original text

I was addicted to [1] when I was young. If the family is poor, there is no way [2] to publish a book [3] to read. Every time I borrow a book from the library [4], I will take my own notes and count the days. It's cold, the inkstone is hard, the fingers can't bend and stretch, and they are lazy [5]. Send it away after recording, and dare not exceed the appointment [6]. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. It is both a crown [7] and a holy way. Suffering from [8] ownerless celebrities and tourists [9], I tried [10] to go to [1 1] a hundred miles away, and I went from my hometown to [12] to ask questions [13]. Xianda Delong looked at the statue [14], and his disciples filled his room [15], and his words did not drop slightly [16]. Yu Lishi assisted the suspect [17] and leaned over to ask questions [18]; Or when he scolds [19], the more respectful and polite he is [20], and he dare not say a word back [21]; [22] Once you are happy, please. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot.

When I was a teacher, I dragged myself into the deep mountain valley, where the winter was poor, the wind was strong, the snow was several feet deep and my skin was chapped. When I arrived at the house [26], the four branches [27] were too stiff to move, and people [28] poured the soup and covered it for a long time. If you travel against the trend [29], the owner will eat again every day, and there is no taste of fresh fat. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with Zhu Yingbao, wearing a circle of white jade around their waist, a sword on the left and a smelly face on the right [30], [3 1] like a god; The rest of me wears a robe [32]. In the meantime, I have no good feelings. Those who have had enough fun in it don't know that the mouth [33] is not like a person. My efforts and efforts are probably like this.

Although I am old and have no achievements, I am fortunate to be among the gentlemen. But I was honored by the son of heaven, and after I was appointed as a consultant, I had to wait for one day, and all countries called him by the wrong name. What else?

Today, students learn from imperial academy [37], and the county magistrate [38] has a little support. My parents are 38 years old and have a legacy of Qiu Ge, and they are not afraid of freezing. Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; If you have a teacher, the doctor [39] is a teacher, and if you don't ask, you can't get what you want; There should be all the books here. There is no need for others to record them and read them later. If the industry is not refined, the morality is not successful, and the nature is not inferior, then the heart is not specialized. Is it too much for others?

Dongyang Ma Shengjun was in imperial academy for two years and was called a saint by the younger generation [40]. Yu Dynasty's capital [4 1] was born in a hometown. Write [42] a very long book, very eloquent. On the other hand, characters and colors are different [43]. When you say you are young, you need to make a lot of efforts to study. He is a good scholar! He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies. It is said that Yu Mian's fellow villagers are all scholars, and so is Yu. Those who scoff at my boasting about the prosperity of opportunities and are arrogant to the villagers, I am afraid that I am the only one left!

To annotate ...

[1] Addiction: special hobby.

[2] No way: No way.

[3] writing a book: get a book, here refers to buying books.

[4] borrow: borrow. "Fake" also means borrowing.

[5] Fu's laziness: that is, "Fu's laziness", he does not slack off and does not relax. "Zhi" is the object of "laziness" and refers to "recording".

[6] Go: Run.

[7] overdue: beyond the agreed time limit.

[8] coronation: after coronation, it refers to adulthood. In ancient times, when a person was twenty years old, he was crowned (put on a hat) to show that he had grown up. Later generations often use "crown" or "add crown" to indicate the age of 20. This means twenty years old.

[9] Suffering from: worry and anxiety.

[10] Master: A knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da.

[1 1] taste: once.

[12] trend: running towards.

[13] Xianda: a moral and learned elder.

[14] Inquiry: Ask for advice. Knock on the door and ask questions.

Delong Wang Zun: Noble morality and prestige. Respected.

The disciples crowded his room: the students crowded his room. Master, apprentice, student. To fill, block. It means crowded here.

[17] Word color: words and faces.

[18] aid doubts: ask questions and ask the truth. Help, leadership and advice. Quality, inquiry

[19] Bend down and slant your ears to ask: Bend down and slant your ears (to show respect and concentration) for advice.

[20] reprimand: reprimand, reprimand.

[2 1] To: Deliberate.

[22] A: This refers to defense.

[23] as long as: wait.

