade. Sapphire, which is light blue, turquoise and gray in color, is called sapphire, which is rich in reserves and is the main variety of jade collection or mining in past dynasties. Topaz is named as dense wax yellow, chestnut color, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, etc. Close wax yellow and chestnut color are extremely rare, and their value can be comparable to that of sheep fat white jade. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the homonym of "yellow" and "emperor", it was extremely rare, and its economic value once exceeded that of white jade with sheep fat. Tang jade, which is commonly found in white jade or plain jade, is called bi-color jade material, which can be used to make "Qiao jade". The snuff bottle made of Tang jade leather carving seed material can be hollowed out, which is called "covered with gold and silver" and can also be added with value. Jet, called pure lacquer ink, has dense black spots and is more valuable than other jet varieties. Jasper, pure dark green is the top grade, while those with black spots, black spots or jade ribs are inferior.
White jade: white, delicate, moist and slightly transparent, just like sheep fat, so it is called sheep fat white jade; White jade is opaque and has poor luster.
Sapphire and sapphire: dark gray-green to blue-green, opaque; Blue white jade is a transitional type between blue jade and white jade, which is grayish green.
Jasper: Dark green (spinach green) with rough texture. Jasper is not only produced in Xinjiang, but nephrite produced at home and abroad is collectively called jasper.
Jet: a strip mainly composed of dispersed carbon or graphite, which is grayish black or grayish black and white. If it is all black, it is called jet.
Topaz: It is made of white jade infiltrated by limonite, and it is beige to yellow.
Question 2: How to identify the quality of Hetian jade? Generally, it is necessary to identify the impostor and forgery of Hetian jade from the materials.
Hetian jade is a tremolite mineral with several remarkable characteristics: (1) it has a typical smooth and uniform wax mist surface; Translucent or opaque; When the Mohs hardness reaches 6-7 degrees, you can't scrape with ordinary metal tools without eating a knife; There is an obvious sticky feeling when touching. There are few jadeites that really meet the scientific standards on the market, and Hetian jade in Xinjiang is recognized. Because the tremolite content of Hetian jade exceeds 95%. The tremolite content of top hetian jade even reaches above 99.5%. It is precisely because Hetian jade is famous and its output is scarce that the market price is very high, so there are many counterfeiters.
Question 3: How to identify the quality of Hetian jade and judge its quality mainly depends on five aspects:
1, dense, light-transmitting, dense and uniform in texture, free of stone flower, crack and waterline, and good in structure.
2, whiteness, Hetian jade is beautiful in white, the purer the whiteness, no noise, the higher the whiteness, the better.
3, oily, touch by hand, the smoother the feel, the better the oil.
4. The sculptor, the more exquisite the sculptor, the better the portrayal, and the more unique the theme, the better.
5, the shape, the more regular, the more solid the materials, the better.
Question 4: How to distinguish the quality of jade? Identify the quality and authenticity of jade articles;
Identification method of water → Drop a drop of water on jade, if it is dewdrop-shaped, it is real jade; The water droplets disappear quickly, which is a fake.
Touch by hand → Real jade will feel cold and lubricated if touched by hand.
This inspection method concentrates jadeite in bright places, such as sunlight and lights. If the color is clear and the green is evenly distributed, it is a real jade.
Licking the tongue → licking the real jade with the tip of the tongue has a astringent feeling; Fake jade has no astringency.
Magnifying glass viewing method → Put the purchased jade under a magnifying glass to watch, mainly to see whether there are cracks. The jade without cracks is the best quality jade, followed by cracks. Even if it is real jade, the value of cracks is greatly reduced. The more cracks, the more obvious and the lower the value.
Question 5: How to identify the quality of Hetian jade bracelet? Hetian jade is divided into seed material and mountain material according to density, Kunlun mountain material, Heishan material, Yulong Kashi River seed material and Karakash River seed material according to origin, and iceberg jade is generally mountain material. The bracelet is cracked and can't be maintained well. If necessary, we should find a gold shop to decorate it.
Question 6: How to identify the quality of jade? From the sound point of view, two pieces of jade collide and make a crisp sound. From the color, check the jade surface for impurities. Judging from the handle, the jade of the goods is moist. Judging from the temperature, put the jade in your hand. The cooler the temperature, the better. The longer the time, if the temperature of jade does not rise too much, it is a good jade.
