Burial, cremation and water burial. The most common is burial, which has funerary objects. If there is treasure, someone will dig it!
The ancients paid attention to things like death, so it was taken for granted that people would only go to another world to enjoy themselves after death, so their tombs were very particular and their funerary objects were quite rich. Grave robbers are their extreme opposites. Although the ruling class of each dynasty punished grave robbers severely, under the temptation of funerary objects, many people took risks and couldn't kill them. In this extreme and relative environment,
Tombs are getting stronger and stronger, and grave robbers are becoming more and more skilled.
When grave robbers have technology, it is not a thief in the ordinary sense! When their technology is higher than the official technology, such as Oracle bone inscriptions, grave robbers first revealed it. In western civilization, due to cultural differences, they think that the first discoverer can have it, so for a long time, western explorers were grave robbers, so like the British Museum, the Louvre is full of so-called precious historical relics brought back by their explorers!
Back to history, the most famous tomb-robbing system now belongs to the gold-touching captain established by Cao Cao at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty!
At that time, Chen Lin made a "Yu Zhou for Yuan Shao", saying that Cao Cao had teamed up to take treasure from the grave as a salary because of insufficient salary. This matter is quite controversial in history, because the article itself is a pit before the war between Yuan Shao and Cao Cao, and its purpose is to be famous, just as trying to fight Cao Cao is just doing justice for heaven. It is interesting to note that historians do not recognize the idea of openly setting up official positions to dig ancestral graves, but Cao Cao himself has never denied it.
Therefore, there is a sentence in Chen Lin's sketch that Cao Cao specially sent a high corps commander to touch a captain's gold, and he died suddenly and quietly. Nowadays, there is a popular saying in archaeology that the archaeology of Han tombs depends on luck. Obviously, such a huge project cannot be completed by ordinary people, and it needs a very large population base to complete it.
One of the tombs is Liang Xiaowang's tomb. According to the current exploration area, the total area of Liang Xiaowang Tomb is about 5,000 square meters. After thousands of years of wind and frost, the royal style of that year is still visible! At that time, the general tombs were piled up with huge stones after cutting the mountain, but Liang Xiaowang's tomb rarely cut the mountain into the side and cut through the stone to hide it. How could such a huge tomb be opened by grave robbers on March 5? You know, in the late Qing Dynasty, Sun Dianying stole the tomb of Empress Dowager Cixi, using countless explosives, and engineers also engaged in it for a long time!
It can be seen that no matter how high the specifications of a tomb are, or even how strong it is, it is inevitable that grave robbers will open it in various ways, and the huge tomb of the first emperor has also been discovered.
Cao Cao was a lean man, and a particularly interesting final decree was issued in 2 18 AD. This order first put forward the requirement of thin burial, that is, to bury him on a hill, and the foundation should be made according to the original height of the ground. No soil will be sealed or trees planted on the mausoleum, and the rest of the treasures and jewels are no longer needed.
Generally speaking, no one can find it. History has two explanations for this problem.
One is that Cao Cao was thrifty all his life and was extremely strict with his family and officials. Even his daughter-in-law was killed by him according to family rules.
The second is mainly to prevent people from robbing tombs, which is a more rational idea. After all, no matter how strong the mausoleum is, Cao Cao has stolen it. Therefore, the higher the tomb specifications, the greater the risk of being stolen! And the most credible part of this statement is that Cao Pi, the son of Cao Cao, analyzed why the princes' tombs were always stolen. He said that since the chaos, all the tombs of the Han family have been dug up, even the jade boxes have been burned and the bones have been scattered. That's the punishment of burning to death, so it's not painful! The cause of the disaster is a thick burial. Obviously, there are too many treasures in it. To quote the words in Tomb Raider Notes, what is really terrible is not ghosts and gods, but people's hearts!
Greed is the basic element of grave robbery. Cao Cao obviously considered this, but this is one of them. After Cao Cao died, he used the first double insurance in history! On the day he was buried, all the gates of Yecheng were opened. The seventy-two coffins of Prime Minister Cao were carried out from four directions, southeast and northwest, and went in different directions at the same time. The distance is short and short, and the planning of Fiona Fang is full of twists and turns.
The problem is that no one knows which of the 72 suspected graves is real, and maybe all of them are fake. Cao Cao was worthy of the word "biography" and played a joke on the grave robbers when he died. It's just that this joke has passed for thousands of years, and he is still a close contact with mahjong, a riddle!
Sima Yi, who was in the same era as Cao Cao, was a little taller than Cao Cao in terms of tombs.
Jin Shu? Xuan Di's biography says, first, preparation is final, and shouyangshan is the soil! This sentence shows that Sima Yi built a mausoleum in shouyangshan before his death, but when he died, he warned his family that the funeral after death should be simple, no graves, no epitaphs, no funerary objects, no trees and no wives and concubines buried together. According to the truth, this tomb was hard to find, but it could not stand the test of time and was finally discovered by an old farmer. It can be seen that the scale of tombs in shouyangshan Plateau Mausoleum is not small. Later, the epitaph of Juicy Zuo, the concubine of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, was also unearthed in this area.
After the Three Kingdoms period began, Zhuge Liang, a deified figure, naturally had his own means. Unofficial history said that Zhuge Liang's last request before his death was to lift his coffin south and bury it when the rope broke. At first glance, this rather bizarre statement is somewhat neither fish nor fowl. Obviously, the specifications and standards are not in line with the identity of a prime minister, but when it comes to surprises, it is very profound.
Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, recorded in the Notes on Water Classics that he was buried in his own mountain, because of the terrain, there was no grave ridge. But the existing tomb of Zhuge Liang was sealed by later generations.
The above three are all talented people in the world, and their burial methods are also different. Let's talk about Cao Cao's suspicious tomb first. This is the easiest way to combat grave robbery, that is, artificial grave robbery. The latter is a hidden tomb, so that the grave robbers don't know its true location. The traditional anti-tomb-raiding methods we commonly call are mostly based on the solid stone walls and iron walls, sand storage and anti-theft chisels, and the use of crossbow poison smoke to kill tomb robbers.
But throughout history, there are not many people who use suspected tombs. Quanzhou folk also had such a legend, saying that General Shi Lang had seven virtual tombs hidden at the gates of various ancient cities in Quanzhou. There was a poet in the Song Dynasty who was very indignant at Cao Cao's behavior. He said that if all graves were to be built, there must be a grave to hide the monarch's body! What do you mean, doesn't Cao Cao have seventy-two suspected graves? If I dig them all up, there must be one of you! However, many archaeologists have confirmed a problem. The suspected tombs built by Cao Cao at that time were actually large ancient tombs in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the exact number was not 72. Because in the eyes of the ancients, 72 is a divisor, that is, ordinal number, so there are 134 tombs there, and Cao Cao's tomb is really not here.
In addition, during the Three Kingdoms period, there were great disputes about Liu Bei's Tomb and Sun Quan's tomb. Why is the problem so big?
It is because of the lack of historical materials.
Looking at the History of the Three Kingdoms now, the History of the Three Kingdoms is a very important and precious historical material, but its author Chen Shou is a private history, which is not the task assigned by the rulers at that time.
Therefore, the conditions faced are relatively difficult, resulting in a serious shortage of information, which has left too many problems for future generations.
Of course, starting from the Three Kingdoms, the general trend of the world gradually returned to stability according to the theory that long-term division must be combined and long-term division must be reached. Since then, there have been few such strange tombs. Like the Tang and Song Dynasties, they all had their own high-standard royal tombs, and so did the Ming and Qing Dynasties.