[24] negative basket (qiè) dragging basket (xǐ): carrying the book box and dragging the shoes (indicating that the shoes are worn out).

[25] Poor winter: severe winter.

[26] chapped skin (jūn): The skin is broken due to cold and dryness.

[27] House: This refers to the school house and school.

[28] Branch: connecting "limbs".

[29] Yi: refers to people who serve the people.

[30] soup: hot water.

[3 1] Lying off: water and washing.

[32] He: (q and n) quilt.

[33] Traveling against the trend: staying in a hotel. Travel backwards, hotel.

[34] smelly capacity: (show) sachet. Smell, smell, here refers to the aroma.

[35] Ye ran: radiant.

[36] robes: worn-out clothes. Weaving, old sheep. Open and shabby.

[37] Oral servitude refers to the enjoyment of food and clothing.

[38] imperial academy: imperial academy, located in Beijing, is the highest institution of learning in China.

[39] County Decree: This refers to the imperial court. Shao Lei: Schleswig, that is, the board fee.

[40] Teacher I and Doctor: refer to imperial academy Teacher I and Dr. imperial academy, both instructors.

Liu Dai: Same generation.

[42] Chao: This refers to the officials who are going to see the emperor after entering Beijing.

[43] Write: Same as "write". Long book: long letter. Lu: It was a gift when we first met.

[44] Yi: Peace.

[45] Prosperity of opportunity: That's good to meet. This refers to the official position.

[46] and travel: mutual influence.

[47] Trend: Let's go.

[48] Admire: Admire.

[49] Hug: Gather around.

[50] The more respectful the color, the more respectful the expression.

[5 1] Naihe: You should be warm. Yes, it's just.

translate

I like reading since I was a child. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read, so I often borrow books from people who have books, copy them with my own pen, and count the days and return them on time. It's very cold (winter), and the ink in the inkstone pool is frozen, so I can't bend and straighten my fingers and dare not relax (copy books). Run to return the book after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. Because of this, many people are willing to lend me books, so I can read books widely. As an adult, I admire the theory of ancient sages more. Later, I was worried that no masters or celebrities would associate with me. Once I ran a hundred miles away and asked the local moral and learned predecessors with scriptures. This senior has a high moral reputation, and his study is crowded with students who ask him for advice. He never speaks his words gently, but faces them gently. I stood by and waited, asking questions, asking truth, bending over and asking with my ears sideways; Sometimes when I meet his reprimand, my attitude becomes more respectful and polite, and I dare not say a word in return; He was happy and went to consult again. So although I am stupid, I can finally gain something.

When I was a teacher studying, I carried a book box and dragged my shoes in the old valley in the mountains. The cold wind is fierce in the deep winter, and the snow is several feet thick, so my feet and skin are frozen and cracked. When I arrived at the library, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The waiter brought me hot water to wash my hands and warm my feet, and wrapped me in a quilt. I spent a long time warming up. I live in a hotel. I only eat two meals a day. There is nothing fresh, fat and delicious to enjoy. The classmates who live with me are all dressed in gorgeous clothes, wearing red tassels and jeweled hats, with white jade rings hanging around their waists, knives on the left and sachets on the right, which look radiant and like immortals; But I live among them in shabby clothes without envy, because I have enough happiness in my heart, and I don't feel inferior to others. This is probably the case with my diligence and hard work when I was studying.

Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me.

Now these students are studying in imperial academy, and the court provides meals every day. Their parents send fur robes and silk clothes every year, so they don't have to worry about freezing and starving. Sitting in a big and spacious house reading poetry books, there is no fatigue of running around; With teachers and doctors as their teachers, there are no problems that cannot be solved and no requirements that cannot be met; All the books should be concentrated here, so that I don't have to copy them myself as before, and I can borrow them from others first. (If) they are (still) poor in studies and (still) lacking in virtue, (then) it is not that (he) is low in nature, but that (he) is not single-minded with me. Is it someone else's fault?

Dongyang Ma Jun studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his talent. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him, gentle in speech and modest in attitude. He himself said that he was very diligent and hard-working when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, and I specifically told him about the difficulty of studying. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you denigrate me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my fellow villagers, do you know me?

