The two river basins are called Mesopotamia, which means "the place between the two rivers". Mesopotamia was divided into two departments.
Babylonia in the south and Assyria in the north. Today, the two river basins are equivalent to today's Iraq.
The earliest inhabitants of the civilized era in the two river basins were Sumerians. They came here before 4000 BC.
They established the initial civilization of the two river basins. Akkadian, Babylonian (Amore) belongs to Seme language family.
People), Assyrians and Chaldeans inherited and developed the achievements of Sumerians, humanizing the civilization of the two river basins.
An important page in the history of the Ming Dynasty. Among them, the Babylonians made the greatest achievements, so the civilization in the two river basins is also called Babylonian civilization.
The civilization of the two river basins originated in the south of the two river basins. Here are the alluvial plains and deltas of the two rivers, just like the Nile in Egypt.
Similarly, these two rivers flood regularly, with ups and downs. Only by building dams, ditches and beams to store water and drain water can people cultivate and harvest.
Get it. Residents in the two river basins mainly use cattle and donkeys to pull wooden plows, and the most important crops are barley and dates. barley
Wine is people's favorite drink, and dates are one of people's staple foods.
In ancient times, people in the two river basins compiled the earliest agricultural book "Agricultural Book" in human history. The Farmer's Yearbook is based on an old book.
The farmer educated his son. The old farmer took pains to tell his son how to farm and what to pay attention to.
Love. For example, how to save irrigation water, prevent livestock from trampling on the fields, drive away birds that eat food, harvest in time and so on.
About 5000 years ago, the residents of the ancient two river basins made pottery. The pottery they make is mainly colored.
Pottery, colorful, dazzling, and some coated. People's daily life is almost like water cups, oil drums, stoves and lamps.
They are all ceramic. The most interesting thing is that the coffin used after death is also made of clay and shaped like a rectangular box with a lid.
In ancient times, the two river basins lacked stones, and the most important building material was clay. Clay is used to build walls, houses and pavements.
Adobe made of chopped wheat straw. In ancient times, urban buildings in the two river basins were all built with this clay.
In ancient times, the metal manufacturing technology in Lianghe area reached a fairly skilled level. In the Shang dynasty, there was a four-handled cauldron, about.
During the same period, there were bronze statues weighing about 2 tons in the two river basins, and there were also many handicrafts, such as making bricks, weaving hemp, carving stones and beads.
Treasure, leather, wood and so on.
The people in the ancient two river basins also made great cultural achievements and left a rich legacy in the treasure house of human culture.
They wrote a long time ago, and this is the famous cuneiform. Cuneiform, although this kind of writing never developed into
Pinyin writing, but in the early human writing, is a relatively developed one.
The main achievements of literature in the two river basins are proverbs, myths and epics. Recorded some Sumerian proverbs.
On the clay tablets, some of them reflected the social contradictions and ethos at that time. For example, it is better to live if the poor are dead.
Eat meat and there will be no sheep. You can't eat meat with sheep. ""The wife is her husband's future, and the son is her father's patron and daughter-in-law.
Is my father-in-law's nemesis. "Some are profound summaries of life experience:" Shoes are people's eyes, and walking increases people's knowledge. "
Wait a minute.
The myths and legends of the two river basins have particularly attracted the interest of future generations. It has been found that some Christian bibles and the Old Testament
The origin of the story lies in the ancient two river basins. For example, there is a poem about the creation of the world by God and the creation of the Bible.
It is said that God created man on the sixth day and rested on the seventh day. In the Bible, it is said that snakes lured Adam and Eve to steal food.
Therefore, the myth of the two river basins also tells that people's ancestors committed crimes because they were tempted.
The epic "The Forgotten One" is the most famous heroic epic in the ancient two river basins, depicting a man who despises God's will and makes his own decisions.
People benefit from heroic images and express their desire to know the secret of life and death. This is the earliest epic in the world. Lianghe
The main achievements of watershed science are in mathematics and astronomy. Sumerians already knew 10 decimal and 60 decimal.
System, the latter was widely used in the ancient two river basins. Today we measure time in hours, minutes and seconds, and put one
The circumference is divided into 360 degrees, which inherits the achievements of the ancients in the two river basins. Their area units and weight units are also mostly 6.
0 decimal. Ancient Greece and Rome all used some weight units here, and some places in Europe even used 18 all the time.
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The knowledge of astronomical calendar in ancient two river basins directly influenced European astronomy. Sumerians put one according to the moon's profit and loss
A year is divided into 12 months ***354 days. At the same time, set leap month and adjust the difference between lunar calendar and solar calendar. In the 7th century BC, once again,
A 7-day-a-week system has been formed. Every day, there is a star god "on duty" and this day is named after him. The order is as follows:
Sunday (Sun God)
Monday (Moon)
Tuesday (Mars God)
Wednesday (Mercury)
Thursday (Jupiter)
Friday (Venus)
Saturday (Saturn)
To this day, European countries are still named after these seven stars, seven days a week. However, the calendar at that time was still rough and inaccurate.
Yes
In addition, the people in the ancient two river basins also had rich knowledge of medicine, plants, animals and geography.
As early as more than 5000 years ago, people in the two river basins created such a developed civilization, which is really fascinating. Ancient Europe
The highest achievement of modern civilization is ancient Greek culture. However, when the ancient Greeks had not yet entered the civilized era, the two river basins
Our civilization lasted for about 2000 years. Many of the later achievements of the Greeks were made on the basis of the civilization of the two river basins.
On display.