Question 7: How to distinguish the quality of jade? This is to see whether it is true or not. This is a relatively simple method to identify true and false! 1; I just put jade on my face and felt very cold. If it doesn't get cold for two or three seconds, it means it's true. Because jadeite can transfer heat and dissipate heat quickly! If it is not cold on the face, it is fake. 2; That is, the magnifying glass should be 10 or 30 times to look at the crystals inside to see if there are any small cracks like cobwebs, and whether the color is on the cracks or on the jade surface. If there is, it is fake. Hetian jade looks like rice paste, because the crystal is fine and the color is even. Jade looks like the wings of a fly, some like a little ofloxacin, and some like broken glass. Because the jadeite crystal is not delicate enough, there are many colors on the same jadeite. 3; It's an appraisal of destruction. Set it on fire. It's just burnt black, burnt yellow and stinky. Black and yellow are fake if they are not washed off. It's burnt and smelly. That's even more fake. If the fire really comes, there will be small water droplets attached to the jade, but if it is fake, there will be no small water droplets attached to the jade. ) To distinguish the quality of jadeite, the Anglo-American Jewelry Association has four standards: "color, transparency, uniformity and shape". In China, there are six standards, namely "color, transparency, uniformity, shape, percussion and luster". 1. No matter what color of jade it is, it must be bright. "White as fat", "yellow as steamed millet", "green as jade" and "black as ink" are excellent summaries of jade color by the ancients. Mottled, dark, not good. Among all colors, green is the best jade. Red and purple are one fifth as valuable as green. Jade with four colors is called "Fulu Xi Shou", and if it contains only three colors of red, green and white, it is called "Fulushou". 2. As transparent as glass, it is called jade, which is the top grade. Translucent and opaque jade is called intermediate jade or ordinary jade. Before the Qing Dynasty, red, green and white were called jadeite. Now jadeite jade refers to transparent jade, most of which are transparent green. 3. It even means uniform color. The color of jade is uniform. If it contains green but the color is uneven, its value is very low. The bigger the shape, the more valuable it is and the thicker it is. 5. There are often cracks and cuts when knocking on jade, and these cracks are generally not easy to observe. When knocking, you can tell whether there is a crack by the clarity of the sound. 6. There are black spots and flaws on jade that are not easy to be found by naked eyes. You can see it at a glance as long as you take pictures with a magnifying glass 10 times in light (avoiding strong light). In addition, when buying jade, we should also pay attention to the craft. Jade products pay attention to exquisite and unique shapes, vivid images, distinct levels, patchwork and elegant decoration. Use color, be clever because of color. Shallow carving, though flat as a mirror, should be far from Jing Yi. Hollow out, exquisite and realistic. When buying jade, don't do it in bright light. Because light irradiation is easy to make jade lose its primary color and even cover up some defects. The so-called "beautiful jade under the lamp" is this truth; good luck
Question 8: How to distinguish the quality of jade? At present, some stalls selling jade in the market are often mixed with some exquisite artificial jade. The more reliable identification methods are: seeing, listening and testing. Generally, the identification of A-products and B-products of jade bracelets mainly depends on listening to the sound. If there is no crack, lift a bracelet with your fingers, pick up another bracelet or other hard object and pat it gently (be sure to pat it gently. If you push too hard, it will damage the bracelet and the sound may be wrong. The sound of goods A is crisp, long, echoing and metallic; B goods have a dull and hoarse voice.
The identification of jadeite C goods is simple, and it is generally transmitted by a strong flashlight. The green color of A goods is head and tail color, and the spots of light transition are strip-shaped, while under the strong light transmission, the green color of C goods is distributed around the lines or cracks in a thin line. There are more and more useful information on 5 1hez.
Question 9: How to identify the quality of Hetian jade seed material? Hetian jade seed material is more valuable than mountain material, and the seed material with sugar skin is of course more expensive and has good color. The place where the sugar skin appears and whether it can make the finishing point after carving in the future are all part of his price. Moreover, Hotan not only produces white jade, but also produces jade such as jet, but the price of white jade is optimistic. The purer the white, the better. The ones that look like sheep fat are the best. A simple way to see the color of jade (in the case of light) is that after burning the jade surface with hair, the jade that does not change color is a better jade. However, seeing jade is a skill. I ... can only say that. Specifically, I need someone with more experience to teach you. . . . . . .
Question 10: How to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of Hetian jade on the appraisal certificate? The structure of Hetian jade in Xinjiang is felt-like fiber interwoven structure. When writing this structure, the certificate must indicate that it is made in Xinjiang. But at present, certificates issued all over the country dare not write like this.
According to the new national standard, all kinds of jade containing tremolite can be certified as Hetian jade. Therefore, the identification results of Qinghai jade, Russian jade, Canadian jade and Han Guoyu are all Hetian jade.
Experts must look at the internal structure of the object to judge whether it is Hetian jade in Xinjiang, good or bad. This is the only place where people can't be fooled. Certificates are only given to people who don't know how to do it.
On the certificate, if you don't write the structure, it is definitely not Xinjiang Hetian jade; Only less than 1% of people who write structures may be Hetian jade in Xinjiang.