Flexible use of parts of speech

White jade ring at the waist. (waist, noun as verb, waist. )

Manual recording. (hand, noun as verb, hand, hand)

A day has passed ... the year has ... (adverbial of day, year and time)

People carry soup and fill it with water (soup: ancient meaning is hot water; This refers to the soup you drink. )

Send it away. (Walking means running in ancient times and walking in modern times)

Take: 1. Come (calculate the day to pay back the money; Bend over to please)

2. Leave (the remaining books)

Step 3 use (with blanket)

4. Because (there is enough fun in it)

, 1. (each borrowed from the library)

2. Pronouns (send away)

3. Used between subject and predicate to cancel sentence independence (when I am a teacher)

4. No real meaning (no smell of fresh fat)

5. Odor, 1 aroma

2 smell

Common words

1 branch: same limb.

2 quilt: wearing the same "cloak"

3 irrigation: the same as "washing"

1. What is the center of this article? How is the article elaborated?

(Commentary: This article is mainly narrative, with appropriate rendering description, concise brushwork, flying literary talent and flowing charm. Especially in the first paragraph, ask celebrities who are masters. Narration and description of "leaning over the ear, being willing to be rude, cultivating oneself and being happy"; In the second paragraph, how can you complain about being fat by Qi embroidery? The book is full of teachers, and the comparison between the two shows that "the book is full of teachers, but they are not proficient in their careers", which leads to the conclusion that "they are not proficient in their careers, unsuccessful in morality, and have no inferiority complex, so they are not proficient in their hearts and others are too embarrassed". This kind of writing is even more wonderful, so students must be guided to taste it carefully when studying. )

3. How did the author write about his learning experience?

The author wrote the hard scenes of his study when he was young, mainly his learning process and attitude. At the beginning, I pointed out the contradiction that is difficult to solve in my study: "Poor family" and "being addicted to learning" lead to learning difficulties: I often borrow books from people and write notes by hand, so no one cares, so I can read a lot of books. Without the guidance of a famous teacher, I trudged a hundred miles and asked the teacher questions. After the author's subjective efforts, tenacious struggle, countless hardships and countless hardships, he finally overcame the difficulties of "no books" and "no teachers" in learning, gained knowledge and became a well-read person. In particular, the author exaggerates the difficulty of studying under the teacher: in the poor winter season, walking over mountains and valleys, "I don't know if my feet are chapped" and "my limbs are stiff and can't move" Life is extremely hard, only two meals a day, wearing tattered old robes. But none of this has shaken the author's will to learn. In the hard study life, the author enjoys himself and does not envy the luxurious life of being in the same room. Spiritual wealth overcame material poverty. The accumulation of knowledge and spiritual enrichment are the necessary conditions for students to learn. Finally, the author summed up his study career with "diligence and difficulty", from which Ma Sheng can get inspiration.

4. What is the author's purpose in writing about his bitter experience?

This is to encourage Ma Sheng to concentrate on his studies and work hard. Because the text is only an excerpt, the author's intention is very obvious, referring to imperial academy's superior learning conditions and his encouragement and expectation for Ma Sheng. At the same time, the article is written from my own experience, which is more intimate and easy to read.

5. What learning secrets did you learn from the author's reading experience?

Study hard, seek advice sincerely, and constantly overcome and overcome difficulties in learning.

6. Song Lian has no books to read and is cold; Ask the teacher respectfully if you have difficulty; Life is hard and learning is interesting. What does this spirit of learning inspire you? Please talk about understanding in combination with reality.

Although our present study conditions are superior, far exceeding Song Lian's, our spirit of studying hard is not as good as his. Therefore, we should learn from him, do not compare with others in life, and concentrate on it in order to achieve something.

7. Is it advisable for a "sage" to "never say a word" to his disciples? Why? Talk about your understanding.

Whether you agree or not, it makes sense. Example 1: Not desirable. The relationship between teachers and students should be democratic and equal, and teachers should put down lofty airs, communicate with students on an equal footing, trust each other and grow together. Only in this way can we learn and grow. Example 2: desirable. I don't think that the "never break your word" of a "sage" is a disrespect for students, but a more responsible respect. Because only strict teachers can produce high-quality students. At the same time, respecting teachers and valuing morality is the traditional virtue of our Chinese nation.

The snake catcher said

Liu Tang Zongyuan is selected from Liuhe East Collection.

Yongzhou produces different snakes in the wild, black and white; Die of touching grass; Be defenseless against people who bite others. However, if wax (xο) is used as bait, strong wind, spasm (Luá n w mN) and fistula (lòu lìo) can kill muscle and three insects. At the beginning, the imperial doctor was ordered by the king to be compiled. At the age of 20, he gave it to the second one, and everything he could catch was recruited and rented. People are always struggling to run.

Those who owned the Chiang family all died for the benefit of III. When asked, he said, "My dad is dead, and so is my dad. Today, I have been a descendant of 12 years, and a few deaths count. " Anyway, if you look sad.

I said sadly, "What if it is poisonous? I told the people present (Li) that if it is multi-service, what if it is Fu? "

The relatives of the Chiang family cried and said, "Will you be born with sadness? Then the misfortune of our service, if not returned, is very unfortunate. If you don't serve us, we will be ill for a long time. I lived in my hometown for the third time, and now I am sixty years old. And the neighbor's birthday, it is frowning (ù), squatting (dān), leaving home, screaming to move (xī), hungry, stumbling (bó), feeling the wind and rain, suffering from cold and heat, screaming and poisoning. I (n ǐ ng) live with my ancestors and have no room today. The people who live with my father are all in the room today; Those who have lived with me for twelve years have nothing to do with it today. Die or move. And I live by catching snakes alone. Fierce officials came to my hometown, clamoring for things, Hu and the north and south suddenly; Those who are stunned and frightened, although they are restless. My snake (xún xún) got up to see it (fǒu), and my snake was still alive, so I lay down. Eat carefully and sometimes offer. The next best thing is to eat the things in the soil, so as to do the best. Cover the crime of the deceased being one year old; The rest, they are happy. Is my hometown neighbor really in danger? Even if I die today, it will be worse than the death of my neighbor. How dare I poison you? "

The more I listen to it, the more sad it becomes. Confucius said, "tyranny is fiercer than tiger." I doubt it, but I still believe Jiang's point of view. Oh! Who knows that Fu Lian's poison is very snake! Therefore, in order to (s) observe the folk customs, the people will get it.

There is a strange snake growing in the wild in Yongzhou, with white patterns on its black body; The snake touched the vegetation and all the vegetation withered and died; If you bite a person, there is no way to resist a poisonous snake. But after catching and drying in the sun, it can be made into medicinal bait, which can be used to treat diseases such as strong wind, spasm, fistula and boils. It can also remove necrotic muscles and kill parasites in the human body. At that time, the Emperor Cure Too much ordered the collection of this snake twice a year to recruit people who could catch this snake to offset their taxes. People in Yongzhou are scrambling to do it.

There is a family named Jiang, and three generations enjoy the benefits of tax deduction for catching snakes. I asked him, and I said, "My grandfather caught snakes and so did my father. Now I have been doing this job for 12 years, and I almost died several times. " When he said this, his face was sad.

I felt sorry for him and said, "Do you hate this job? I'll tell the magistrate to change your job and restore your taxes. How about it? "

The man surnamed Jiang was very sad. His eyes filled with tears and said, "You pity me, do you want me to live?" Then the misfortune of my work is not as bad as the misfortune of resuming the lease. If I don't do this job, I'm already in trouble. Three generations of my family have lived in this place for 60 years, but the life of our neighbors is getting worse every day. They take all the products produced on their land and all the family income (pay the rent, the rent is still not enough). They had to run away crying. They fell to the ground hungry and thirsty, braved the storm, braved the cold and heat, and breathed poisonous things. My grandfather used to live here, but now there is only one in ten families. Now less than two or three of the ten families live with their fathers; There are less than four or five households in ten households who have lived with me for twelve years. Those families are either dead or have moved away. But because of catching snakes, I survived. Violent officials came to my hometown and harassed and cursed everywhere. The noisy appearance disturbs the tranquility of the countryside, and even makes chickens and dogs restless. At this time, I got up carefully and looked at my crock. My snake was still there, so I lay down safely. I carefully fed the snake and offered it on the appointed day. After returning home, I spent the rest of my life eating things produced in the field with relish. It is estimated that you only die twice a year, and you can live happily the rest of the time. How can my neighbor be in danger every day! Now even if I die in this job, how can I hate it (catching snakes) compared with my dead neighbor behind me? "

The more I listen to it, the more sad it becomes. Confucius said, "The rule of cruelty is fiercer than that of tigers." I once doubted this sentence, and now it is really credible from what happened to Jiang. Alas! Who knows that the poison of exorbitant taxes is worse than this poisonous snake! So I wrote this "talk" to look forward to the officials sent by the court to inspect the people's feelings.

Yongzhou ① There are different snakes in the wild, black substance ①, white seal; Die of touching grass; ① Bite, no royal ② ①. While ② and ② of wax ③ think of erbium, but ③ kill three insects with strong wind, spasm, fistula and furuncle. (1) Cure too much at the beginning (4) Set it according to the king's life, give it in the year (2), and hire it if you can catch it (5). Someone who has been fighting for it.

① ⑤ "Zhi": Yes. "Different": strange. [Quality]: texture, foundation. ① "Er": Table juxtaposition. "Chapter": color pattern. [Contact]: Contact. "All": All, all. 1 "to": and, if. "bite": bite. Yu: resist. 2 "Zhi": instead of snake venom. ① "zhe": refers to the method. "Ran": However. (2) "Er": indicates inheritance. [Wax]: Dry. ③ ④ ⑤ "Zhi": instead of snakes. 234 "take": use. Wei: make, make. "bait": medicinal bait. The word "you" is used to do ... go away, which means to be cured here. "gale": leprosy. "contracture": a disease in which the hands and feet cannot flex. "Fistula": swollen neck. "Furuncle": malignant sore. Start: Remove. "Dead muscle": a muscle that has lost sensation, a necrotic muscle. "Three bugs": parasites in the human body. (1) "Qi": refers to what is to be said. "Cure too much": imperial doctor, the emperor's doctor. "get together": get together. "Year": noun as adverbial, every year. ② "Qi": refers to snakes. "Two": twice. "Invitation": soliciting, soliciting. ② "Zhe": refers to people. "When": as. ③ "Qi": refers to a person who can catch snakes. "people": pay. "Man": Man, avoiding the "man" of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. "Yan": pronoun, referring to this matter.

Use:

Bite (conjunction, if)

Gather (use) at the king's command

already

There can be a strong wind (stop, cure)

human

The Chiang family (with ...)

How many dead people are there?

If the appearance is very strong (as if)

If:

If it is poisonous (you) (annoying)

If Fu Fu (yours)

Cry:

Wang Ran shed tears (tears)

You will be born with sadness (will you pity me and let me live? Living, making ...)

Recipient:

Don't fight for us.

You have been ill for a long time (it's difficult here)

Out of the land, out of the house (salary)

Hit the wind and rain, sometimes cold and sometimes hot (take risks)

Either you die or you move (equivalent to "either"

Yelling at the east and west, yelling at the north and south (a preposition in prepositional phrases, like "Yu", placed behind the verb predicate as a complement, which can be translated as: shouting everywhere, harassing everywhere) is intertextual.

A person who is stunned and horrified (but auxiliary words and pronouns can be translated as "scene" or "momentum")

Is my neighbor's Dandan true (if it is true, it's not like this, it's just risking death)

How dare you be poisonous? How dare you hate this job? )

The sentence "tyranny is fiercer than a tiger" (translated as "brutal rule is fiercer than a tiger") comes from a story recorded in the Book of Rites. Liu Zongyuan quoted this sentence to express his dissatisfaction with the exorbitant taxes at that time.

I doubt it (on behalf of "tyranny is fiercer than tiger")

Use wax as bait (dry the meat; Think, make ...)

Give (levy) in the second year

Someone who has been fighting for it (referring to this matter)

And the neighbors' birthdays are embarrassing (every day)

Then I am happy (happy)

So that people who are now popular can get what they want (once, and so on, pronoun, referring to this article)

Who knew the poison was a snake? Who knows that the poison that plunders the people is worse than this poisonous snake!

Abstract of notional words

for

(1) verbs-make, make. "If you get what you want, you get what you want."

Two verbs-do, do. This is my heir for twelve years.

Three verbs-write. "Then say it."

already

(1) leave, meaning to recover. It may be windy.

There are already two. "It's worse than the death of a neighbor."

award

(1) collection. "Age gives seconds."

(2) rent and tax. "Who knows Fu Lian poison ..."

pestilence

1 malignant sore. There may be ... fistulas and boils.

(2) Epidemic disease and epidemic gas. Shh, shh, boiling.

enter

1 salary. When I rented it in.

2 income. "Exhaust inlet".

year

① Every year. "Age gives seconds."

② years. "I am sixty years old today."

very

(1) Very. If you look sad.

2 awesome. "It would be very unfortunate if I didn't reply to my blessing."

More than three. "I wonder if there is a snake in the poison!"

if

(1) It seems so. If you look sad.

2 you. "What if it's poisonous?"

poison

(1) resentment. "What if it's poisonous?"

2 toxic. Shh, shh, boiling.

③ Harm. "Who knows Fu Lian poison ..."

grow

(1) To survive, to survive. "Will you be born with sadness?"

2 life. "And the neighbors' birthdays are shocked."

eat

1 eat. "settle for second best, content is always happy."

② s, feeding. "Eat."

look

① Look. "Jiang's view today is like this."

2 check. "When your husband comes to watch the wind, you will get what you want."

Overview of function words

about

1. Yongzhou Wild Snake.

② Cancel sentence independence. "The fierce official came to my hometown".

3 pronouns. "Ask and say" (on behalf of others, he), "Born with sadness" (on behalf of myself, I), "I made a 12-year successor" (on behalf of others), "Bite, unguarded" (on behalf of things, snakes) and "Talking, looking sad" (representative words)

along with

(1) If. If you want to bite, there is no royal person.

② Use and administration. "Cure too much with the king's life".

3 because. And I live by catching snakes alone.

4 according to. "Jiang's view today is like this."

⑤ Table use. "So, observe the folk customs."

how

(1) and the word, here. People who always try to escape.

2. "Sometimes sacrifices are offered."

③ Modal words. There is nothing in this room.

Used at the end of rhetoric or questions.

(1). "Will you be born with sadness?"

2? "I wonder if there is a snake in the poison!"

(3) In the sentence, in. Screaming about something.

what

(1) Yes. My ancestors died.

2 here. "I will tell the people present."

(3) and in, to. "I am sixty years old today."

4 ratio. "Tyranny is fiercer than a tiger."

The focus of function words: and

The juxtaposition of black and white chapters

The relationship between getting what you want and getting what you want.

Born in sorrow, it depends on juxtaposition.

And neighbor's birthday frown before and after inheritance.

Usually, the deceased also expressed the decorative relationship between the front and the back.

Migrate when you die, and I catch snakes to save the turning point.

Changes in the context of people who are amazed and afraid.

Decorative relationship between the front and back of the table

Relationship between relaxation and supine.

It depends on it, but my snake still exists, and it means to bear the relationship.

From time to time, it shows the decorative relationship before and after.

Retreat and eat, which means to undertake the relationship.

Decorative relationship before and after happy time.

The more I listen, the sadder I feel.

Keyword explanation:

Chapter: Pattern.

Get together: collect.

Current affairs: managing political affairs.

Qi: Sadness.

Snuff: tears.

Item: If.

Yes: this one.

Teeth: age.

An Gan: How dare you.

Stuck: Fall to the ground.

Giotto: harassment.

Yaoyao: You look very cautious.

Eat: hello.

Xixi: Happy.

So: in this matter.

Heir: Inheritance.

Poison: resentment.

One: Wait, there is hope in the text.

Go: towards, towards.

Yang: Extensive competition.

Year: year.

He Ru: How about that?